full report exp2
TRANSCRIPT
Abstract
This report discusses about Continuous stirred tank reactors in series for sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate to prodius sodium acetate. It involves the study about how the conductivity is measured to indicate the conversion of the reactants to products with time. Inaddition this report will determine the reaction rate constant to produce the products.
Table of contents
Title Page
Abstract 1
Table of contents 3
List of Figures and tables 5
List of Symbols 6
Introduction 7
Experimental Details 8
Results 9
Sample of calculations 14
Discussion 17
Conclusion and Recommendation 18
References 19
Appendices 20
2
List of Figures and Tables
Title Page
Figure 1 6
Figure 2 6
Figure 3 13
Figure 4 13
Figure 5 14
Table 1 7
Table 2 7
Table 3 10
3
List of symbols
Fa The volumetric flow rate of NaOH [mL/min]
Fb The volumetric flow rate of CH3COOH [mL/min]
V Volume of the reactor (mL)
a0 The initial conentration of NaOH in the reactor [mol/dm3]
a1 The steady state concentration of NaOH in the reactor [mol/dm3]
aµ The concentration of NaOH in feed vessel [mol/dm3]
a∞ The concentration of NaOH after infinite time [mol/dm3]
at The concentration of NaOH after time t [mol/dm3]
∞ƛ Conductivity of the solution after infinite time (mS)
ƛ˳ The initial conductivity of the solution (mS)
ƛ1 The steady state conductivity of the solution (mS)
aƛ NaOH conductivity (mS)
c∞ƛ Sodium acetate conductivity (mS)
K Reaction rate constant
Xa NaOH conversion
C∞ Concentration of sodium acetate after infinite time [mol/dm3]
T Temperature [K]
4
Introduction
In all industries production, reactors are considered to be the most important equipments inorder a reaction would undergo to produce products at a requested time with good quality expected. CSTRs allow for the continuous production of the desired chemical with less accumulation of not needed products.
One of the most common reactors are the Continuous stirred tank reactors in series. Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) are open systems.It operates in a steady basis which means that the reator don’t change with time. Reactants are continuously introduced into the reactor, while products are continuously removed. CSTRs are very well mixed, so the contents have relatively uniform properties such as temperature throughout.[1] This experiment involves a reaction between Sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate to produce sodium acetate and ethyl alcohol.
CSTR is a helpful way to do a reaction which eventually reaches steady state. Most of the CSTR are connected to the computers which gives the readings everything that goes in the reaction. The readings show the conductivity of the reactants and the products formed. Inaddition from the readings we can conclude the variation in the reactants’ conversion with respect to time and hence to determine the reaction rate constant.
The reaction that has been done is shown by this reaction:
NaOH +CH3COOC2H5 ------------> CH3COONa + C2H5OH
5
Experimental Details
Apparatus
Figure 2: CSTR reactor in series [2]
Figure 1: 2000 mL volumetric Flask
Procedures [3]
1) To study the reaction of NaOH and ethyl acetate, 0.05 M of NaOH and 0.05 M of ethyl acetate are preapred using 2000 mL volumetric flask.
2) NaOH solution was filled in the reagent vessel 1 and Ethyl acetate in the other reagent vessel.
3) Adjust the temperature controller to 25 °C and the pump speed to 60ml/min flow rate for each reactant.
4) Set the agitator speed to 7.00 and switch on the hot circulator.
5) Use the IFD channel history window to monitor the progress of the reaction.
