Prepared by: Wllliam Kezth Plant 22 Chapel Croft Chelfqrd Cheshite SKI1 9%

Telephone No: 0625.860074

FrQm information given by members Of the Grciup ~~~_-.-- -

CONTENTS -JOURNAL NO. 12

Members of the Group Page 1

Members Interest Page 4

The Plant Famrly and Hattmg Industry m the North West England Page 7

Staffordshire Bunal Index Umce to Wrlliam

The Wandenng Plants by Ms Helen Plant - Member No. 135

Distaff Km of Benfamrn Plant of Sheffield (1742-1806) by Dr John Plant - Member No 52

The Manufacture of Buttons - Late 19th Century

The Drary of John Plant of Havlewood Farm 1 Jan 1851 to 29 March 1851

1851 Census Returns Northwrch Cheshire

Removal Orders and what happened to Mary Plant by Mrs EC Reed - Member No 16

Extracts from Coventry and Lrchfield Drocese Ordmatron Regrster

Page 14

Page 16

Page 19

Page 33

Page 35

Page 39

Page 43

Page 46

-

pdom

1 MISS Linda Lowrey

2 Mr John Plant

4 Mr Cohn W Plant

6 Mr Mtchael Plant

10 Mrs Pamela Plant

12 Mrs LOIS Webb

13 Ms Helen Hilt

15 Mrs Wrnifred Stuart

16 Mrs E C Reed

18 Mr Peter Johnson

20 Mr Anthony David Plant

23 Mrs Judy Wallace

29 Mrs Shrrley Hughes

’ 32 Mrs Cathenne Sproston

33 MISS Arleen Plant

35 Mr Arnold Plant

37 Mr Patnck Pearson

38 Mrs Sian Plant

45 Mr Davrd Johnson

47 Mrs Stella Robson

51 Mr Gerald Plant

52 Dr John S Plant

59 Mr Nrgel Burroughs

65 Mr D J Plant

MEMBERS OF THE GROUP

222 Concessron St Apt 406 Hamrlton. Ontano L9A IBI Canada 101 Clova Road, Forest Gate, London E7 SAG

14 West Road, Bishops Stortford, Herts CM23 3QP

The Coach House, Monyash Road, Bakewell, Derbyshire. DE45 1 FG

London

28 St Pauls Terrace, Hoddlesden, Darwen, Lanes 863 3NP

3 Crofl Close, Meetmg Green, Whrckambrook. Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 8YG

Eastbndge House, Crondall, Farnham, Surrey GUI0 5RH

31 Walton Gardens, Codsall, Wolverhampton WV8 IAH

47 Thorn Road, Hatton Lodge, Runcorn, Cheshrre WA7 5HJ

53 Green Curve, Banstead, Surrey, SM7 1 NS

31 Annre Wood Avenue, North Mackay, Queensland, 4740 Australia

14 Criss Grove, Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SLQ 9HG

Dunge Farm, Over Alderley, Cheshrre

147 Moorland Road, Woodsmoor. Stockport Cheshire SK2 7DP

65 St Peters Close, Moreton on Lugg, Hereford HR4 8DN

Keswick Mrll, Keswrck, Norfolk NR4 6Tf

1 Thornbury, Church Road, Hendon, London NW4 4QW

PO Box 433, Buddma. Queensland, 4575, Austraha

Mrll View, Great Whrttmgton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE19 2HP

6 Bells Hollow, Red Street, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffs ST5 7AJ

Computer Centre, Umversrty of Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG

38 Grrmshaw Road, Peterborough PEI 4ET

45 Pmgate Lane, Cheadle Hulme, Cheadle, Cheshire SK8 7LT

69 Mr Andrew Plant 36 Second Street, Watling Bungalows, Leadgate, Co Durham

71 Mr G Bnan Plant 54 Bean Leach Drive, Offerton, Stockport, Cheshrre SK2 5H.Z

74 Mrs Alrce Doreen Mercer 11 Rover Street, Mmnamurra, New South Wales, 2532, Austraha

75 Mr Mrchael John Plant Crown Hrll House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8JA

85 Mr John E Ransley 18 Rosary Crescent, Hrghgate HIII, Queensland, 4101 Australra

89 Mrs Denise Weston 73 Downsrde Close, Bladford Forum, Dorset DTI 1 7SP

90 Mrs M R Lake 16 Western Avenue, Felixtowe, Suffolk IPI 1 9SB

91 MrFred Faulkner 38 Ervrn Road, Krlsyth, Vrctona 3137, Australra

93 Mrs CordetiaRonclleShields 3548-D South Mrssron, Tucson, AZ 85713 U S A

95 Mrs Lmda S Wheeler 3826 Kendall Street, San Drego, CA 92109. U S A

98 Deanne Rrchards Argyle Herghts, 151 Ramsey Road, RMB 246 Boyanup 6237, Western Australia

104 Mrs LIZ Plant 12 Meadow Lane, Edenbndge, Kent TN8 6HT

108 Mrs Stella Kornfern 65 Lawrence Avenue, New Malden, Surrey, KT3 5LZ

110 Myrtle L Rerd RR2 Hrllsburgh, Ontario, NOB 120, Canada

111 Mr Malt John Plant 38 Faithful Street, Benalla, Vrctona 3672, Australra

113 Mrs Heather Plant 6 Peatmoss Street, Sunnybank Hills, Queensland, 4109, Australra

114 MrJohn Russel lngamellrs Room 41, Resthaven, 336 Kensrngton Road, Leabrook, Adelarde, 5068. South Australia

115 Mrs Pat Hernng 8 Stamer Close, Crewe, Cheshire CWI IGP

116 MISS Joan Plant 12 Grenadier Street, N Woolwich. London El6 2LD

119 Mrs Florence Plant PO 192, Nagamble, Victona 3608, Australra

121 Kathy Compagno 1467 Rrfle Range Road, El Cernto, CA 94530, U S A

122 Mrs Ekabeth A Messer Bearsden. 9 Pmehurst Ave , Mudeford, Chnstchurch, Dorset, BH23 3NS

. 123 Dr Andrew Thomas Plant Threeways Cottage, Prlley Green, Pulley. Lymmgton, Hants SO41 5QP

