fuel economy & idle reduction
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7/13/2011
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Fuel Economy & Idle Reduction Workshop
East Tennessee Clean FuelsKnoxville, Tennessee
July 13, 2011
This workshop made possible through support from the U.S. Department of Energy and partners.
Materials for the Clean Transportation Education Project were developed by the NC Solar Center/NC State University and partners with funding from the U.S. Dept of Energy Clean Cities program. The U.S. Government does not assume any legal liability, responsibility for the
accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information provided, nor endorse any particular product through this support.
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Clean Transportation Education Project
• CTEP is a 2 year initiative that will deliver 36 workshops across h bthe U.S. in 4 subject areas:‐ Biodiesel ‐ Ethanol‐ Natural Gas and Propane ‐ Fuel Economy/ Idle Reduction (including electric & hybrid vehicles)
• CTEP success relies on partnerships among Clean CitiesCTEP success relies on partnerships among Clean Cities coalitions, industry and educational organizations
• Lead by NC Solar Center/NC State University and Wake Tech Community College with funding provided by the U SCommunity College with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy
• Workshop schedule and more information at www.altfueled.orgwww.altfueled.org
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Today’s Topics:Today s Topics:
Wh C ? E S i & E i i• Why Care? Energy Security & Emissions
• Vehicle Choices & Fuel Economy Technologies
• Idle reduction: Policies, Practices, and Technologies
• Driver Behavior & Driving Tips
P i M i (PM)• Preventative Maintenance (PM)
• Accountability‐Establishing a Green Fleet Program
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Fuel EconomyFuel Economy
Why Care?Why Care?
Energy Security, Emissions
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Energy Map of the United States
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Energy Map of the United States circa 2050
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The End of Oil?
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Graphic: Bosch
• China will pass the U.S. in vehicle population within 25 yearsp p p y• This will put increasing strain on oil supplies• Not to mention India!
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Combustion Creates EmissionsCombustion Creates Emissions• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
P d d ( l ith t ) h b ti b f l– Produced (along with water) when combusting a carbon fuel• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
– Produced by an incomplete burn (not enough oxygen)O id f Ni (NO )• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)– Produced in internal combustion engines by heat and pressure
• Oxides of Sulfur (SOX)– Fossil fuels, in particular diesel and coal, contain sulfur
• Hydrocarbons (HC) or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)– Unburned petroleum due to an incomplete burn
• Particulate Matter (PM)– Particulate carbon released from the fuels, mostly in diesel
combustion
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SummarySummary
• Business as usual is not a sustainable energy plan for the United States.l h l ll• Oil, while not going away, will
continue to increase in cost.Ai lit l ti i• Air quality regulations governing NOx, Hydrocarbons, CO2 etc. will continue to tightencontinue to tighten.
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Vehicle & Fuel ChoiceVehicle & Fuel Choice
Are you right sizing?
When choosing new?When choosing new?
When using what you have?
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TechnologyTransportation is becoming a mix of technologies taking us toward sustainability through fuel economy (efficiency) and idle reduction.reduction.
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Decision Making for Fuel Economy : h lTechnology Matrix
Technology/Price Fuel economy Range Fuel/Availability
Gas direct injection
Diesel
Hybrid
Flex Fuel‐E‐85Flex Fuel E 85
CNG
Pl i h b idPlug in hybrid
Range extender electric
Hydrogen
Source: SAE Hybrid Symposium, Synovate data, Feb 2007
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Hybrid Technology
Hybrids use a ycombination of internal combustion and one or moreand one or more electric machines to drive the wheels.
dEnergy is stored in both the fuel tank and a pack of nickel pmetal‐hydride batteries.
Graphic: Honda Motor Co.
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Hybrid Types
Hybrid fuel economy is affected by drive cycle. Hybrids provide superior fuel economy in urban environments but are not effective in high speed interstate driving.