6
Results:
Data tables and Graphs
Table 1: The calculations for equation 4 to 8 are based on steady state of the conductivities
a ˳ ƛa0 ƛC∞ a1 ƛa1 ƛC∞ a3 ƛa0 ƛC∞ 0.02
8 5.82 2.15 0.0241 5.29 2.15 0.0204 4.81 2.15
Table 2: Shows the conductivity and concentrations for Tank 1, Tank 2 and Tank 3
Time (sec)
Conductivity 1
Conductivity 2
Conductivity 3 a1 (mol/dm3) a2 (mol/dm3) a3 (mol/dm3)
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.0164 -0.0165 -0.016510 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.0164 -0.0165 -0.016520 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.0164 -0.0165 -0.016530 0.31 0.00 0.00 -0.0140 -0.0165 -0.016540 1.82 1.41 0.00 -0.0025 -0.0057 -0.016550 2.44 3.32 0.00 0.0022 0.0090 -0.016560 2.98 4.12 0.00 0.0063 0.0151 -0.016570 3.78 5.13 0.00 0.0124 0.0228 -0.016580 4.44 5.75 0.00 0.0175 0.0276 -0.016590 4.93 6.22 0.00 0.0212 0.0312 -0.0165
100 5.56 6.46 0.00 0.0260 0.0330 -0.0165110 5.76 6.47 0.00 0.0276 0.0332 -0.0165120 6.01 6.53 0.00 0.0294 0.0336 -0.0165130 6.04 6.47 0.00 0.0297 0.0332 -0.0165140 6.03 6.42 0.00 0.0296 0.0327 -0.0165150 6.02 6.35 0.00 0.0295 0.0322 -0.0165160 5.99 6.30 0.00 0.0293 0.0318 -0.0165170 5.98 6.24 0.00 0.0292 0.0314 -0.0165180 5.95 6.21 0.00 0.0290 0.0311 -0.0165190 5.94 6.13 0.00 0.0289 0.0305 -0.0165200 5.91 6.09 0.00 0.0287 0.0302 -0.0165210 5.90 6.06 0.00 0.0286 0.0300 -0.0165220 5.89 6.02 0.00 0.0285 0.0296 -0.0165230 5.87 5.97 0.00 0.0284 0.0293 -0.0165240 5.85 5.93 0.00 0.0282 0.0290 -0.0165250 5.83 5.91 0.00 0.0281 0.0288 -0.0165260 5.82 5.88 0.00 0.0280 0.0286 -0.0165270 5.80 5.84 0.00 0.0279 0.0283 -0.0165280 5.78 5.80 0.00 0.0277 0.0280 -0.0165290 5.77 5.76 0.00 0.0276 0.0277 -0.0165300 5.75 5.73 0.00 0.0275 0.0275 -0.0165310 5.75 5.70 0.00 0.0275 0.0272 -0.0165320 5.72 5.68 0.00 0.0273 0.0271 -0.0165330 5.71 5.65 0.00 0.0272 0.0269 -0.0165
7
340 5.70 5.63 0.00 0.0271 0.0267 -0.0165350 5.69 5.61 0.00 0.0270 0.0265 -0.0165360 5.67 5.57 0.00 0.0269 0.0262 -0.0165370 5.66 5.56 0.00 0.0268 0.0261 -0.0165380 5.65 5.53 0.00 0.0267 0.0259 -0.0165390 5.65 5.50 0.00 0.0267 0.0257 -0.0165400 5.63 5.48 0.00 0.0265 0.0255 -0.0165410 5.63 5.46 0.00 0.0265 0.0254 -0.0165420 5.62 5.44 0.00 0.0264 0.0252 -0.0165430 5.61 5.41 0.00 0.0264 0.0250 -0.0165440 5.59 5.40 0.00 0.0262 0.0249 -0.0165450 5.58 5.38 0.00 0.0261 0.0248 -0.0165460 5.57 5.37 0.00 0.0261 0.0247 -0.0165470 5.56 5.32 0.00 0.0260 0.0243 -0.0165480 5.55 5.32 0.00 0.0259 0.0243 -0.0165490 5.53 5.30 0.00 0.0258 0.0242 -0.0165500 5.51 5.28 0.00 0.0256 0.0240 -0.0165510 5.50 5.27 0.00 0.0255 0.0240 -0.0165520 5.51 5.25 0.00 0.0256 0.0238 -0.0165530 5.50 5.23 0.00 0.0255 0.0237 -0.0165540 5.48 5.22 0.00 0.0254 0.0236 -0.0165550 