124 Mr Alan Plant 1 Templar Terrace, Porthill, Newcastle, Staffs ST5 8PN

125 Mr Ronald George Plant 55 Avenll Road, Hrghfrelds, Stafford ST17 9X%

2

127 Mr WIllram T Plant

129 Mrs Denise North

131 Mrs Jean Walpole

132 MISS Lmda Walks

134 Mrs Hlllary Bell

135 Ms Helen Plant

136 Mrs Joyce E Shaw

138 Mrs Jean D Ray

139 Mrs Judrth Kukby

140 Mrs J Bateman

141 Mr Malcolm Revel1

.- 142 Mr Hugh Middleton

143 MISS Freda Lawrence

144 Mr Ron Plant

145 Mr Graham Wrngfield

146 MISS J A Rrgby

298 Newhampton Road West, Wolverhampton, West Mrdlands WV6 ORS

4 Rose Ave. Burnley, Lanes BBI 1 2JX

40 Fredenck Rd., Cheam. Surrey, SMI 2HR

41 Arnold St, Derby, DE22 3EW

4 Westfield Drive, Honeyborough. Milford Haven, Pembs, SA73 ISB

241 Mt Ommaney Dnve. Mt Ommaney. 4074 Queensland Austraha

319 Chapel Lane, Coppull, Chorley, Lanes, PR7 4LY

124 Lyth HIII Road, Bayston HIII, Shropshm?, SY3 OAT

53 Mersea Avenue, West Mersea, Colchester, Essex CO5 8JL

52 George Frederick Road, Sutton Coldfield, West Mrdlands 873 6TP

22 Melton Road, North Fermby. East Yorkshire HU14 3ET

123 Larchheld Road, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 2SJ

‘Brades’ Lower Penkndge Road, Acton Trussell, Stafford ST17 ORJ

8 St Peters Walk, Yaxley, Peterborough, Cambs PE7 3EY

34 Hereford Road, Buxton, Derbyshire

176 Reads Avenue, Blackpool, Lanes FYI 4JP

3

MEMBERS INTERESTS

MembershIp Name

1 N?Mrss Lmda Lowrey

2 Mr John Plant

4 Mr Cohn W Plant

6 Mr Michael Plant

10 Mrs Pamela Plant

12 Mrs LOIS Webb

13 Ms Helen Hill

15 Mrs Wmifred Stuart

16 Mrs C Reed

18 Mr Peter Johnson

20 Mr Davrd Plant

23 Mrs Judy Wallace

29 Mrs Shirley Hughes

32 Mrs Catherine Sproston

33 MISS Arleen Plant

35 Mr Arnold Plant

37 Mr Patnck Pearson

38 Mrs Sian Plant

45 Mr David Johnson

47 Mrs S Robson

51 Mr Gerald Plant

52 Dr John S Plant

59 Mr Nigel Burroughs

65 Mr D J Plant

e19c Macclesfield, Cheshrre/mlQc Holhngwood - Darwen Lanes/

General

IQc North Staffordshrrel

Any penod South Staffs/North Worcs/

elQc Stockport Cheshire/

e19c Macclesfield CheshrrelmlQc Hollmgwood + Darwen Lancsl

e19c Ayrshtrelml9c Rowley Regrs Staffs/ LlQc Cradley Staffs/

Any penod Cheshuel

L18c e19c North Staffordshire/

LlQc Manchester Lancs/lQc Mrd Cheshrrel

Pre IQc Clowne Derby/lQc Doncaster Yorksl IQc Notts Il9c Cheltenham Glosl

18~ + 19c Nottingham/

L17c + 18~ Rowley Regrs WorcsllQc Dudley WoroslLlQc Sydney Austrahal

Any Penod Cheshire/

17~ 18~ 19c Stockport Cheshire/

General/

Any period Stockport Cheshire/

elQc Denton LancsllQc Leicester/ 2Oc Rounds Northants/

1 QC KIdsgrove/

General/

m19c Goostrey CheshrrelLl9c e20c Salford Lancsl

l9c Sheffield YorkslelQc Clowne DerbyshIre/

L18c 19c Burslem + Longton Staffs/

Any period Cheadle Staffs/

4

69 Mr Andrew Plant Ml& + MlQc Little Bowden and Market Harborough/ 19~ London

Any period Cheshrrel

1 QC LercestedLlSc Nottmghaml

e19c ShropshirelelSc Cheadle Hulme Cheshrrel

1% + 19~ StaffordshIre/

Any period Fenton + Cheadle + Longton Staffs/

m18c Suffolkl

Any Penod Yamfield + Stafford/

IQc Stafford/any perrod Connechcut USAI

17~ Stafford/any penod Connecticut USAI

19c Eckmgton DerbyshIre/

17~ + 18~ + e19c Wolverhampton/

Ll9c Wrsbech Cambs/LlQc Battersea London/

Ll9c + e20c Darlaston + Walsall + West Bromwrch, Staffs/

Any penod Srbsey Lrncsl

LlQc Hackney Middlesex/

1 Bc Lincsl

e19c Ashley StaffslLlQc Wheelock Cheshire/

el9c Bristol/

LlQc Staffordshire/

L18c + elQc Bnerley HilllelSc Old Swrnfordl 17c + 18c Rowley Regis/

Ll QC Cheadle Staffs/

18~ + IQc NorthantsllSc RutlandllQc Hants + CambslLlQc + e20c Bedfordshrre

General Staffordshrrel

e20c Rugeley Staffordshue/

18~ + e19c North StaffordshIre/

19c West MIdlands/

71 Mr G Bnan Plant

74 Mrs Ahce D Mercer

75 Mr M J Plant

85 Mr John E Ransley

89 Mrs Dentse F Weston

90 Mrs M R Lake

91 Mr Fred Faulkner

93 Cordella R Shields

95 Lmda Shields Wheeler

._ 98 Deanne Rrchards

104 Mrs Liz Plant

108 Mrs Stella Kornfern

1 IO Mrs Myrtle Rerd

111 Mr Malt John Plant

113 Mrs lleather Plant

114 Mr John Russel lngamelhs

115 Mrs Pat Herring

116 MISS Joan Plant

119 Mrs Florence Plant

121 Kathy Compagno

122 Ehzabeth Messer

123 Dr Andrew Thomas Plant

124 Mr Alan Plant

125 Mr Ronald George Plant

127 Mr Wrlkam T Plant

129 Mrs Demse North

5

e

131 Mrs Jean Walpole

132 MISS Lmda Walks

134 Mrs Hillary Bell

135 Ms Helen Plant

136 Mrs Joyce E Shaw . .

138 Mrs Jean Ray

139 Mrs Judith Kirkby

140 Mrs J Bateman

141 Mr Malcolm Revel1

142 Mr Hugh Middleton

143 MISS Freda Lawrence

144 Mr Ron Plant

145 Mr Graham Wmgtield

146 MISS J A RIgby

m19c Wolverhampton Staffordshire/ LlQc CambeMrell, Surrey/

Any penod Pottenes. Staffordshire/

19c Haslmgton, Cheshire/

Pre 1826 Hanley Staffs/

Pre 1881 Leek Staffs/l881 onwatis Manchester + Salford

19~ Sheffield

Pre 1850 Macclesfield Chesl

Pre 1900 StaffordshlrelPre 1900 Worcestershlrel

18 + IQc Burlsem + Longton + Stoke on Trent Staffs/

e 20 c lslingtonl

IQc Staffordshire/

General/

19c Lower + Higher Whitley + Llttle Legh, Cheshire/

Pra 1900 Stoke on Trent, Staffs/

l

6

THE PLANT FAMILY AND HATTING INDUSTRY IN THE NORTH WEST OF ENGLAND

Chanter 2 WIlllam Plant Wood Block and Woodcraft Manufacturers 67a Great Ancoats Street Manchester

Lllock makmg, William Plant, 1975

The followmg artrcle was written by Chfford Cross and publlshed In 1977 by Stockport Museums and Art Gallery Service Recreation and Culture Dlvlslon

It IS now be@ reproduced by kmd permlsslon of Stockport Heritage Services

7

Wrlham Plant, Hat Block and Wood Craft Manufacturers, 67a Great Ancoats Street, Manchester, ceased producbon on Monday, 1 March 1976. when the last propnetor, Mr Walter Plant of Stockport, who had been actrvely engaged m hrs trade almost unhl that date, died at the age of 91 years

In 1828 Walter’s grandfather, Wrlham Plant, founded a busmess of Hat Block Makmg m part of Churchgate MrII. Stockport, durmg a penod when hat making was still very much a hand craft, carned out In wrdely dispersed small workshops and m the houses of the workers Change was, however, proceedmg farrly raprdly and the manufacture of sulk and cotton fabncs and hats was takmg place more and more in larger factory units and becommg concentrated m specdic regcons

On the assumpbon that Manchester would be more centrally sttuated for hrs busmess, in 1850, Wrlham Plant and Sons removed to premises off Rochdale Road, where a prosperous business was estabhshed and which conhnued until 1947

The Increased acbvrty and mechanisation generated by the mdustnal revoluhon In the latter half of the nineteenth century encouraged William Plant and Sons to dtversrfy their range of products and to include in addrtion to Hat Blocks, “Dishes Matrices and Machmery used in producmg the shapes of Hats and Caps”, with an assurance always that “there was personal supervision of the work m every detarl”.

In 1892, Walter Plant’s father, Wilham Plant, a son of the founder, left the famtly firm and started up a hat block workshop of hrs own in Hilton Street, Manchester, moving to a three

. storey premises in Great Ancoats Street nine years later. Walter, who was 16 years of age at this time, loined his father and elder brother William in the busmess The firm William Plant, Wood Block and Woodcrafl Manufacturers, was to exist for three quarters of a century and witnessed many changes in the hatting industry

HATTING AND THE HAT BLOCK

Stockport and drstnct was a recognised centre of the felt-hat trade as early as the erghteenth century, and until the middle of the nineteenth century a large proportion of the hat bodies, or hoods, were formed in domestic workshops These were sold to local dealers who in turn drsposed of them to the fashionable London hatters for finishing Inevrtably, from the domestic workshops, small factones evolved which possessed the capacrty to manufacture hats from start to ftntsh As the century progressed the factory units became larger as machinery, whrch replaced some of the hand processes, was Introduced The Amencans were proneers rn the producbon of hat-making machinery and Christy & Co purchased and installed a variety of such machines in 1869 III their Hillgate factory This action appears to have encouraged local engineers to manufacture similar machmes and as a consequence of an acceleration rn mechanisation, the hat trade proliferated rn Stockport and many stzeable firms emerged In addrhon to Chnsty’s these mcluded Sutton & Torkmgton, Battersby’s, Carnngton’s, Ward’s and Lees, whmh were to become renowned in markets throughout the world for the quality of then hats.

The hattmg mdustly under factory condrbons became concentrated withm a restncted number of areas in Bntam -the prmcrpal centres bemg Luton, famous for straw hats, Denton. Hyde and Atherstone for felt hats, and parts of Manchester for caps Stockport manufactured on a large scale a wade variety of hat types (excludmg ‘Straws’), hrgh quality men’s headgear bemg a partrcular feature whrch included ‘Beavers’, ‘Sulks’, ‘Felts’ and ‘Velours’ Cloth caps, firemen’s and policemen’s helmets and, in more recent years, ndmg hats, uniform hats and ‘sporty’ tweed hats were also included in the range There IS now little or no demand for some of the ongmal styles, but production of most of the range still continues The ladles’ hat trade was also important in Stockport, but because of the ‘fashion factor, thus sector was much more volahle and consequently more mdrvtduahshc Felt shapes manufactured by some of the firms were purchased mamly by mrlhners as a basrs for their ever changing creahons

8

In 1892 there were forty-five firms m the Stockport area hsted, rn Kelly’s Directory of Cheshrre, as Hat Manufacturers Thousands of people were dependent upon these firms either drrectly or mdrrectly for employment The volume of trade fluctuated considerably from thus date unbl the end of the 1939/45 war. after which a penod of relahve prosperity was experienced following a series of export dnves mounted by the hatters in the late 1940’s The boom, however, drd not last The weanng of hats declined and fashion became more and more mformal Shortage of orders brought about a senes of closures and amalgamated still further to form the Associated Bnhsh Hat Manufacturers Lrmrted. occupymg Chnsty’s former works m HIllgate, Stockport, and thus becommg the largest hattmg orgamsation m Western Europe

At present, the trade IS represented in this area only by Denton Hat Co Lrmrted, Associated Bnhsh Hats in Stockport wdh a subsidiary tn Denton. and Messrs Rowland Ratchffe Limited, Stockport In consequence, hat block making has dechned proporhonately

In recent years, however, hat makmg rn Stockport in Its streamlmed form has made somethmg of a come back as it responded to dramabc changes in the market and an increasing demand for hats of a more specraltsed nature - ndrng hats, unrform hats, and tweed cloth hats and caps now popularly worn for leisure acbvrbes The Bowler, the Tnlby and the Top Hat are now luxuries and no longer provide the ‘bread and butter’

Apart from mdrvrduals hvmg in the areas previously mentioned, who have been associated in some way with hattmg, very few people possess even a basrc knowledge of the mtncacies of

.- the trade and the drverse and often highly skilled processes involved during the penod from when the raw materials amve at the factory unhl the fmished hat IS ready for drspatch.