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Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)Compare Honda Civics:
• 2010 Honda Civic• 2010 Honda GX (CNG)
Compare Honda Civics:
• Combined MPG = 29• Fuel $/yr = $1,654based on
reg. gas @$3.20/gal and 15K miles/yr
• Combined MPG = 28• Fuel $/yr = $1,340based on
CNG @ $2.50gge and 15K miles/yr g g /g /y
• Carbon Footprint 6.3 annual tons of CO2
• Air Pollution Score = 6
• Carbon Footprint 5.4 annual tons of CO2
• Air Pollution score = 9 Air Pollution Score 6• Energy Impact Score = 11.8 barrels
• Energy Impact Score = 0.1 barrels
Source: www.fueleconomy.gov
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Green Choice vehiclefrom US EPA Green Vehicle Guide
2010 Malibu 2LT 4 cylinder 2010 Malibu 2LT 6 cylinder2010 Malibu 2LT 4 cylinder
• Combined MPG= 25
• Gals/100 miles = 4
2010 Malibu 2LT 6 cylinder
• Combined MPG= 22
• Gals/100 miles = 4.55Gals/100 miles 4
• Fuel cost/yr = $1,590 15K/yr
• Smog/yr = 3.64 lbs
Gals/100 miles 4.55
• Fuel cost/yr = $1,807 15K/yr
• Smog/yr = 5.29 lbs
• GHG/yr = 5.91 tons
• MSRP= $22,895
• GHG/yr = 6.71 tons
• MSRP= $24,690
6 cyl costs $1,795 more, uses more fuel, cost more to operate, emits more criteria pollutants and greenhouseoperate, emits more criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Neighborhood Electrics (NEV’s)• NEVs can fulfill many tasks especially in urban centers, campus environments, etc.
• Range is typically 30 to• Range is typically 30 to 50 miles/charge
• Speed limited by Federal law to 25 mph.
• Can be driven on streets zoned• Can be driven on streets zoned up to 35 MPH,
• No special recharging infrastructure required,
• Can be plugged into 110 outlet.
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Right Size Vehicles to Optimize Fuel Economy & d i i& Reduce Emissions
• It is important to remember that real emissions areIt is important to remember that real emissions are based on the mass of emission products (such as CO2
produced) and that this is a function of engine size (displacement).
• When choosing a vehicle/power train, right size your vehicle to its intended application! Only buy the power you need.
• CNG engines utilize higher compression ratios which offsets reduced energy density of the fuel.
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Summary
• The fleet manager/consumer has more e eet a age /co su e as o echoices of types vehicles than ever before.
• Choices range from enhanced gasoline and g gdiesels to various types of electric drive systems.
• Purchase decisions should be made only after careful research and analysis of needsneeds.
• Don’t forget the color! Light colors such as white will improve fuel economywhite will improve fuel economy.
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Technology
We have made great progressWe have made great progress toward higher efficiency
Let’s take a look!Let’s take a look!
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Energy Densities & Fuel ChoicesThe joule is the energy exerted by the force of one Newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter or the work required to continuously produce one watt of power for one second or one watt
dsecond.The megajoule (MJ) is equal to one million
joules or approximatelybon
joules, or approximately the kinetic energy of a one‐ton vehicle moving
at 100 MPH
% Carb
% Hydrogen
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Energy 101
Second Law: “In all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the s stem the potentialsystem, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that ofalways be less than that of the initial state." This is also known as entropy. In the process of energy conversion, some energy ill l di iwill always dissipate as
heat. Courtesy Wikipedia
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Thermal EfficiencyThermal Efficiency
• As often stated,As often stated,
O TE W k O t di id d b E I
Graphic Courtesy WIKIPEDIA
• Or TE = Work Out divided by Energy In• TE will be a percentage and must always be
t th 0 d l th 100greater than 0 and less than 100
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Choosing Torque & Power• Choose the power train carefully!• Analyze the primary function of the
vehicle Is it intended for highwayvehicle. Is it intended for highway use? Urban drive cycle? Payload? Will it provide power via a PTO?
• Maximizing efficient use will maximize fuel economy.
• Short stroke/lower compression / pvehicles well suited to light duty high speed operation, such as transporting people over long p g p p gdistance.
• Long stroke/high compression engines suitable for hauling heavy
Specs for 3 Ford engines,Approx 6 5 litresengines suitable for hauling heavy
loads, large chassis and continuous low speed operation.
Approx 6.5 litres
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Technologies That Impact Fuel Economy
• Variable Valve Timing & LiftVariable Valve Timing & Lift• Cylinder Deactivation or Active Fuel ManagementManagement
• Turbo charging & Supercharging• Gasoline Direct Injection• Gasoline Direct Injection• Low Rolling Resistance TiresS l ti C t l t R d ti• Selective Catalyst Reduction
• Idle Reduction
Points 1,2,3,4: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/tech_adv.shtml l
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Variable Valve Timing (VVT)
• VVT can be found on many li h d hi lcurrent light duty vehicles,
• Also coming to gasoline medium duty,medium duty,
• Provides better control of emissions, especially EGR.
