fuel system 10
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Fuel systems(Carburetor)
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•To meter the liquid fuel as required by the engine
•Atomize the fuel and mix it with the air stream
•Enable the engine to run smoothly in all engine operating conditions.
Function of the carburetor
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Pa = P
!P = P "P# P#
Aair
Afuel
$ %hanging
Aair &Afuel ''
(imple %arburetor
Throttle opening
!P
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(imple %arburetor problems
)dling circuitAcceleration *+esponse time,
%hoc- *%old starting,
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%arburetor )dle circuit and mix
adustment
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/ariable 0et %arburetor
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)nta-e (ystem of a 1asoline )nternal
%ombustion Engine with a Two23arrel
%arburetor
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# 4
Air
# 4
Fuel
Assumptions5• )ncompressible flow• 6o 7eat transfer • Frictionless flow
• 6o external wor-• 8istance between 9enture inlet and
throat is negligible
%alculation of F&A ratio
A. For air
Apply 3ernoulli equation between and #
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
22 gZ
V P gZ
V P ++=++
ρ ρ
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# 4
Air
# 4
Fuel
)1....(..........2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
221
21
V V P V V P P
a
a
a
a
−=→−
=−
∴
==
ρ ρ
ρ ρ ρ
Apply continuity equation
factor approuch A
AWhere
A
A
P
V
A
AV
P
A
AV V
P
in From
A
AV V V AV A
a
a
a
a
a
a
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
22
2
2
1
22
2
2
2
1
221222111
1
1
2
122
12
)2....(..........
−
−
∆
=∴
−=
∆→
−=
∆→
=→=
ρ
ρ ρ
ρ ρ
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# 4
Air
# 4
Fuel
→=
− 11
2
1
2
A
A
)f A::: A#
a
a P
V ρ
∆=
2
2
Actual 9elocity5)f %a = flow coefficient
%a = /a,act & /a,th
%a ; < /#,act ; /#,th
ass flow rate5
aaaa
aaaa
a
a
aaaaa
P C
P C
P C V AC m
ρ ρ
ρ ρ
ρ ρ ρ
2
2
2
22
∆=
∆=
∆==
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f
a
f
a
f
a
f
a
f
a
P
P
A
A
C
C
m
m
F
A
∆∆
==∴
ρ
ρ
# 4
Air
# 4
Fuel
3. For Fuel
f f f f f P C m ρ ρ 2∆=
(imilarly as air