The wooden hat block IS an implement which plays a most vital role dudng the manufacture of all hats and brims, whatever the shape or srze It IS used during the later stages in production when the roughly formed hat shape IS placed upon Its appropriate block and subjected to a process of pulhng and shrmkage rn which steam figures prommently. Thus the crown of the hat IS moulded into Its fmal recogmsable form and proceeds from thus stage to be timshed If a particular style incorporates a bnm, a separate wooden frame or block IS carved to accommodate thus

THE HAT BLOCK AND HATTING

Wooden blocks when rn use are subfected to extremes m envrronmental condrtions, mcludmg penods of prolonged contact wrth water, steam and sometimes acids, whereas at other hmes they are allowed to dry out completely It IS essenbal, therefore, that the character of the wood from whrch they are fashroned should be capable of withstanding drastic treatment wrthout warping The wood from well grown Sycamore and Alder trees has proved ideal in thus respect and IS used almost exclusrvely for block making Poplar wood IS employed In the production of woql-formmg and shaving cones, and Box wood for some of the small wooden hand tools used for shapmg bnms and crowns, accessories which were also made by block makers

The hmber was selected wrth great care Spectmen trees were particularly desirable and masslve Sycamore and Alder trunks, oflen up to 18 feet rn length, were purchased from estates I” Cheshrre during the early years, but as hmber of the right type became increasrngly scarce locally, East Anglia became a significant source of supply At one time. the trunks were transported almost to the doors of the workshop by barge vra the Rochdale Canal and later by rarl and road transport Upon arrival at the workshop, the wood was stacked in an outdoor shed for a penod of at least five years to ensure that It was adequately seasoned

Whenever an order was placed wrth Wrlliam Plant’s for a senes of hat blocks of a parhcular type, under normal crrcumstances productron was carned out rn the following sequence.-

1 A seasoned trunk or plank was cut mt,o roughly equal sections of an appropriate Size by means of a large circular saw

9

2 Each mdivrdual sechon was roughly shaped and tnmmed on a small crrcular saw

3 One fact of each section, which was to become the base of the fmished block, was smoothed off on the planmg machme

4 From the now partrally shaped sections of wood, one was selected to sculptured into a ‘pattern’ block from whrch the senes of blocks, each of a different srze. was to be copred

5 Usmg data, a model hat supphed by the manufacturer, and simple mathematical technrques, the oval shape of the crown of the hat was drawn upon the base of the ‘pattern’ block

6 A hole was bored by the dnlhng machine mto the base of the block to enable tt to be screwed on a lathe

7 The block was turned on the lathe to produce as near as possible the &mate shape

8. The final touches were applied on the bench by hand This was the stage at which skull and expenenca in the use of a wide variety of chrsels, gouges, spoke shaves and templates was required ._

9 The finished block was finally ‘sanded up’ on a lathe

10 The ‘patter’, usually designed for a hat size 7, was placed into posibon on the copying machme alongside a rough block sbll at stage (7) This machine produced from these blocks a finished arbcle identical in shape to the ‘pattern’ and to any srze within the required range Normally, men’s hats were manufactured in nine srzes rising from 6’: m eight’s to 7’12 Five srzes were offered to ladies, although more recently these have been reduced to three - small, medium and large

.

THE WORKSHOP

The William Plant workshop, and the tools and equipment it contamed. changed httle throughout Its long extstence When it was establtshed m 1892, block copymg machmes manufactured in Vermont, U S A , by Gilmans, had already been introduced into Bntam William Plant acquired two of these machines which obviated the necessity for every hat block to be mdividually sculptured by hand Only one in any particular series - a ‘pattern block - had now to be produced in thts way The machines took care of the rest and output was thus increased considerably.

Doubtless the mulhfanous hand tools and ponderous cast-non saws, planer, drill. sander and lathes m the workshop appear mcongruous at the present bme when hght, electrically powered tools are avarlable and would be adequate for most of the operatrons mvolved in hat

I- block productron Durmg the latter half of the nineteenth century however, quality and durabrhty were of paramount importance The fact that the same machmes were stall operatmg efftcrently almost a hundred years later, and showmg httle srgn of wear and tear, IS a fittmg tribute to the proneers of the lndustnal Revolution

Dunng the early years the machmery was dnven, vra a system of line shafts and pulleys, by a stahonary steam engine of srmrlar vintage to the ‘Tangye’ now installed in the reconstructed workshop Later, however, thus engine was replaced by a much more convenient electnc motor

Although many of the larger hatting firms had block makmg sechons of their own, such was the volume of work at times, that a substanhal proportion of this busmess had to be sub contracted out to the independent workshop, and pnor to 1914 William Plant employed a workfprce of up to nine men After the First Wartd War, trade slackened and thus Was reduced to five. unhl latterly only Walter Plant and hrs assrstant, Bert Gurden. remamed

IO

Bed started work at the age of fourteen as an apprenhce m 1923, and apart form a break for war servrce durmg 1939/45. was employed contmuously by the firm until It closed down He IS now enfoymg a well earned rebrement

The hundreds of different blocks whrch were to be found m every nook and cranny of the Ancoats Street workshop rllustrate the evolutron of hattmg rn a very novel and sohd way The blocks provtde evidence of many styles whrch are now long forgotten, in addition to classrc types whrch WIII always be remembered Many styles have assumed hrstoncal srgmficance in their own right The sola topee, a symbol of the Bnbsh Emprre. was commrssroned In thousands by the Government durmg the 1914/18 war m an attempt to protect the troops tightmg in the Middle East from heat stroke, IS one example Other hats were made famous by outstandmg personages such as Wmston Churchrll, Anthony Eden and General Montgomery, to name just a few

Blocks for all these were produced by ‘Plant’s’

The craft of wooden hat block makmg hngers sbll

Associated British Hat Manufacturers Limited employ a block maker It IS difficult. however, .- to envisage that the production of blocks on a large scale wrll ever agarn be resumed

The frame or bnm block was fashroned enhrely by hand rn all Instances The ]rg saw cut out the oval of the head shape and the block was finished on the sanding bench

Two marn categones of block were generally in productron rn the workshop -

a) When the crown of a hat narrowed or remained parallel from its base, takmg as an example a ‘Bowler’, the block was made in a single piece. as was Its associated frame or brim block

b) If, however, the apex of the hat crown was larger rn crrcumference than the base, as in the case of a cap or tam-o-shanter, or If. as rn some styles of stlk hat, the crown was warsted. the block was made rn five pieces which could be held together or drsmantled durmg the shapmg process as requrred

THE MEASUREMENT OF A HAT

To the layman, the manner rn which the size of a hat IS determined and the measurements used are nothing less than a mystery

Usmg a bowler hat as an example, the parhcular stze of a hat IS calculated as an average of the length of the base of the crown and Its wrdth In a hat know as a 1’12 oval, the length

.- would be 1’1s Inches longer than the breadth and a srze 7 would be 73/4 x S”/, The largest block produced by Walter Plant was for a hat ordered by the Kmg of Tonga rn the size of 8’/4

Although the unit inches IS Inferred, It IS never referred to by hatters

The story of thus parhcular branch of the Plant Family wrll be contmued in subsequent Journals

WKP note - For members living m the North of England It IS worth visiting The Museum of Hattmg m Stockport (see next page) Included m the Museum IS a sectron dedrcated to Wrlham Plant’s Hat Block Workshop

A 20 mtnute documentary ftlm has been produced of Wt8iam Plant’s workshop, detarls of film berng shown on’ page 13 14

11

WORKS @j The Museum of Hatting - Stockport

Cope and see [he UK’s only _=.-,..muse~nLde~i~~t~d to the

hatting industry!

dirorlring M@hinery

@rn Wh;te’s Shop

Wilbam Plagt’s Hat Block ~~~rl<shop

; 9~ -,, ’

Audio Visual: Room

‘&fad I-latter’S Tea Room

Stocklj,ort Metropolitan Boroubh Council 2.

WORKS

The Museum of Hatting - Stockport Stockport now has the UK’s fKst Museum of

Hattmg, with the largest pubhc collection of working hatting machmery and tools.