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Variable Valve Timing & LiftVariable Valve Timing & Lift• When and how long the valves open (timing) and how much the
valves move (lift) both affect engine efficiency.valves move (lift) both affect engine efficiency.
• Optimum timing and lift settings are different for high and low engine speeds.
& i ll l i i d lif h i• VVT&L systems automatically alter timing and lift to the optimum settings for the engine speed.
Potential Efficiency Improvement 5%Savings over vehicle lifetime $1,100 Fuel Cost savings are estimated assuming an average vehicle lifetime of 185,000 miles, a fuel price of $2.58, and
f l f 21 MPG All i d d h h d d d llan average fuel economy of 21 MPG. All estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred dollars.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. 2005. Automotive Technology Cost and Benefit Estimates. Arlington, Virginia, March.Average light‐duty vehicle fuel economy: Heavenrich, R. M. 2005. Light‐Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyAverage vehicle lifetime: Calculated based on Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 24. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tables 3.9 & 8.13.
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Cylinder DeactivationCylinder DeactivationAlso called multiple displacement, displacement on d d (DOD) A i F l M d i bldemand (DOD), Active Fuel Management and variable cylinder management This technology merely deactivates some of the engine's cylinders when they are not neededsome of the engine s cylinders when they are not needed. This temporarily turns a 8‐ or 6‐cylinder engine into a 4‐ or 3‐cylinder engine. This technology is not used on 4‐cylinder y g gy yengines since it would cause a noticeable decrease in engine smoothness.
Potential Efficiency improvement 7.5%Savings over vehicle lifetime $1 700 FuelSavings over vehicle lifetime $1,700 Fuel
cost savings are estimated assuming an average vehicle lifetime of 185,000 miles, a fuel price of $2.58, and an average fuel economy of 21 MPG. All estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred dollars.
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Gasoline Direct Injection• GDI technology will
enable widespread use pof Idle reduction technologies in light duty gasoline vehiclesduty gasoline vehicles.
• Also used with cylinder deactivation systems.
“Turbocharged‐Direct Injection Gasoline engines offer the best bang for the Buck”**Paul Whitaker Chief Technologist AVL Corp )Paul Whitaker, Chief Technologist, AVL Corp.)
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Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)Also called fuel stratified injection or direct injection stratified charge
In conventional multi‐port fuel injection systems, fuel is injected into the port and mixed with air before the air‐fuel mixture is pumped p p pinto the cylinder. In direct injection systems, fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that the timing and shape of the fuel mist can be precisely controlled This allows higher compression ratios and moreprecisely controlled. This allows higher compression ratios and more efficient fuel intake, which deliver higher performance with lower fuel consumption.
Potential Efficiency Improvement 12‐15%Savings over vehicle lifetime $2 700Savings over vehicle lifetime $2,700
Fuel cost savings are estimated assuming an average vehicle lifetime of 185,000 miles, a fuel price of $2.58, and an average fuel economy of 21 MPG. All estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred dollars.
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Air Management: Why Charge The Air?
• Engine output is limited by the amount of fuel that can be efficiently burnedefficiently burned.
• The fuel burned efficiently in an engine depends on how much air is inducted.
• Air charging is a method to induct more air into an engine by using a fan or blower to pump the air.
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Turbochargers & SuperchargersTurbochargers & Superchargers
• Turbocharger utilizes • Supercharger is fanTurbocharger utilizes exhaust gas pressure to spin a fan inducing
Supercharger is fan driven by the engine to induce boost to intake
boost to intake air air
Both systems allow a engine to act bigger than it is‐Both systems allow a engine to act bigger than it isa smaller engine, more fuel stingy engine with boost can mimic the power of a larger engine.
Potential efficiency improvement 7.5%S i hi l lif i $1 700Savings over vehicle lifetime $1,700
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Air Management: Why Charge The Air?
Boost Methods:
Super charging
Turbo charging
Inductive resonanceFigures applicable to gasoline engines
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Low Rolling Resistance Tires
How they work:
• Tire rubber has a very high carbon content.
• Carbon molecules rub against each other as the tire sidewall and tread flexes. The rubbing involves friction, which produces h t ( ti f l)heat (wasting fuel).