5.48 5.21 0.00 0.0254 0.0234 -0.0165560 5.47 5.18 0.00 0.0253 0.0232 -0.0165570 5.44 5.17 0.00 0.0251 0.0231 -0.0165580 5.44 5.16 0.00 0.0251 0.0231 -0.0165590 5.42 5.15 0.00 0.0249 0.0230 -0.0165600 5.42 5.13 0.00 0.0249 0.0228 -0.0165610 5.42 5.12 0.00 0.0249 0.0228 -0.0165620 5.41 5.13 0.00 0.0249 0.0228 -0.0165630 5.40 5.10 0.00 0.0248 0.0226 -0.0165640 5.40 5.09 1.99 0.0248 0.0225 -0.0012650 5.39 5.09 3.39 0.0247 0.0225 0.0095660 5.37 5.07 4.31 0.0246 0.0224 0.0165670 5.37 5.07 4.60 0.0246 0.0224 0.0188680 5.37 5.06 4.68 0.0246 0.0223 0.0194690 5.35 5.05 4.65 0.0244 0.0222 0.0192700 5.36 5.05 4.64 0.0245 0.0222 0.0191710 5.35 5.04 4.62 0.0244 0.0222 0.0189720 5.35 5.03 4.61 0.0244 0.0221 0.0189730 5.35 5.01 4.61 0.0244 0.0219 0.0189740 5.34 5.01 4.58 0.0244 0.0219 0.0186750 5.33 5.01 4.56 0.0243 0.0219 0.0185760 5.34 4.99 4.56 0.0244 0.0218 0.0185770 5.32 4.99 4.55 0.0242 0.0218 0.0184780 5.32 4.99 4.53 0.0242 0.0218 0.0183790 5.33 4.98 4.53 0.0243 0.0217 0.0183800 5.32 4.97 4.51 0.0242 0.0216 0.0181810 5.32 4.96 4.50 0.0242 0.0216 0.0180820 5.31 4.96 4.49 0.0241 0.0216 0.0180830 5.31 4.94 4.48 0.0241 0.0214 0.0179
8
840 5.32 4.94 4.47 0.0242 0.0214 0.0178850 5.31 4.94 4.45 0.0241 0.0214 0.0177860 5.31 4.93 4.45 0.0241 0.0213 0.0177870 5.31 4.93 4.44 0.0241 0.0213 0.0176880 5.31 4.93 4.43 0.0241 0.0213 0.0175890 5.30 4.91 4.41 0.0241 0.0212 0.0174900 5.30 4.92 4.41 0.0241 0.0213 0.0174910 5.31 4.90 4.40 0.0241 0.0211 0.0173920 5.30 4.90 4.39 0.0241 0.0211 0.0172930 5.30 4.89 4.38 0.0241 0.0210 0.0171940 5.30 4.89 4.38 0.0241 0.0210 0.0171950 5.30 4.89 4.38 0.0241 0.0210 0.0171960 5.30 4.89 4.37 0.0241 0.0210 0.0170970 5.28 4.88 4.36 0.0239 0.0210 0.0169980 5.30 4.87 4.36 0.0241 0.0209 0.0169990 5.29 4.87 4.35 0.0240 0.0209 0.0168
1000 5.29 4.87 4.34 0.0240 0.0209 0.01681010 5.29 4.89 4.33 0.0240 0.0210 0.01671020 5.29 4.86 4.33 0.0240 0.0208 0.01671030 5.29 4.85 4.34 0.0240 0.0207 0.01681040 5.27 4.85 4.32 0.0238 0.0207 0.01661050 5.30 4.85 4.31 0.0241 0.0207 0.01651060 5.29 4.87 4.31 0.0240 0.0209 0.01651070 5.29 4.85 4.30 0.0240 0.0207 0.01651080 5.30 4.85 4.30 0.0241 0.0207 0.01651090 5.29 4.85 4.29 0.0240 0.0207 0.01641100 5.29 4.84 4.29 0.0240 0.0207 0.01641110 5.29 4.84 4.29 0.0240 0.0207 0.01641120 5.29 4.84 4.27 0.0240 0.0207 0.01621130 5.30 4.83 4.28 0.0241 0.0206 0.01631140 5.29 4.83 4.28 0.0240 0.0206 0.01631150 5.29 4.84 4.26 0.0240 0.0207 0.01621160 5.29 4.83 4.26 0.0240 0.0206 0.01621170 5.28 4.83 4.25 0.0239 0.0206 0.01611180 5.29 4.82 4.26 0.0240 0.0205 0.01621190 5.30 4.82 4.26 0.0241 0.0205 0.01621200 5.29 4.82 4.25 0.0240 0.0205 0.01611210 5.29 4.82 4.24 0.0240 0.0205 0.01601220 5.29 4.81 4.24 0.0240 0.0204 0.01601230 5.30 4.82 4.23 0.0241 0.0205 0.01591240 5.29 4.81 4.23 0.0240 0.0204 0.0159