Recently restored to working order the machinery collectton pro\ldes a noasy and excrtmg encounter with the town’s industrial past. Also on display zre fascinating exhibits, which show how hats have featured m working lwes, music and the -ht.

movies. Spend sotnc time m our audio visual room to

learn more ahout the hatting Industry and the museum. After your viislt, why not join Ahw and the Hatter in the Mad Hatter’s Tea Room, and buy your souvenirs from the excellent gift shop?

open Sundays lpm - 5pm Admission: Adults El.95 Concessions El.00 Group visits by appoiotment

For further mformation, contact Stockport Museum on 0161-474 44GO or Hat Works itself on 0161480 2432 (Sundays only)

12

Hat Block IVlaker A 20-minute documentary film about an old local trade has been produced ‘ointly by Stockport Museum and the Manchester Film and Video Workshop. fhis report from the Workshop.

\c.wn*,,y ch*ngn,g \,y,L..\ or W,IIIILI,~\ lhL\L dll,lL”” ‘W,d~ll”“\ ,hc ,kdl and 9, w.,, hh w.dhq! I”,,, .I “‘W wnrld” wy, Bert Curden dcwibblg hlr In, day II, Pbxx’s h.n hlor!. l~c,“ry I” IY22 Vmwn 01 d,c hlm tiu Bkxk Maker (Open Eye Fzlm3 May well feel lbc wmc way ,thou, ,hn 2ll.ml”urc docu- mcn,ary him II). they e”,cr IIK by-g”“c world 01 W,,h.m~ Pl.m,‘r work\hop. “5 “K,O‘,d” s,Kb”lcry dnuc” by IC,I,IlCr hcllr on pulley \y~cmz upparemly dcqncd hy Hcrlb R”bt”so”

A I!I.I”LC 4 .,“Y nrc. ?“d World War go”; pho,ogrJpil &~I, “wrly cvcry- trnc wcdring .I II&, up “r bmtoc, A, tbc \l.trt of tl,,r U/m-k Mu~cr. .,~c,,,vc luo,- a&c (kindly suppbcd by ,hc Nurtl, WC\, I‘d”, Arcbw) ~lIu\~r.“c~ ,I,,\ pa,“, Slowly. ,llC C,,“,CT., p&In\ “YCF d ,‘)J,‘\ luolll.dl crowd WdILhI”L: *I l”L”, “ldl‘ll Every hcud IS covcrcd Iry ,hc sa”,c char ,odaya,,hcS,rc,f”rdE”da”d,t”,u hrly ask be, ,hd, bare he&. wdl be ,hc order of the day.

Wedu PI.,“,, YI-year-old “wncr al ,hc h‘“, I\ >Lcx, worL.tng ulongs,dc UC<, .md hc crbtr;r dlcx x”,““c”,a ‘To gc, A ,,,cL dLl lkkc WC get. you’ve to, 10 pcrwdc ,bc wood Do”‘,r,ar, ,o,am”. do” , star, ,o be clumsy wdh I, I, wdl rnpo”d,oyou~lyou’vego,avsrydcver hand I, ,OYCS Lo bc stroked ‘* As the wcwcr wa,chcs the makmg al a su”ple crown block and a m”re mlrtcalc 5 p,ccc ‘at,, Ibknk. ,hc vovzcsalBcr, and Walrcr IJO on to dcwnbc o,hor aspccLs of thwr LT.& zncludtng ,bc dccbnc of ,hc lradc .u,d ul hard work, workmg rclam~. ,h,p, tra,“,“g and Sk,,,,. The A,“, was rho, nb”“, 6 years ago Shortly ancr- w.,rd, Wal,crd<cd and ,bc Br”,wc”,o”, ol bunncss This presontcd a red problem for ,be prc4uccrs. Cmby P”‘W. Keeps 81 Skxkpal M”scum, and J”h” CNmplon of Ihc Manchcsler Fdm “nd “,dco Workshop “We hat- crlly had a Rlmwh~bwasal~lcral record olvsr,our mhnd proccsw I, bad no, has hot ar d documc”,ary I” fbc normnl senscof,ha, word. WC wshcd 10 expand ,hc SuhJcct arca of rhc film and pu, I, I” the confex, of the hatting mdmtry and IU dcchnc I” ,hc norlb wcu ‘* Cwwquc”,ly. .~hwc film and p,,,,,ogr.,phs wcrc ,radcd. addmondl ,,,,CNl‘WrWl,h Bcr,--llic”“lys”rvmn~ w”r6~r-wcrc worded and cxxr~ film hmgc h, “WC ,hc” fcl, ,bd, WC wcrc ,n 4 ,w\moo to prcrcnt u more rounded wcv ol Plant’> o”fpul .’ llle film ,,ch,LvC\ a fine b.da”cc bctwcc” ,hc lcchntcd, ~nd,amdlc,cmc”,swl,h,“,, I, ,s a sad and mo”,“~ ,cs,lmo”y 10 a” md”,,ry whose dcmwo was brough, dwu, by ~,,hng dcmund and ,bc advc”, u, ,,,.,L,-prw,ucl,on. bu, I, 13 no, wlho”, I,, ,hgh,cr n,omc”b. “You cd”P huy .B ,,a, 0‘ a Lap ,Q nt you ““VI- “mans BC‘l ‘They ,“,,I nut a S,LC 7. you take 7%. you put II on and $,*I bkc a p”“plc on a mmnt,ltn You buy wha, [hey calI a Ihrgc one nnd I, drops on your .h”“,dcn ’ .,

In ,hc edrly p.w, 01 thn cc”,“ry. Ancoatr. whcrc ,hc f.,c,urywas lacaad. was B hwe of mduwy Lade” barges lhrangcd ,bc Rocbd.,,c can.,,. ,,a”,\ rumbled down Circd, Ancuurs Swcc,. worktng pcoplc crnmmcd ,bc ar,cr~“l b,xk s,rcc,\ The myndd wwtiwrkcrs ““d cabxnc, maker\. I” cvcry avadablc ymc. carncd Anwdb m ndmc-The T”“her,ow” Toduy. ,hc indwnul rcvolu,tan having 1”“~ smcc bee” and gone. ghost town sccmn a nlorc appro- ,malc dcscr,p,lon Pld”,*s fir”, worked wnh wood. praduc~og the woodc” blocks on which ,hc surrou”d”~g hawng manufaclurcrs shaped ,hcw warts- bowlers. rrdbys. loppcn. cap, and ,hc

After d brtcl rcsurgccncc making hclmc, blocks for the forces during ,hc WBF. Phm’s. bkc ,hL bnumg mdus,ry I” b”“C’4. sullerud from ,I”\ Lbd”gC I” fnshio” 11’9 h”rd Lo bcbwc thn, “1 tbc ,r,e ,97,P& w,,cn ,hc bulk “l ,hc film WA\ she, ,bcy wcrc s,,,, ahlc IO ply ,hc,r ,radc rl, it,,. parucularly I” wcw of n”llquu,cd m~chmcry. poor vqcs and bdd working conddwnr

Ben Gurdc”. a, that umea crdflsma” wrh 54 ycnn’ cnlploymc”, a, Pl*“,‘r. recalls. “I, was a wry. wry cold shop There wilz no hca, I” I, a, alI Tbc harder you worked the warmer you go,. You had Lo work bnd to gc, \vx”, ” Dcspltc

aldtc wokhop wcrc gwc” ,oS,ackpor, ~u,cums sCrv~c whcrc they have bee” pardy rcmnrtructcd n” the Muscum a, Vernon Park A wdeo copy of the Ah” can be xc” dady a, 2pm a, the Mwzm. brlngtng rheexhlbtls ,o bfe ThCfilman

P,cI”red m (701 tlrrr Gurde” t,ef,, nnd Wulrer “‘m,“+ Iml “v” surwmg ,w bS”ck mdkm 61 I& mm{, ww,

be booked, [rp Open Eye Fdms. 5 P lnmcs Lxxgh St CC,. Ma”chcs,cr I

13

1721 Mar 1682/3 Feb 1798 May 1696 Mar 1697 Jun 1698 Nov 1807 May 1708 May 1742 Jan 1753 Mar 1767 Mar 1773 Jan 1773 May 1780 Nov 1782 D~C 1784 Jan 1787 Sep 1795 Jan 1795 Jul 1798 Dee 1805 Dee 1809 Jul 1810 Apr 1811 Jan 1811 June 1811 Dee 1814 Apr 1816 Jun 1817 Mar 1817 May 1817 Sep 1818 MaY 1819 Aw 1820 APr 1820 APr 1820 Jun 1820 Aug 1821 Feb 1822 sep 1822 NOV 1823 Feb 1824 act 1825 Jul 1826 act 1827 Feb I a27 Feb 1828 Mar 1829 Jan 1829 May 1830 Feb 1830 NW 1831 Jan 1831 Feb 1831 Feb 1831 Jul

13 9

21 21 6

4 3 12 15 4 IO 21 30 20 4 6

28 5 11 26 10 1

26 3 16 6 18 29 26 22 17 31 24 25 15 17 21 8 16 2 17

P 4 12 16 9

13 14 28 18 16 24 24

STAFFORDSHIRE BURIAL INDEX .