• LRTs utilize newly developed compounds designed, on a nano level, to disperse the carbon molecules farther from each othercarbon molecules farther from each other.
• Reduces friction by about 15%.Bridgestone’s Ecopia Series LRT
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Low Rolling Resistance TiresTips:
• Rolling resistance accounts for aboutRolling resistance accounts for about 20% of a vehicle’s parasitic friction
• SAE estimates every 10% reduction in rolling resistance improves FE by 1‐2%, but results vary widely
• Using LRT’s can impact fuel economy byUsing LRT s can impact fuel economy by 3‐7%
• Remember! New tires have a higher Yokohama db Super‐E tire is made from
rolling resistance than used tires! 80% non petroleum compounds including Orange Oil and natural Rubber to reduce Carbon content
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Summary
• Energy density is tied to fuel type and determines theEnergy density is tied to fuel type and determines the practical operating range of a vehicle.
• Torque & horsepower are a function of “stroke”.• Efficiency is a function of compression ratio (among other• Efficiency is a function of compression ratio (among other
things).• Efficiency is also determined by the “Stoichiometry” of
combustion (BSFC)combustion (BSFC).• Many new technologies are available to improve fuel
economy. Many of these carry upfront costs.• Gearing increases torque but costs fuel and increases wear• Gearing increases torque, but costs fuel and increases wear
and tear.
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Driver BehaviorDriver Behavior
Have we trained people to driveHave we trained people to drive economically?
Do we remind them how important it is?Do we remind them how important it is?
Do we evaluate?
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Primary Factors Affecting Fuel Economy: Mass
• Cut weight! Carry only what is needed onboard.
Primary Factors Affecting Fuel Economy: Mass
g y y• Specify the lightest vehicle for the intended purpose. 5 passenger sedans are not needed for 1‐2 passengers• Lighter vehicles can use smaller engines and drive trains• Lighter vehicles can use smaller engines and drive‐trains
Graphic: Wikipedia
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Primary Factors Affecting Fuel Economy:Speed
• All frictional losses increase with speed, primarily air drag
• Most efficient speed for passenger car is 30 MPH. FE drops approximately 4 mpg f 10 h ifor every 10 mph increase above 30. Curve flattens above 80 mph
(source SAE “AE” April, 2010)
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Primary Factors Affecting Fuel Economy:Acceleration
• Think of acceleration as overcoming rest inertia
Fuel flows during various operating modes
Mode Flow in grams/second
Acceleration
inertia.• Think of cruising as
conserving inertia.A i
OFF 0
Idle 0.28
• An engine may use up to 85% of its power capability to accelerate a vehicle
Moderateacceleration 5
(.2 g)accelerate a vehicle but only uses 5‐10% to cruise.
• It takes a lot of fuel to
Light (.1g)Acceleration 3
It takes a lot of fuel to accelerate a vehicle. WOT (.5 g) 10
2010 Ford Fusion, 2.5L L4 w/ automatic transmission
“ ” l
Isaac NewtonGraphic: Wikipedia
Data: SAE “AE” April, 2010
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Find Your Sweet Spot & Stay ThereAlways maximize time spent in top gear
Center RPM in the “sweet spot”Center RPM in the sweet spot
Minimize brake usage. Use engine braking or coast. Remember no fuel is delivered during deceleration
Avoid the “WOT” operating mode. WOT uses >16 gal/hr of fuel in a passenger car
Minimize on‐board friction including the electrical load
A/C can reduce FE by 20%! For every 5 mph over 60, your fuel efficiency decreases by 7% !!
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Fuel Economy: Driver TrainingFuel Economy: Driver Training
• Drivers learn by doing – 2‐hour in classroom and on road training
• Participants drive a 15‐minute course on city streets using a vehicle equipped with a fuel flow gauge. Eachusing a vehicle equipped with a fuel flow gauge. Each driver makes two trips. The first time instructed to drive as usual, and the On the second run, training team coaches the driver on fuel‐efficient drivingteam coaches the driver on fuel efficient driving techniques. The gauge provides a continuous estimate of the fuel being used, which enables the driver to see first‐hand how different techniques can reduce fuelfirst hand how different techniques can reduce fuel consumption.
http://fleetsmart nrcan gc ca/index cfm?fuseaction=docs view&id=municipal edmontonhttp://fleetsmart.nrcan.gc.ca/index.cfm?fuseaction=docs.view&id=municipal‐edmonton
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Good Driving HabitsGood Driving Habits
• Avoid jack‐rabbit starts, • hard braking, • high‐speed driving,• Reduce idling. When waiting for more than a minute, turn offReduce idling. When waiting for more than a minute, turn off
your engine.• Around town, turn your air conditioner off and roll down the
windows. At speeds of 40 mph or more, roll up your windows p p , p yand turn on the air conditioner to reduce drag.
