fruits: parts and classification
TRANSCRIPT
FRUIT
FRUIT•A product of flowers usually developed as a result of flower being pollinated.•Referred to as “ripened ovary”.•Its primary function is to distribute seeds to new areas where the plant might grow (seed dispersal vehicle).
FRUIT
Structure
Classifications
STRUCTURE
A fruit is composed of the pericarp and the seed.
STRUCTURE
SEED
PERICARP
STRUCTURE
Pericarp is the ovary wall which surrounds the seed (seed container). It has three regions: exocarp/epicarp, mesocarp,
endocarp.
STRUCTURE
Parts of the Pericarp:1.Exocarp/Epicarp - outer part, skin
of the fruit2.Mesocarp - middle part, flesh of the
fruit.3.Endocarp - inner part, encloses the
seed.
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATIONS
I. Simple FruitsII.Aggregate FruitsIII.Multiple Fruits
CLASSIFICATIONSI. Simple Fruits• Developed from one single ovary
containing one or more carpels and may or may not include additional accessory structure.
SIMPLE FRUITSA.Fleshy Fruits• Its pericarp and accessory parts
develop into succulent tissues.• One or more layers of the pericarp
become soft during ripening.• Its pericarp is fleshy at maturity (soft
pericarp).
FLESHY FRUITS1.Berries• Have one to many seeds and a
pericarp that becomes soft and often sweet and slimy as it matures.
• Grapes, eggplant, tomatoes, green peppers, blueberries, mangosteens, guavas, bananas, ampalaya, papaya
FLESHY FRUITS2. Hesperidia• Have leathery pericarp that
produces fragrant oils and soft segmented pulp.
• All citrus fruits
FLESHY FRUITS3.Pepos• Have thick or hard exocarp.• Have a receptacle that partially or
completely encloses the ovary.• Pumpkins, cucumber, squashes,
cantaloupes, watermelons
FLESHY FRUITS5.Pomes (Accessory Fruit)• Its bulk is formed from a swollen
receptacle.• Have a thin exocarp and a papery
cartilaginous mesocarp.• Pears, apples
SIMPLE FRUITSB.Dehiscent Dry Fruits• Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.• Split open at maturity to shed
seeds.
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1. Follicles• Have single carpel.• Open along one seam when the
seeds are to be released.• Milkweed, columbines, peonies,
magnolia
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Legumes/Pods• Derive from a single carpel.• Split into two seed-bearing halves.• Garden peas, beans, peanut,
mesquite
3.Siliques• Seeds reside on a partition
between halves of the ovary.• Mustard plant, watercress
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
4.Capsules• Derived from compound ovaries.• Two or more carpels, split along
seams or forming caps or pores.• Eucalyptus, horse chestnut, kapok
SIMPLE FRUITSC.Indehiscent Dry Fruits•Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.• Remain closed at maturity, thus,
leaves their seeds inside them
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1.Nuts• Have hard thick pericarp and a
basal cup.• Acorns, hickory nuts, chestnuts,
hazelnuts
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Achenes•Have thin pericarps and solitary
seed.• Seeds connect to the pericarp only
at the base.• Sunflowers, buttercups
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
3. Samaras•Have thin pericarps.• Seeds occur in pairs and have
wings that allow dispersal by the wind.• Elm, ash, maple, narra
INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
4. Caryopses/Grains•Have hard pericarp fastened to the
embryo all the way around.•Grass family
CLASSIFICATIONSII. Aggregate Fruit• From one flower that produces
many tiny fruits (fruitlets) clustered together (etaerios).• Blackberries, strawberries,
raspberries
CLASSIFICATIONSIII.Multiple Fruit • From many different flowers or
cluster of flowers develop closely to form a bigger fruit.• Pineapples, mulberries, figs,
breadfuits, langka, atis, durian