Table 3: Shows the conversion of the reactants for Tank 1 , Tank 2 and Tank 3
9
0 1.5858 1.6841 1.8083
10 1.5858 1.6841 1.8083
20 1.5858 1.6841 1.8083
30 1.5007 1.6841 1.8083
40 1.0909 1.2366 1.8083
50 0.9206 0.6276 1.8083
60 0.7742 0.3729 1.8083
70 0.5560 0.0528 1.8083
80 0.3751 -0.1460 1.8083
90 0.2421 -0.2952 1.8083
100 0.0718 -0.3697 1.8083
110 0.0159 -0.3760 1.8083
120 -0.0506 -0.3946 1.8083
130 -0.0613 -0.3760 1.8083
140 -0.0560 -0.3573 1.8083
150 -0.0533 -0.3356 1.8083
160 -0.0453 -0.3200 1.8083
170 -0.0427 -0.3014 1.8083
180 -0.0347 -0.2921 1.8083
190 -0.0320 -0.2672 1.8083
200 -0.0240 -0.2548 1.8083
210 -0.0214 -0.2455 1.8083
220 -0.0187 -0.2299 1.8083
230 -0.0134 -0.2144 1.8083
240 -0.0081 -0.2020 1.8083
250 -0.0027 -0.1957 1.8083
260 -0.0001 -0.1864 1.8083
270 0.0052 -0.1740 1.8083
280 0.0106 -0.1616 1.8083
290 0.0132 -0.1491 1.8083
300 0.0185 -0.1398 1.8083
310 0.0185 -0.1305 1.8083
320 0.0265 -0.1243 1.8083
330 0.0292 -0.1150 1.8083
340 0.0318 -0.1087 1.8083
350 0.0345 -0.0994 1.8083
11
360 0.0398 -0.0870 1.8083
370 0.0425 -0.0839 1.8083
380 0.0452 -0.0746 1.8083
390 0.0452 -0.0652 1.8083
400 0.0531 -0.0590 1.8083
410 0.0531 -0.0528 1.8083
420 0.0558 -0.0466 1.8083
430 0.0585 -0.0373 1.8083
440 0.0638 -0.0342 1.8083
450 0.0664 -0.0280 1.8083
460 0.0691 -0.0249 1.8083
470 0.0718 -0.0093 1.8083
480 0.0744 -0.0093 1.8083
490 0.0797 -0.0031 1.8083
500 0.0851 0.0031 1.8083
510 0.0877 0.0062 1.8083
520 0.0851 0.0124 1.8083
530 0.0877 0.0186 1.8083
540 0.0930 0.0217 1.8083
550 0.0930 0.0280 1.8083
560 0.0957 0.0373 1.8083
570 0.1037 0.0404 1.8083
580 0.1037 0.0435 1.8083
590 0.1090 0.0466 1.8083
600 0.1090 0.0528 1.8083
610 0.1090 0.0559 1.8083
620 0.1117 0.0528 1.8083
630 0.1143 0.0621 1.8083
640 0.1143 0.0652 1.0593
650 0.1170 0.0652 0.5343
660 0.1223 0.0715 0.1892
670 0.1223 0.0715 0.0791
680 0.1223 0.0746 0.0497
690 0.1276 0.0777 0.0607
700 0.1250 0.0777 0.0644
710 0.1276 0.0808 0.0718
12
720 0.1276 0.0839 0.0754
730 0.1276 0.0901 0.0754
740 0.1303 0.0901 0.0864
750 0.1330 0.0901 0.0938
760 0.1303 0.0963 0.0938
770 0.1356 0.0963 0.0975
780 0.1356 0.0963 0.1048
790 0.1330 0.0994 0.1048
800 0.1356 0.1025 0.1121
810 0.1356 0.1056 0.1158
820 0.1383 0.1056 0.1195
830 0.1383 0.1119 0.1231
840 0.1356 0.1119 0.1268
850 0.1383 0.1119 0.1342
860 0.1383 0.1150 0.1342
870 0.1383 0.1150 0.1378
880 0.1383 0.1150 0.1415
890 0.1409 0.1212 0.1488
900 0.1409 0.1181 0.1488
910 0.1383 0.1243 0.1525
920 0.1409 0.1243 0.1562
930 0.1409 0.1274 0.1599
940 0.1409 0.1274 0.1599
950 0.1409 0.1274 0.1635
960 0.1409 0.1274 0.1672
13
Figure 3: shows the concentration changes with time in Tank 1 , Tank 2 and Tank 3.
