fuels for commercial vehicles present and future challenges and … · 2018-03-19 · volvo...

Fuels for Commercial Vehicles – Present and Future Challenges and

Opportunities

Anders Röj

Combustion Technologies - Fuels

Powertrain Engineering

Volvo Group Truck Technology

EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels

New Delhi, 6th - 8th March 2018

Volvo Technology CorporationFuels and Lubricants, Anders Röj


Trucks – Buses - Construction Equipment – Marine - Industrial Engines

- Brands: Volvo, Renault Trucks, Mack, UD, Terex Truck, Prevost, Nova Bus

- Alliances and joint ventures: SDLG, Eicher, Dongfen.

The Volvo Group



EU emissions legislation - On-road vehicles…fuel quality improvements, 3000 ppm 10 ppm sulphur


Typical EATS system for Euro VI

DOC = Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

DPF = Diesel Particulate Filter

SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst

ASC = Ammonia Slip Catalyst

DO

C

DPF SCR

Diesel

(7th injector)

Oxidation

of CO, HC

Filtration

of PM

Reduction

of NOx

Oxidation

of NH3

AS

C

Clean!

NOx sensor,

PM sensorUrea


Volvo Technology CorporationFuels and Lubricants, Anders Röj EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels

Importance of Fuel Quality

The fuel is an engineering element - an essential part in the engineering process

- choice of materials: metallic materials, polymers, lubricants…- the fuel properties dictate limits for engine calibration andoptimisation: emissions, power output, driveability….

The fuel has to be an integrated part of the quality assurance system

- technical functionality and performance: we have a responsibility towards our customers

- emissions: no deterioration over engine life (in-use compliance)- warranty issues

Volvo Technology CorporationFuels and Lubricants, Anders Röj EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels

Importance of Fuel Quality

How to secure good performance over the whole vehicle

life time?

- vehicle manufacturers to give clear instructions on what fuel(s) to use

- our customers should always use specified/recommended fuels.

- the fuel marketers (oil-companies) should always and everywhere

provide good quality fuels.

Key to success:

standardisation & international harmonisation


World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC)Fuel harmonisation and quality improvements

The world automotive industry’s guiding

document describing improved and

harmonized market fuel quality

- gasolines and diesel fuels

Latest version of the WWFC was issued in

September 2013. Work has started on next

revision, targeted to be released late 2018

Available for download at www.acea.be

Gasoline and diesel fuel quality in five quality

levels (Category 1,2,3,4,5), matching emissions

and other performance requirements


http://www.acea.be/



Fuels for the futureHow should the alternatives be evaluated?

Sustainability and sustainable availability

Well-to-wheel energy efficiency and CO2 emissions

Well-to-wheel regulated and unregulated emissions

Economy & infrastructure

Other considerations– energy density

– safety and health (fuel handling)

– specific issues/concerns related to the different driveline applications (trucks, buses, marine, stationary)

– political environment

– customer perceptions


CO2-emissions “well-to-wheels”

Base-line for the comparisons: standard diesel fuel (EN590)

Only fossil CO2 is considered

“CO2-eqvivalents: methane and N2O included


Well-to-wheel CO2 for different fuels & pathways


Main Volvo fuel options for the future:

- Methane fuels: biogas, natural gas (CBG/CNG, LBG/LNG)

- DME (dimethyl ether): bio-based or fossil

Other alternatives of interest (“drop-in” fuels):

- HVO, Synthetic diesel (GTL, CTL, BTL) and FAME low-blends are

handled within normal engine development and normally covered by

general market fuel standards (EN590, EN15940)

- higher FAME-content fuels (B20…B30 …B100) may be of interest for

dedicated applications (fleets)

- legal compliance has to be secured, particularly for Euro VI

(“universal fuel range type-approval”)


Volvo Alternative Fuels (1)

”new” engines

required

equal or close

to ”business as

usual”


Volvo Alternative Fuels (2)


Long distance applications

LNG (MethaneDiesel) and DME are the main

alternatives. Dynamic electric charging is an

additional alternative long term.

Medium distance applications

LNG/CNG and DME are the main alternatives.

Dynamic electric charging is an additional

alternative long term.

Urban applications

Electricity, CNG and DME are prioritized


Gas at ambient temperature, liquid at 5 bar (like LPG)

Can be produced from natural gas, coal or

biomass, directly or with methanol as an intermediate

step

High well-to-wheels efficiency; >90% fossil

CO2-reduction when produced from biomass

Genuine diesel fuel (cetane rating >50)

Limited modifications to conventional diesel

engine set-up (fuel injection system)

Soot-free combustion (no carbon-carbon bonds)

Potential for very low NOx while maintaining high

efficiency with less need for complicated exhaust

aftertreatment

DME (Di-methyl-ether)



Methane Fuels

Liqufied (LNG/LBG) or compressed (CNG/CBG)

Volvo is launching trucks running on LNG/”bioLNG”

- FH and FM models, compression ignition (diesel combustion, 420 /460hp

- same efficiency as corresponding diesel fuelled models

- LNG: 20-25% lower CO2 than for diesel fuel

- bioLNG: can be almost free from fossil CO2

Operating range up to 1000 km



Electrification

Volvo Buses is strondly into electrification

- hybrid buses since 2009

- electric hybrid

- full electric

Trucks is also joining the electrification path, first

models announced for 2019


Fuel & CO2

reduction

Total Energy

reduction

Hybrid 25 - 39% 25 - 39%

Electric Hybrid 75% 60%

Fully Electric 100% 80%

*opportunity charging


A move to non-fossil fuels will come

when profitability levels are viable

Political decisions will be needed

– Long term vision

– Short term incentives

Important principles

– Energy efficiency and GHG

– “Work done” principle

– International perspective

– Harmonization and standardization

– Stable and predictable legal

conditions

– Specifications for new fuels


“Commercial vehicles are used under commercial and competitive condition”


Thank you for your attention!


fuels for commercial vehicles present and future challenges and … · 2018-03-19 · volvo...

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