Untce to Wrlham (rnc MISC records) conhnued from Journals 3,4.6, 8, 9, 10 and 11

Uruce dau of John Uttoxeter Walter Uttoxeter Walter Longton Wtlliam son of Edward of Stone Draycott In the Moors Wtllram son of Edward of Stone Draycott rn the Moors Wrlham of Oncoat Butterton Wrllram of Abbots Bramley 42 Checkley Wrlham of Loxley Bramshall Wrllram of Stone Walls Drlhorne Wrlliam son of John Cheadle Willlam, a poor stranger Audley Wrlham 1 Bnertey HIII William Bucknall cum Bagnalt Wtlham, a stranger Longton (Lane End) Wtlham of Loxley Bramshall Wrlham 14 Bnertey Hrll Wrlham of Uttoxeter Bramshall Wtlham High Offley Wrlliam Ashley WrItram son of Wrlham & Sobteskeith IGBnerlev Hrll Wrlham Wrllram Wtlliam age 2 William 17 weeks Wrlham mr Wrllram William of Longport 53 Willtam Hugh Lane Burslem 54 Wtlltam of Over Tean 5 weeks Wrlliam of Darlaston (by Stone) 78 Wrlham of Mill HIII 15 William infant Wtlliam infant Wtlltam 8 John 6 & 4 Wrlham of Outwoods 70 William 7 Willtam 26 Wtlitam of Cross Gate 1 Wrlham 1 week Wrllram 65 Willram of Stone Heath 84 Wrllram HIII Top15 Weeks Willram of Outwoods 57 Wrllram 58 Wrlliam 2 weeks Wtlham Henry of Stone 1 mth Wrllram IO weeks Wrlliam of Winshtll 1 Wrlliam of Market Place 3 Wrlliam 55 Willlam 6 Willlam Infant Wdlram of Oultpn 72 William of Brddulph 79 Willlam of Fenton 14

Burton-on Trent Stafford St Mary Newcastle under Lyme Longton Stafford St Mary Stafford St Mary Burslem St John Norton le Moors Checkley Stone Brddulph Hanley Sandon Warslow Gnosall Longton Wolverhampton Fulford Stafford St Mary Longton Fulford West Bromwrch All Saints Gnosall Wolverhampton Stafford St Mary Eccleshall Newcastle Under Lyme Burton on Trent Stoke on Trent Uttoxeter Cheadle Burslem St John Stone Leek Stoke on Trent

14

1831 Dee 30 1832 Jan 17 1832 APr 14 1832 May 10 1832 Jun 3 1832 Nov 11 1 a33 Am 8 1833 May 29 1833 act 31 1837 Jun 5 1729 Aw 2 1776 Aw 27 1712 Feb 9 1653 Aw 2

Wllham of Penkhull poorhouse 75 WIlllam Wllham 41 Willtam of Shelton infant WMam of Commercial BulldIngs 63 WIlllam of Tlpton 82 WIlllam 65 William IO William 5 months William 83 Widow Plant Widow Plant of Wheaten Aston Wife of Joseph Plant Infant of John &Susan Plant

Stoke on Trent High Offley Eccleshall Hanley Stoke on Trent Bnerley HIII Hanley Ellenhall Bilston Wesleyan Cheadle Betley Church Eaton Hanbury Dllhorne

15

The following article has been submitted by Ms Helen Plant _ Member No. 135

THE WANDERING PLANTS -FROM CRATE MAKERS IN BURSLEM, THEN GLASGOW TO BUSINESSMEN IN AUSTRALIA

Abraham Plant was baphsed on 25 January 1828 at St John’s Church, Burslem Nothing IS known of hts parents James Plant married Cathenne Omershe It IS presumed that they both came from Staffordshire At the time of Abraham’s baphsm, their address was Yell Grove oBurslem or 7Hanley

Abraham, like hrs father, became a crate maker by trade Thts was quite a thnvrng busmess in earher times, since baskets were used for transporting most goods. Crates or baskets were woven from willow trees and used for packing and carrying pottery that was produced in coprous amounts at that hme m Bumlem Afler the opening up of the pottery mdustry In Glasgow, the famrly moved there, presumably in the 1840’s. Abraham mamed and produced seven chtldren between the years 1851 and 1861

* Wrlham Mrtchell Plant, one of his children, was born accordtng to the Buth Cerhticate, on 15 May 1856, at 75 Fmneston Street, Anderston, Glasgow HIS real date of buth was 29 April 1856, but was not registered within the hme limit, so the date was altered to conformt He was educated at St David’s Parish School and the Bath St Mechanics Instnute. By thts time his father was employing 16 men (a Journeyman) in the crate manufacturing trade so Wrllram was apprenticed and worked m the business till his father’s death He then worked

.- for J & P Coates, cotton manufaoturers of Paisley for 15 years, finally achtevmg the position of sub manager Whrle there he met and marned Jeanie Hall (his first wife Susan Wright, having dred in childbirth, leaving htm one daughter), and the couple became keenly interested m advedrsements announcing that large irrigable tracts of land of special so11 were avatlable for settlers at Mrldura on the River Murray in Austraka

So Impressed were the Plants with thus widespread adverbsing that they decided to buy a 10 acre portion of land, sight unseen, from the Chaffey Bros of Cahfomta, who owned and marketed the land Three years later rn 1892 with four young chtldren and all their wordly goods they set satI In the “Hohenstauffen” (Norddeutcher Lloyd Lme) from Southampton together wrth Wrlkam’s two srsters, their husbands and famrlres who had also bought land under the same scheme

The ship staled by Suez and armed in Adelatde, South Austraha where they disembarked in June 1892, and from there they travelled by ratI to Morgan on the River Murray and thence by Paddle Steamer “Ellen” arnvmg Mildura Vtctona SIX weeks later

Disaster1 The land the family came to settle on was supposed to have been planted with grape vanes etc and returning a small mcome, but the family arrived to see a dry desolate saltbush plain wrth no attempt at cultivatton The Promrsed LandlIt From the Cyclopedta Of Victoria 1905 whrch grves a biography of promrnent citizens of the State “Mr Plant commenced operations by selecting ten acres and thus area has been gradually increased to more than 20’0 acres under frutt and vine culbvahon. hrs output averagmg 1150 tons of dned

_ frutt of vanous kinds Mr Plant IS also a large buyer of citrus fruit, which he packs for the Melbourne Market, trading under the name of Mrldura Frutt Company, the quality of fruit grown and purchased by him being a very consrderable one ” He was instrumental in setting up the Dned Frutts Trust, extended hrs land holdrngs and busmess enterprises In many dtrecttons, even In to owning a gold mute HIS brother, James, came to Australia to vrslt him In 1900, ltked what he saw and returned to Glasgow only long enough to collect hts wife and famrly

Wtlkam Mrtchell Plant became a promment busmessman. entrepreneur, benefactor to many chanhes, owned one of the first motorcars m the area, fathered 12 children. (the last of whom only passed away last year) and helped lay the foundahon to make Mrldura the beauttful city tt IS today - an oasis in the desert

16

One hundred and fifty descendants from all war Australia and New Zealand gathered in Mlldura in 1992 to celebrate the Centenary of the amval of Wllham Mltchelt Plant and family in Australia Sadly only one descendant hves m the area.

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Abraham Plant

William Mitchell Plant

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l

E m a

. CHAPTER12 .

Distaff Kin of Benjamin (1742-1806) by Dr John Plant - Member No. 62

Some Related Contemporaries of SenJamm Plant of Sheffield Moo+ ’

Thus Chapter relates to a bellows maker BenJamm Plant (I e ‘Ben(be//ows)‘) and, for example, his connecbons with a well-documented Ward famrly Fuller accounts of thus Ward famrly have been gtven by others-these make it clear that Ben(be//ows)‘s wrfe, Hannah, was the only sister of Joseph Ward who became the Master Cutler tn 1790, two of Joseph Ward’s sons, rn parbcular, appear prommently in early nineteenth century Sheffield history This and subsequent Chapters adds mformation about Ben(be//ows) grvmg some msights mto his role beyond the tnfonabon which IS provided in a standard book on Sheffield’s history

12.1 The Bellows Maker Benjamin

The bellows maker Bentamm Plant (I e Ben(bellowsJ’ of Chapter 11) IS listed tn a 1774 Directory’ as havmg an address at Coal-pit Lane which was on the SW edge of Sheffield town -this address was near the site of the present Town Hall which IS now near the centre of a vastly expanded Sheffield In 1793 rate books, his various listed properbes sbll mclude 17 houses and shops rn Coal-pit Lane (Chapter 11) though he apparently moved his main base around 1793 to the vicinity of the Little Sheffield site of Plant’s Yard rn (Chapter 10) Little Sheffield, though now regarded as near central Sheffield, had untrl those times been a separate hamlet about a mrle to the south of Sheffield town

Though baphsed rn 1742 at Duckmanton, 10 miles to the south, Ben(be//ows) appears in -- Sheffield pansh church records by 1766 This IS earlier than hrs presumed brother, the

bncklayer John, who was still by around 1770 having his children bapbsed at Rotherham, 6 miles to the north east of Sheffield, pnor to hrs appearance in Lrttle Sheffield In a 1787 Trades Directory entry