Figure 4: shows the conductivity changes with time in Tank 1 , Tank 2 and Tank 3 till reaching the steady state.
Conductivity of the reactants in each tank
-1.000.00
1.002.00
3.004.00
5.006.00
7.00
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time (secs)
Co
nd
uct
ivit
y m
S
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3
-0.0200
-0.0100
0.0000
0.0100
0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time (sec)
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mo
l/d
m3
)
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3
14
Figure 5: shows the conversion of the reactants with time in Tank 1 , Tank 2 and Tank 3 .
Sample calculations:
To prepare 0.05 M NaOHEquation 1: Molarity = moles = (0.05) * (2 L) = 0.1 mol Volume
Equation 2: Mass = (0.1 mol )*(40g/mol) = 4 g
To prepare 0.05 M Ethyl acetate
Equation 3:
M1*V1 = M2* V2
11.3 mL* V1 = 0.05*2000 mLV1 = 8.84 mL
Equation 4: Initial concentration of NaOHa =˳ Fa * aµ Fa +Fb
= 77.3 * 0.05 77.3+59.6
= 0.028 mol/dm3
Conversion of the reactants
-1.0000
-0.5000
0.0000
0.5000
1.0000
1.5000
2.0000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time (sec)
Co
nve
rsio
n
Tank 1 Tank 2 Tank 3
15
Equation 5: NaOH conductivity
ƛa0 = 0.195(1+0.0184(298-294))* 0.028 mol/dm3
ƛa0 = 5.86 x 10-3 = 5.86 mS
Equation 6: Final sodium acetate conductivityƛC∞ = 0.07(1+0.0248(298-294))* 0.028 mol/dm3
ƛC∞ = 2.15 x 10-3 = 2.15 mS
Equation 7: NaOH concentration at any time tat = (a∞ - a ) * ˳ ( - 1) ƛ ƛ˳ +a˳ ( - ∞)ƛ ƛ˳
From Appendix A the steady conductivity of 1 is = 5.29 mSƛ a0 = (0 – 0.028) * (5.86 – 5.29 ) + 0.028 = -0.0164 mol/dm3
(5.86 -2.15)
a1 = (0 – 0.0241) * (5.86 – 5.29 ) + 0.0241 = -0.0165 mol/dm3
(5.86 -2.15)
a2 = (0 – 0.0204) * (5.86 – 5.29 ) + 0.0204 = -0.0165 mol/dm3
(5.86 -2.15)
Equation 8: NaOH conversion
Xa1 = a0 – at = 0.028 – -0.0164 = 1.5858
a0 0.028
Xa2 = a0 – at = 0.0241 - -0.0165 = 1.6841 a0 0.028
Xa3 = a0 – at = 0.0204 - - 0.0165 = 1.8083
a0 0.0204
Equation 9 : Reaction rate constant
Volume of the reactor = 702 mL
16
K=Fa + Fb *a - a1˳ V a1²
=77.3 mL/min + 59.6 mL/min * 0.028 mol/dm 3 - (-0.0164) mol/dm 3 702 mL 0.0164² mol/dm3
= 32.19 min -1
Discussion:
The experiment shows the conduction of NaOH has a high conductivity shown from the initial conductivity was 5.82. This is true since NaOH is an ionic compound and has charges therefore it has a high conductivity [4] .The initial concentration of NaOH was calculated to be 0.028 mol/dm3 before the reaction. After switching on the CSTR reactor the conductivity after the
17
reaction of NaOH with ethyl acetate. This shows that the conductivity have been decreasing from tank 1 to tank 2 to tank 3. Tank 1 had a conductivity of 5.29 mS and have been decreasing since the Na had been reacted with ethyl acetate to form Sodium acetate ending up with a conductivity of 4.23 mS. Therefore the conductivity has been decreasing with time as shown in Figure 3.