• Use four‐wheel drive only when necessary. Engaging all four wheels makes the engine work harder and increases crankcase glosses.
• Inflate your tires to the recommended pressure. Check tire pressure at least once per month.
• For more tips and information about fuel conservation, visit www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/driveHabits.shtml.
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Fuel Saving Driver Training ProgramsFuel Saving Driver Training Programs
• GreenDriver full‐service e‐learning and certification program focused solely on driver behavior. Online course –based on industry best practices and fact‐based studies –keeps fleet drivers engaged as they learn ways to reduce
th i f l tmanage their fuel costs.• Networkfleet, which provides telematics products, is also
working with fleets to monitor driving habitats and d i t t k t t i MPGencourage drivers to take steps to increase MPG.
• Advanced Driver Training Services (ADTS), which helps fleets reduce crash rates through training and services, is
ff i li "D i i G "now offering an online "Driving Green" course.• Wheels, a comprehensive fleet management services
company, offers fuel‐smart driving tips to fleet drivers h h i f i i i i h lthrough a variety of existing communications channels.
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Summary
• All are under control of the driver/operator,
• Driver’s need to be trained to find the vehicle “sweet spot” and stay there,
• Consider reduction of A/C usage and other non‐Consider reduction of A/C usage and other nonessential electrical loads such as lighting,
• Education and feedback are keyEducation and feedback are key.
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Preventative MaintenancePreventative Maintenance
Tire pressure FiltersElectrical loadTire pressure
Non‐payload weight
Filters
Oil quality/viscosity
Electrical load
Aero‐dynamics Alignment Brake drag/bearings
Tips for keeping your car is shape at:
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/maintain.shtml
Tips for keeping your car is shape at:
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FiltrationAll fil i i l i f f l d l i• All filters are critical items for fuel economy and longevity.
• Energy used to draw fluids and gasses through a restricted filter will reduce fuel economy.filter will reduce fuel economy.
• Manufacturer recommendations do not take severe operating conditions into account.
• High ambient dust levels quickly restrict filters.
• Vehicle filters include:
F l‐Fuel
‐Air
‐Engine Oil‐Engine Oil
‐Hydraulics (steering, PTO, etc)
‐TransmissionAir filter monitor works by measuring restriction
‐HVAC
‐Final drive (trucks & equipment).
gthrough the air filter
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Filtration‐You Get What You Pay For
O t f l filt l j t t• One stage fuel filter only rejects water and only active on one layer
• Two stage filter both repels AND
Graphics courtesy Bosch
g pabsorbs water, active on the filter and supporting mesh
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Fluids
• All fluids age during use.
• Engine oil undergoes the greatest wear• Engine oil undergoes the greatest wear.
• As oil ages, viscosity increases.
• More energy required to pump the oilMore energy required to pump the oil through the engine,
• Will affect the ability of the piston rings l i h di i f lto seal with a direct impact on fuel
economy,
• Oil becomes acidic and acquiresOil becomes acidic and acquires moisture, forms polymers that restrict flow, Catastrophic engine failure due to
ring failure caused by aged & • Aged oil will shorten engine life. diluted oil
Graphic: Chevron Oil Co.
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Tires & Alignmenth f h• The tire is a part of the suspension
system.• It converts kinetic energy to heat.• The lower the tire pressure, the more
heat is produced as a result of sidewall flex.
• This heat energy comes from the fuel.• As the vehicle goes down the road,
the suspension system is designed to “d ” h i li h l Thi i“drag” the tires slightly. This is necessary to maintain good handling characteristics and is why tires wear outout.
• “Dragging” the tires requires energy which can reduce fuel economy.
• Vehicle alignment changes over time• Vehicle alignment changes over time and should be checked regularly.
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Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) & Fuel Economy
• If soot is found at the tailpipe the DPF is defective & fuel
ill l teconomy will plummet.
• Technical staff and drivers need to be trained on DPF theory & operation.
• DPF’s must be carefully ymonitored for successful regeneration.
S f ti• Success of regeneration largely determined by drive cycle.