The bunal (8 January 1806) of Ben(bellows) IS recorded at the parish church of Sheffield (later the Cathedral) where, accordmg to his will, he owned ‘five wff!ngs’ though no memonal Inscription has been found Ben(be//ows)‘s ~111, which will be drscussed more fully in Chapter 13, makes It clear that he was from the Duckmanton Plant family (as rndrcated In Frgure 12 1) and It also menhons a nephew of hts wrfe, the 1798 Master Cutler Samuel Broomhead Ward (Figure 12 2) whom Ben(be//ows) describes as ‘my friend

12.1.1 Benjamin’s Marriage and Daughters

It seems that Ben(be//ows) moved from Duckmanton to Sheffield. for reasons that are not yet clear though perhaps to hve near an uncle (Chapter 11) and to take up his place in Sheffield’s emergmg mdustry By 1766 he married mto an important Sheffield famrly Ben(bellows) thus became the brother-m-law of Joseph Ward who was to become the 1790 Master Cutler, as IS made clear rn the recorded history of the Ward famrly of Shefheld (e g Peeps into the Past being Passages from the Dary of Thomas Asline Ward ) A more complete pedrgree than that in Frgure 12 2, for this Broomhead-Ward Ashne famrly, has been grven by Joseph Hunter4

’ lncludlng data suppked by Pat Clark of the Local Studlff Centre, Sheffield Civ Llbrarles and Sue Graves of the Mappln $I Gallery

Sketchley’s She~tield D,rectory (IT14) ’ Thrs book, wh7ch relates to Ihe dia$ of Bqamin Plant’s nbphew T A Ward, ,vda ediied by Alexander 6 Befl wth an lntmduction and annolabans by Robert Eadon Leader, It was published by SII W C Leng & Co , Ltd I” 1909 ‘Joseph Hunter. Famrlrae M,no,,,,n Genf,um, Ed John W Clay, London (18942). Hadera” Soc,e,y’s Pubkcatwns

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19

a .^

I)

John brlcklayer 1733-1816 - Figure 14 4 SUttO”CD to Lfttle Shef

8 other children

James yeoman farmer 1740-1825 Sutto”CD

Joseph 1787-7

-Figure 14 5 SUttO”CD to Shef

EenJaml” carpenter 17907-1827 - Flgure 14 5 SuttonCD to Ecclesall B

Benjamin bellows maker 1742-1806 - Ftgs 12 3 and 12 2 sun0ncD to Little Shef

WW) Ag iib 1772-1848 - Chaster 9

w”co, 7-1769 - SuttonCD

-

Thomas farmer 1745.1827 - SUttO”CD to ck3wne

L

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-

-

ClOW”e to Ecclasall B to Shef

last son of Ann (Coldwell)

GeorgePCharles 1802.~78 - Chapter 6 Clowne ?to Shef

8 more children of Mary (Bennett)

Figure 12 1 Some spear kin of Benjamm Plant (1742-1806)

At the 1766 marriage (banns) m Shefheld of ‘batchellcr’ Beqamm (otp”, and spmster Hannah Ward (ctp) both slgned the register as did the four witnesses John Broadbent, Thcs (W/H) (a/u)ll, John Scott and Mary Bayhff though the first two of these were also Witnesses at other marriages and were probably hlred cfficlals

’ Th,s IS an abbreviabon of ‘of fhfs pansh

20

. . Thomas Ward of Sheffield, cutler = Mary Blhlnshaw d 28 May ,783, aged 73- wd of Samuel Broomhea he d,ed, s p , 19 Aug 178f aged 64

Joseph Ward pmwpal hwto Saml Broomhead MC 1790 d tSApnlt820, aged 75 = 1 Ann LfnRt

mew Of i 7 i,

- Benpmrn Brcamhead MC 1784 d 7 Scot 1778.

Hannah Mary Ward Plant d20Feb1812 d 18 Nov 1812. s I) = Benjamin Plant of Sheffield Moor

aged jl = 2 Sarah

dau of William Aslme @h-v b 29 June 1757 d 23 Jan 1829

=, sampsan =2 T,,,, Hancock

Samuel Brwmhead Ward of Mount Pleasant b 24 May 1770 MC 1798 d 27 July 1849. aged 79 =, Hannah. dau of 11 ISSUe

- Jonathan WatkInson - mcludmg Sarah MC 1787 mother of Harrlet d28Feb1803 Countess of Ranfurly aged 27

= 2 Grace, dau of Thos Martlndale of Masham m9Febt809 d 8 Jan 1822

Thomas Asllne Ward Park House b 6 July 1781 m17Nov1814 MC 1816 d26Nov1871.

- aged94 5 Issue = An”, 2nd dau of ,“cl”d,ng Asllne

Samuel Lewn of of New York Hackney and aster of Lady Bowing b 24 Mar 1785 d 27 Dee 1826. aged41 3 other ,ss”e,

- Mary, Sarah & John

Figure 12 2 Some dtstaff ktn of Bentamtn Plant (from Peeps rnfo the Past)

Een(bellowsJ’s bride, Hannah, and her brother Joseph were the chtldren of Thomas Ward (admttted to the Company of Cutlers 28 May 1726) and Mary Btrktnshaw, who was the wife of

.- the childless Sheffield cutler Samuel Broomhead (admttted 29 Jan 1742) Samuel Broomhead was thus Hannah and Joseph’s step-father and he was also an uncle of thus Joseph Ward’s first wtfe, AnnLtnfit. Samuel Broomhead and his pnnctpal heir Joseph Ward lived near The Ponds at the SE edge of Sheffield town, as WIII feature again later (Chapter 13)

In the Sheffield baphsm records for fwo daughters tn 176% and 1772 (Ftgure 12 3) there IS confirmabon that then father Bentamrn Plant was a bellows maker and hence. no doubt, the Ben(bellow.s) who IS found in Coalprt Lane, at least by 1774, and later at the (future) sate of Plants Yard tn Lrttle Sheffield The drary of Ben(be//ows)‘s nephew, T W Ward, menbcns only one daughter (e g , Frgure 12 2) suggesbng that a younger daughter Fanny Plant (bap 1772) may have died young, and Joseph Hunte? also hsts Mary Ward (hap 1768) as Een(be//ows’s only chtld

‘This IS an abbrewatlon of ‘offhfspansh’ ‘Joseph Hunter. Fam 111 Genf , !bld

21

Mary Benlamm (1742-1806) bap 30 3 1768 SHEFFIELD bellwys maker

I

dsp1811 1812 d311806 m(i) 21 7 1788 SHEFFIELD bur0 1 1806 SHEFFIELD Samuel Sampson m 16 12 1766 SHEFFIELD m(2) 16 6 1802 SHEFFIELD Hannah Ward Timothy Hancock d2U21812

Fanny Lup 119 Ii72 SHEFFIELD

Frgure 12.3. Some Sheffield Plant pansh records

In Ben(bellowJ’s 180.5 will, Mary Ward Plants husband IS indrcated to be ‘Timofny Hancock of Sheffiefd Cutrer’, whom she had mamed in 1805’ It seems clear that the Plants consrdered that the Ward connection was an rmportant one and Ben(bellows)‘s 1805 wtll refers to hrs daughter as Mary Ward Hancock, even though double barreled names were rare at that hme

12.1.2 Some apparent associations with Master Cutlers

The 1741 Master Cutler, Rtchard Kent, was on the Company of Cutlers from 1730 to 1750 and he was Master again, following the death of his successor Thomas Rose, from April to August In 1743 Thus Rrchard Kent resided in Coal PIN Laneg

It is interesting to note that these surnames reappear in a deed for Benjamin Plant’s Coalplt Lane property, where W///am Kent and willram Rose are lrsted m 1824 as former occupants (Chapter 14). The Kent famrly was apparently based marnly m Rotherham, 6 mtles to the north east, but some further evvldence WIN be presented in Chapter 14 to support the supposihon that some of the Kents had an assocrahon with Ben(bel/ows)‘s Coalpit Lane

.- property As the name Kent was generally rare rn the area, apart from at Rotherham, Ben(be/low.sj’s Coapit Lane property may hence be considered a lrkely location for the Rich Kent and then the ‘Late Kenfs’ entries, which appear tn Ecclesall property records for 1729- 74. These Kent property entnes are lrsted rn connechon with &‘oom-hall Land and Ben(bellbwsJ was also associated wdh Broom-hall Land givrng, seemtngly, another connection between Richard Kent and Ben(be//ows)

One might wonder rf Ben(be/tows)‘s father, Wrllram Plant of Duckmanton, was at some Stage assocrated wrth thus property, perhaps between the hmes of Rtchard Kent (around 173050) and this w(O)‘s bunal, whrch was apparently rn 1769 at Duckmanton. Een(bellows) may have lived rn Coal-pit Lane from around the times of hs 1766 mamage and, certamly, a 1774 Drrectory lrsts hrm there The change in rate-book entnes from ‘Late Kenfs’ I” 1774 to ‘Late Plant yard’ by 1779 has been menttoned alread (Chapter 11) and the available evidence seems conducrve to a suggestion that ‘Late Kents’ and ‘Late Plant yard’ may have been the same locabon, namely Ben(be//owsJ’s Coalprt Lane property.