The concentration tank 1 is decreasing since the NaOH had been reactiong and eventually used up as shown in the readings in table 2, the concentration in Tank 3 0.0159 mol/dm3 as shown in figure 4 , the concentration of tank 3 had the lowest concentration.
The conversion of NaOH at tank 1 is 1.5858 which is the lowest comparing it to the conversion of tank 2 and tank 3 which are 1.6841 and 1.8083 respectively. That shows the percentage conversion of NaOH that had converted to sodium acetate is the highest. As shown in figure 5, Tank 3 it was constant until reaching time 700 s , the conversion had been decreasing reaching a steady state and the reactants concentration are constant.
The reaction rate constant was calculated in equation 9 showing K to be 32.19 min -1 .
Conclusion and recommendation:
This experiment revealed that the conversion of reactants decreases with time and eventually stops, reaching equilibrium and enabling us from finding the rate constant.
18
Inaddition this experiment has shown that the conductivity is dependent on the concentrations of the reactants and the products that formed.
The rate of the reaction was a little bit long which is K to be 32.19 min -1 . If we increased the temperature [5]or increased the concentration of NaOH, the reaction rate constant will be faster per min.
The source error that have effected the result reading in the conductivity is that the apparatus wasn’t clean since an insect was in the tank reactors.
The apparatus should also be thorouly cleaned and covered for coming trials to make sure that no dust particles are trapped inside the reactor since these can affect the result.
The readings would have been more accurate if isolation was covered around the tank reactors to maintain the temperature since the temperature effects the rate constant.
References[1] http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/Reactors/CSTR/CSTR.html -08/04/2014
[2] http://www.qu.edu.qa/engineering/chemical/lab_facilities/che_labIII.php-08/04/2014
19
[3] German-Jordanian university-reaction engineering and heat transfer lab manual- page15.
[4] http://www.nuigalway.ie/chemistry/documents/ssclecture5lfj.pdf
[5] http://bouman.chem.georgetown.edu/S02/lect4/lect4.htm-08/04/2014
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Appendix A
Elapsed
Time
Feed 1 Flowrate
[cm³/min
]
Feed 2 Flowrate
[cm³/min
]
Stirrer
Speed
[%]
Reactor
Temp.
[°C]
Hydroxide Concentration
[mol/dm³]
Acetate Concentratio
n
[mol/dm³]
Tank 1 Conductivity
[mS]
Tank 2 Conducti
vity
[mS]
Tank
Conductivit
[mS]0:00:0
0 14.1 20.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:00:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:00:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:00:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:00:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:00:5
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:01:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:01:1
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:01:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:01:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.000:01:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 0.31 0.00 0.000:01:5
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 1.82 1.41 0.000:02:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 2.44 3.32 0.000:02:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 2.98 4.12 0.000:02:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 3.78 5.13 0.000:02:3
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 4.44 5.75 0.000:02:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 4.93 6.22 0.000:02:5
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.56 6.46 0.000:03:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.76 6.47 0.000:03:1
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 6.01 6.53 0.000:03:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 6.04 6.47 0.000:03:3
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 6.03 6.42 0.00
21
0:03:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 6.02 6.35 0.00
0:03:50 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.99 6.30 0.00
0:04:00 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.98 6.24 0.00
0:04:10 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.95 6.21 0.00
0:04:20 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.94 6.13 0.00
0:04:30 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.91 6.09 0.00
0:04:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.90 6.06 0.00
0:04:50 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.89 6.02 0.00
0:05:00 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.87 5.97 0.00
0:05:10 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.85 5.93 0.00
0:05:20 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.83 5.91 0.00
0:05:30 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.82 5.88 0.00
0:05:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.80 5.84 0.00
0:05:50 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.78 5.80 0.00
0:06:00 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.77 5.76 0.00
0:06:10 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.75 5.73 0.00
0:06:20 77.2 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.75 5.70 0.00
0:06:30 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.72 5.68 0.00
0:06:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.71 5.65 0.00
0:06:50 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.70 5.63 0.00
0:07:00 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.69 5.61 0.00
0:07:10 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.67 5.57 0.00
0:07:20 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.66 5.56 0.00
0:07:30 77.4 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.65 5.53 0.00
0:07:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.65 5.50 0.00
0:07:50 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.63 5.48 0.00
0:08:00 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.63 5.46 0.00
0:08:10 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.62 5.44 0.00
22
0:08:20 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.61 5.41 0.00
0:08:30 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.59 5.40 0.00
0:08:40 77.3 59.8 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.58 5.38 0.00
0:08:50 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.57 5.37 0.00
0:09:00 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.56 5.32 0.00
0:09:10 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.55 5.32 0.00