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Selective Catalyst Reduction versus Electronic Gas RecirculationGas Recirculation
• SCR is the leading technology that ll di lallows diesels to meet current NOxstandards.Th th lt ti• The other alternative is use of massive EGR.
• SCR better fuel• SCR‐better fuel economy but more equipment & maintenance.maintenance.
• EGR‐ reduced fuel economy but no urea tank & catalysty
• Urea = Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
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Summary
• Optimum fuel economy cannot be achieved without quality maintenanceachieved without quality maintenance
• Emission control systems also require scheduled maintenance procedures bescheduled maintenance procedures be implemented
• Be sure technicians receive great training• Be sure technicians receive great training and feedback
• Increased costs for training and service• Increased costs for training and service frequency can be offset by improved fuel economy!economy!
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AccountabilityAccountability
Do you know where your fuel goes?
Are you efficient?Are you efficient?
Do you have a Green Fleet Policy?
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A Green Fleet:A Green Fleet:• Will have state of the art engines, CRD & GDI. Up f f h h l i ill b k i f lfront costs for these technologies will payback in fuel efficiency & reduced emission of CO2.
V hi l ill b i d tl f th i E t• Vehicles will be sized correctly for their use. Extra mass burns extra fuel!
• BUT if the engine is too small for the job it will waste• BUT‐ if the engine is too small for the job it will waste fuel and increase emissions! Keep it in the sweet spot!spot!
• Will have well trained and motivated drivers & technicians.
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Fleet AssessmentFleet Assessment
• Identify the vehicles in your current fleet.• Analyze the purpose of those vehicles.• Chart the use of the vehicles (i.e. look at miles driven),R d f l• Record fuel usage,
• Determine what environmental goals are you trying to achieve – for example: save money, reduce petroleum consumption, reduce criteria pollutants,
• Review vehicle replacement and purchasing policyReview vehicle replacement and purchasing policy – predicting how many vehicles will be replaced or added on.
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Green Fleet PoliciesWhat: Policy will indentify the goals your organization hopes to
accomplish, and lays out the mechanisms and metrics required to meet the desired goalsrequired to meet the desired goals.
How do we adopt a “green fleet” policy?• Option 1: (From the top) Pass a City/County wide ordinance,
or enact an executive order, that codifies the “green fleet” process and delegates specific responsibilities within local government to take actiongovernment to take action.
• Option 2: (From the bottom) Establish internal departmental or agency fleet policies, which are clear and carry sufficient weight with departmental or agency headsweight with departmental or agency heads.
• Option 3: (Hybrid of 1 & 2) Pass a resolution that serves as enabling legislation for establishing a “green fleet” policy, and then work out the details of the policy at the departmental orthen work out the details of the policy at the departmental or agency level.
Sample Ordinance template at: www.cleanaircounts.org/content/Green%20Fleet%20Policy%20Ordinance.pdf
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Establish group and plang p p
• Review current fleet &Successful transportation Review current fleet & maintenance procedures
• Develop option list to reduce
Successful transportation assessments involve the:
Fleet manager p pfuel use and fleet‐based emissions
Maintenance manager
Vehicle Technicians
Purchasing director• Research specific products and services
Purchasing director
Facility planner
Administrative leader
• Explore existing incentives and grants
Vehicle users
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StrategiesStrategies
• Procurement specifications to encourage more efficient p gvehicles and full life cycle costing,
• Rightsizing of vehicles,Eli i i f ld hi l h h d• Elimination of older vehicles or those that are used infrequently,
• Implementation of driver training and idle‐reductionImplementation of driver training and idle reduction program,
• Utilization of software programs and other tools to i fl t ffi iincrease fleet efficiency,
• Developing a green fleet policy, setting clear goals and schedule to assess progress.sc edu e to assess p og ess
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Recognize Success
bl h h h• Establish a mechanism that recognizes petroleum reduction efforts.
• Recognition should include everyone on the team from o nership thro gh fleetownership through fleet managers to technicians and operators.
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Resources for economical choices:
• http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/FEG2000 h/FEG2000.htm
• http://www epa gov/smartway/• http://www.epa.gov/smartway/
• http://www.fueleconomy.gov/FEp // y g /G/atv.shtml
With permission, Automotive News & Leo Michael
Thanks for your kind attention!This presentation available at:
With permission, Automotive News & Leo Michael
pwww.altfueled.org