’ This Tlmolhy Hancock apparently descended from a kne of Twothy Hancocks reaching back to his grandfather Timothy, who was bapbsed (21 4 1725 at Sheffteld) to a Damei Hancock He was hence nof closely related to the farno* 1763 Master Cutler, Joseph Hancock (171 l-91), who IS wdely know as the ‘Father of Sheftield Plate’ ’ Double Chnstlan names were rare until midway through the etghteenth century and, for example. Samuel Brwmhead

.- Ward was only the second double barrelled Master Cutler In 1798, though double barrelled (lames pryderated for Master Cutlers after 1870 I, I,

’ Hdoly of f/B Company of Cukvs in Hatlamshire #I the County of Yo& Vol 1, by Robert Eadon Leader, 1905

22

It was around Rrchard Kent’s year of office that Thomas Soulsover frrst drscovered the basrc process of formmg Sheffield Plate and Bentamm Huntsman mvented Crumble Steel It was also 1741 when Francts SItwell dred, bequeathmg f400 to be loaned In amounts of up to f5 to rmpovenshed cutlers for up to SIX months, Interest free, on a deposrt of goods to be kept m the Cutlers Company’s store house Thts Francis Srtwell’s nephew burn the substanttal property Mount Pleasant In 1777 and thus was bought m 1794 by Ben(be//ows)‘s nephew S B

_ Ward

Joseph lbberson was Master Cutler m 1759 m whtch year the Company of Cutlers first engaged m co-operative steel makmg. The management of the Company’s new steel furnace rn Scotland Street was lefl m the hands of Joseph lbberson from ‘first heat’ m November 1759 to the begmnmg of 1762” In 1772. after several unsuccessful busmess years, thus co-operabve steel making venture was abandoned”

As WIII be detarled further m Chapter 13, a Joseph lbberson (7-1826) was the rate-payer for the Spurr Wheel m 1793 and this wheel, whrch was m a rural area to the SW of Sheffield. later became known as the lbbotson or lbbemon Wheel Een(be//ows) owned land near the Spurr Wheel, at least by around 1790 and, moreover, he was the rate-payer for the Spurr Wheel m 1802 The name of the 1781 Master Cutler, Peter Spurr the older, mlQht well be related to thts Water Wheel, as IS evrdence below

The evrdence for connectmg the Spurr Wheel wrth Peter Spurr relates to an apparent assocrabon between Benfamrn Plant, who IS known to have been associated wtth the Spurr Wheel, and the Spurr famrly Thus Peter Spurr’s (MC 1781) sister was the wife of Thomas Trllotson (MC 1789) and the Trllotsons, hke Benjamin Plant, were assocrated wrth Coal-ptt Lane, HIghfield and Broomhall Moreover, thus Thomas Trllotson was a fellow officer of Benn(bellowsJ’s brother-in-law, on the Company of Cutlers around 1790 Rather later, the Ttllotsons appear repeatedly m the pubkshed dtanes of Ben(be//ows)‘s nephew, T A Ward (MC 1816) -George Trllotson (MC 1817) who was the brother of John Trllotson (MC 1810),

.- subsequently bought Mount Pleasand at HIghfield from Ben(be//ows)‘s friend and nephew, SB Ward (MC1798) These family connecbons also seem to relate to the ear-her discussed evrdence (Chapter 11) of an assoctabon between Een(be//ows)and the Newbold famtly. who were tenants of the Broomhall Wheel near the Ltttle Sheffield sate of Plant’s Yard One of Thomas Newbold’s (MC 1751) grand-daughters marned Peter Spun the yOUnQeV(MC 1824) of Hrghfreld, whrch was near thus Plant’s Yard sate

It hence seems kkely that Ben(be//owsJ was closely acquamted with at least some of the above menboned Master Cutlers as well as wrth those close relabves of hrs wife who became Master Cutlers themselves Although the step-father Samuel Broomhead of Ben(be//ows)‘s wrfe was not hrmself Master, hrs brother Joseph was fined for refusmg Mastershtp In 1771 and another brother, BenJamm Broomhead, was Master Cutler In 1784 Furthermore, Ben(bel/owsj’s brother-m-law Joseph Ward attamed that posthon In 1790 followed by two of hts sons, Samuel Broomhead Ward (MC 1798) and Thomas Aslme Ward (MC 1816)

II)

0

“The pro!ik for these 3% years were f212 Ss, Id A son of the curate m charge of St Paul’s was apprenbced lo Joseph lbberson in 1760 and, Me any kbarer‘s bay, he took h,s chances workmg for h!s keep and 16, a year. not we” apparel Fang found (Hfsfoiy offhe Company of Cuffers ,b,d. Vol 1, page 49)

There is some ewdence that the wentor of cruclbk steel. Senjamm Huntsman. was approached by the ComPanY 6” 1750 though the man thrust of steel-mabng at that tne was still (hat of the blister steel from Cementation Furnaces. In which complete melbng was not achwed and carbon was diffused Instead into the iron from Its surface In an mhomcgeeous and 1-s rellabk manner The man centre for blister skel was at Newcaslk, some 130 mlks to the north. thougq Sheffield subsequently supplanted at as Ihe p~,,c,pa, steel My

23

12.1.3. Benjamin Plant’s wife’s family

Accordmg to records of 1765 and 1774, Ben(be//ows)‘s wife’s step-father, Samuel .- Broomhead of Pond Lane, was tenant of the Stalker Wheel whrch was about a mfle or more

to the south west of Pond Lane and near the (future) sate of Plant’s Yard at Little Sheffield Thus Samuel Broomhead was subtected to threats as IS revealed m the followmg anonymous letters”

‘You may Please yourself But surely as Day and Night cometh you shall Repent your neglect if m 6 days you do not Lay 100 pounds 2 undergroundjust at Back of 6 f&/e Stone the road to Athersage...’ (6 July 1780)

and agam

‘.. the reason of fhese 3 troublesome letters IS you are able fo Bear the loss . Keep all secret nor fell your most secret fnend nor watch for I shall be armed with 3 loadedpistols. . ‘(18 July 1781)

Thts may have been an early example of the sentiments mvolved in ‘rattenmg’ whereby workers destroyed employers’ machiners13.

The Stalker Wheel was tmmedtately upstream on the Porter Brook from the Broomhall Wheel, whrch was in the tenancy of the Newbould famtly. Samuel Broomhead’s place as tenant of the Stalker Wheel IS taken, tn 1793 rate-books and a 1794 Irst, by Ben(bellowsJ’s brother-m-law Joseph Ward who, as shown m Ftgure 12 2, was the prlnotpal hen to Samuel Broomhead’ In 1794 Ben(be//owsj acquired land stated to be at the Broomhall Wheel and,

I- as WIII be discussed m Chapter 13, an 1802 rate-book mdrcates that ttus land was probably between the Broomhall and Stalker Wheels

A step-uncle of Befl(be//ow)‘s wrfe, BenJamin Broomhead (T-1796, MC 1784), ltved In Fargale in Sheffield and had a warehouse in the ad)ommg Pepper Alley. Thts was about 0 1 mrle to the east of Een(bel/owsj’s Coalptt Lane home, on the southern edge of Sheffield town, and about a thtrd of the way to Samuel Broomhead’s home in Pond Lane It IS not clear whether the brothers Samuel, Benjamm and Joseph Broomhead were closely related to the ‘John’ and BenJamln Broomhead who held the Upper Lescar Wheel, whtch was upstream on the Porter Brook from Ltttle Sheffield towards the Spurr Wheel A 1777 Broomheqd tenancy of the Upper Lescar Wheel is confirmed by records of 1787 and 1794’s There are references to the close Broomhead relabves of Ben(bel/ows)‘s wrfe m the published drary of Een(be//owsJ’s nephew T A Ward

12.2 Some contemporary related History

Ben(be/lows), who had bases near the head and and foot of Sheffield Moor, became known as Benjamrn Plant of Sheffield Moor HIS connechon with Coalprt Lane near the Moor head may have dated from around the 1760’s, by when hrs wrfe’s step-father held the tenancy of the Stalker Wheel near the Moor foot f3en(be/lowsJ apparently did not move his mam base down the Moor to Ltttle Sheffield, however, unttl around 1790. Ben(bellows)‘s and his wife’s famrly’s connecbons with the 1779-88 Eccleshall Enclosure Act have been described already m Chapter 11 and this led on to Sheffield’s grst major expansion of the lndustnal Age, which

.- was on Sheffield Moor

“Peeps info the Past, IbId, page 250 “The emplO~rS were generally called ‘Little Mssfers’to dlsbngulsh them from the Master Cofferhlmself ” A 1794 Jist +cnb.es the Stalker Wheel wdh IO troughs and 14 workers m the te~at?cy or Joseph Ward, under the wnarsHlp of the Rev J&es Wilknwii and PhiIp Gelt. who had mherited in the Broomhall &at& (watei POWer on Sheffield’s Rwers. Ed Davis Crossley. Sheffield Trades H&xlcal So&y and Unlversdy of Sheffield DlVlsiOn of ~ntlnulng Education. Jant Pubhcabon ,989)

Waterpoweron the Sheme,dR/ve,s, lbrd

24

Some further events In Sheffield’s hlstory can be associated with the bellows-maker Benlamm Plant, as outlmed below This Benjamin Plant (1742-1806) appears to have been close to his wife’s nephew, Samuel Broomhead Ward (1770.1849), for example who IS menboned in parbcular below

12.2.1 Early Invention

The earllest two references to Improvements on tradlbonal manufactunng methods, In the records of the Company of Cutlers”, menbon Elkana Roberts and J Fletcher These same names are associated. m deeds (e g Chapter II), with Ben(be//ows)‘s Coal-pit Lane PrwQ

1704-5 Fines & americ/am’s & money givey by persons y’ Invented f3160 new sorts, wz Rob’ Longson, Elkana Roberts & James /fool

1707-8 Of J F/etcher his new Invented sort 100

These apparent ‘fines’ are not as pernicious to mnovabon as might at first appear, as a 1712 parchment makes It clear that they were a sort of patent fee, pald in acknowledgement of protechon against piracy.