0:09:20 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.53 5.30 0.00
0:09:30 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.51 5.28 0.00
0:09:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.50 5.27 0.00
0:09:50 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.51 5.25 0.00
0:10:00 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.50 5.23 0.00
0:10:10 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.48 5.22 0.00
0:10:20 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.48 5.21 0.00
0:10:30 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.47 5.18 0.00
0:10:40 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.44 5.17 0.00
0:10:50 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.44 5.16 0.00
0:11:00 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.42 5.15 0.000:11:10 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.42 5.13 0.000:11:20 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.42 5.12 0.000:11:30 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.41 5.13 0.000:11:40 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.40 5.10 0.000:11:50 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.40 5.09 1.990:12:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.39 5.09 3.390:12:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.37 5.07 4.310:12:2
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.37 5.07 4.600:12:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.37 5.06 4.680:12:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.35 5.05 4.650:12:5
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.36 5.05 4.640:13:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.35 5.04 4.620:13:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.35 5.03 4.610:13:2 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.35 5.01 4.61
23
00:13:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.34 5.01 4.580:13:4
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.33 5.01 4.560:13:5
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.34 4.99 4.560:14:0
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.32 4.99 4.550:14:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.32 4.99 4.530:14:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.33 4.98 4.530:14:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.32 4.97 4.510:14:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.32 4.96 4.500:14:5
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.96 4.490:15:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.94 4.480:15:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.32 4.94 4.470:15:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.94 4.450:15:3
0 77.2 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.93 4.450:15:4
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.93 4.440:15:5
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.93 4.430:16:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.91 4.410:16:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.92 4.410:16:2
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.31 4.90 4.400:16:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.90 4.390:16:4
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.89 4.380:16:5
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.89 4.380:17:0
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.89 4.380:17:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.89 4.370:17:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.28 4.88 4.360:17:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.87 4.360:17:4
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.87 4.350:17:5
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.87 4.340:18:0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.89 4.33
24
00:18:1
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.86 4.330:18:2
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.85 4.340:18:3
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.27 4.85 4.320:18:4
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.85 4.310:18:5
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.87 4.310:19:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.85 4.300:19:1
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.85 4.300:19:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.85 4.290:19:3
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.84 4.290:19:4
0 77.5 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.84 4.290:19:5
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.84 4.270:20:0
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.83 4.280:20:1
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.83 4.280:20:2
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.84 4.260:20:3
0 77.4 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.83 4.260:20:4
0 77.4 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.28 4.83 4.250:20:5
0 77.4 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.82 4.260:21:0
0 77.6 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.82 4.260:21:1
0 77.4 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.82 4.250:21:2
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.82 4.240:21:3
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.81 4.240:21:4
0 77.3 59.7 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.30 4.82 4.230:21:5
0 77.3 59.6 100 25.0 0.05 0.05 5.29 4.81 4.23
25
Appendix B
Sodium
Hydroxide
Feed Conc. [mol/d
m³]
Ethyl Acetate
Feed Conc.
[mol/dm³]
Sodium Acetate
Final Conc.
[mol/dm³]
Sodium Hydroxid
e Final
Conc. [mol/dm³
]
Final Sodium Acetate
Conductivity
[mS]
Initial Sodium
Hydroxide Conductivi
ty [mS]
Final Sodium
Hydroxide Conductivi
ty [mS]
Final Conductivi
ty
[mS]
0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 1.58 4.25 0.00 1.580.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.90 1.34 3.04
26
0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.90 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.060.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.05
27
0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.060.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.69 5.92 1.37 3.060.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.36 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.69 5.92 1.37 3.060.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.050.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.34 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.040.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.70 5.91 1.35 3.05
28