12.2.2 The ‘thirteen to a dozen’ controversy

. . The first wife of Ben(be//owsJ’s young friend and nephew, Samuel Broomhead Ward, was a daughter (d 26 2 1803) of the 1787 Master Cutler, Jonathan Watkmson, who acquired an unenviable notonety that was long remembered m Joseph Mather’s popular MUSIC Hall song ‘Watkmson and h,s Thrrteens’ It had been a custom, before Watkmson’s year of oftice, for cutlery workers to keep left-overs ansmg from the fact that 14 blades (a gnnder’s dozen) and 13 handles (a dozen of the horn, wood and bone-scale crafts) were supplied for a dozen knives

A vlvld portrayal of the scathing sabre to which Watkmson’s name was subjected, as a result of his presldmg over this controversy, IS given in the 1920’s handwritten and elaborately illustrated notes of Henry Taton’s Sheffield Vol I on page 53, where he draws a woodcut with a verse

W--d’s THIRTEEN mdlcated by FIVE PENKNIFE CUTLERS

That Monster oppressron behold how he talks Keeps prckrng the bones of the poor as he walks There’s not a mechanrc throughout the whole land But what more or less feels the werghf of his hand That offspnng of tyranny, baseness and pride Ourrights hafh invaded and a/most destroyed May that man be ban/shed who vrllarny screens

._ Ossrdes with brg W--- with hrs thfrteen

Alongside the words In this vltnollo portrayal of S B Ward’s first father-in-law, the Master Cutler of 130 years earher, IS a carved cancature of him m a broad bnmmed hat and brandlshmg a kmfe. saymg ‘I WILL HAVE THIRTEEN’

” Hlstoay of the Company of Cutlers, Ibtd. Vol 1, page 252

7.5

12.2.3 A ‘peculiar favourite of fortune’

An rntereshng snrppet of hstory relates to a list preserved among the papers of Een(be//ows)‘s brother-in-law, the 1790 Master Cutler Mr Joseph Wardn. Thts shows that hrs eldest son, the 20 year old S B Ward (1770-1849), was amongst the 14 peculiar favourites of fortune of 1790

This expresston appears In a contemporary Newspaper account’* whtch records an annual custom of )oyous fesfrvifies’to Inaugurate the master Cutler at whrch he lavrshly entertarned ‘geritleman of the town and neighbourhood at the Cufler’s Ha/t’ The following day ‘an entertafnment equal/y hosprtable and elegant’ was given by the Mrstress Cutler Yo the /ad/es when, accordrng to a singular but long establfshed usage, on/y a few gentlemen, the PECULIAR FAVOURITES OF FORTUNE, will be a//owed to appear In the Company’s rooms, to enJoy the honour of carving on this delrghtfu/ occasion, for an rllustratious bevy of beauty taste and fashron.“’ It was ebquette that 8 of these ‘peculiar favountes’ should be unmarned

12.2.4 Mount Pleasant

Mount Pleasant was just 0.2 mtles south of the Ltttle Sheffield sate of Plants Yard. It was 1794 when the 24 year old S B Ward acquired this 17 year old property near his 52 year old

‘- uncle, Ben(betlows) who had apparently moved just shortly before to live at the Ltttle Sheffield site that was to become widely known as Plant’s Yard

An Illustration of Mount Pleasant, dated to the time of S B Ward’s occupancy, IS shown In Frgure 12 4M

In hrs standard work on the hrstory of Sheffield” Joseph Hunter (1819) includes a sechon headed MOUNT PLEASANT whrch begIns,-

MOUNT PLEASANT The house so-called, situated at Hugh-field rn this township, IS now the property and residence of Samuel Broomhead Ward esqurre Francis Hurt Srtwell esqutrezz

It was butIt by

12.2.5 The Freemen’s Revolt (1785-1801)

In 1785, the recogmsed workers (I e the Journeymen Freemen) of the Company of Cutlers drew up a hst of gnevances against the mcreasingly progressive atbtudes of the Company’s officers such as therr sancbonmg a large number of apprentices who were not, as prevrously, mamly sons of the Company’s Freemen. It seems that Ben(be//ows) may have known the main protagonrsts on both srdes of the ensuing drspute By 1789, thus controversy grew beyond a mere exchange of words when Ben(be//ows)‘s Coalptt Lane nerghbour. Mr Enoch Tnckett, who was the leader of the rebelling Freemen, demanded to see the Company’s

._ accounts and encouraged the Freemen’s committee to pebbon Parliament, m 1789 and agam in 179O23

” The Ins. Thursday September 5,h ,794 ” The 1804 Master Cutler curt&d much of the extwagance of the vx,cus Cull& Feasts and the dmners to lades gased. It seems. I” 1808

Follomng S 8 Ward, Mount Pleasant was occupled by the T,,lctscn fxmly and ,n 1874. after a bnef perwJ as a” asyh. It became the abode of the Gods Charity schccl which mcved there from Vtrgns Row. which IS now St James Row adloming the Cathedral Mount Pleasant &II stands, though mere built up, and fi IS now used I” part as a” Adult Education and Commumty Centre for the area ‘1 Joseph Hunter (1819) HaUamsbwe, Y”217

The tfistoiy and Topography of the Pansh of Sheffield II) fhe County of Yo&

Francis Hurt S,twell was nephew to Franus SItwell, Clerk to the Cutlers’ Company ,n 1718-36 and Mwnt Pleasant bad not been very long bulk when the S~twell family sold It to S E Ward I” 1794 ” Ben(bellcws)!s neighbour Mr Enoch Tnckett. a filesmIth, IS famous m Sheftield hlstcry as the first person who dared tc appear 10 the streets of Sbefrwld WI+ an unbrella (Hfstory of fhe Cpmpany of Cullers, IbId, Vol 1 t pas:% 84 a;d 328)

26

Figure 12 4. Mount Pleasant at the hme of S 6 Ward

The Cutlers Company secured the ard of a promment MP, the now famous Mr Wrlberforce, who suggested that the Freemen’s brll should be replaced by one prepared by ‘five local gentlemen of character and property’. Thus agreement was srgned by the 1789 Master Cutler Thomas Trllotson and hrs then Warden. who was Een(bellows)‘s nerghbour Enoch and hrs brother James Trickett for the Journeymen

Robert Eadon Leade? remarks that, though the journeymen celebrated the passmg of the subsequent 1792 Act with a feast, the vtctory of Enoch Tnckett’s Freemen was a hotlow one and they might well have spoken of those

“That paiter wjth us m a double sense That keep the word of promrse to our ear And break rf to our hope ”

A further Act rn 1801 was mamly Just a srmphfred repebhon of the 1791 Act

12 3 Peeps into the past and some further clues ’

Although Ben(be/lows) appears to have been less close to hrs nephew TA Ward than to the older nephew, S B Ward, thus younger nephew warrants mentron rf only because hrs notebooks, letters and drary form the standard text on hfe rn early mneteenth century Sheffield In the book ‘Peeps !nto the Past, berg passages from the diary of Thomas Aslrne Ward’, which appeared m 1909, there are many maghts, wrth moreover some references to Ben(bellows)‘s family as will be described later below

The cutlery merchant TA Ward IS known especrally as being one of the four great philanthroprc reformers of early nmeteenth century Sheffield”

29

12.3.1 Some extracts from the Introduction

Thomas AslIne Ward was born on the 6th of July 1781 and he dled on the 25th November 1871 The famllres w@h which he c/armed kinshrp embraced many who gave tone to, and were most charactenshc of, the Sheffield of hrs penod

(He was educated at the Grammar Schoolz6 He had many literary and artist% acquamtances, mcludmg the sculptor Sir Francls Chantrey) Ward hrmself became fairly adept with hrs pen -- more successfu//y, It may be admiffed, I” prose than /n verse . He perpetrated sermons and he delighted in the compflafion of moving reports .(He was a much valued friend of Joseph Hunter and contnbuted to his standard work on Hallamshlre) Montgomery came to look to him for he/p on the ‘Ins’, and the ‘Independent’ ~1 rts ear/y years, before 1829, was edrfed by Ward

Mr Ward was a greaf champion of freedom, and was always a sympafhlser wifh people . . struggling for kberty.. In later phases of the Reform agrtation, as President of fhe “Sheffield

Pokhcal Unron” he represented fhe Radrcal, rather than the Whrg element of that association

Most of the poslbons of honour at the drsposal of his townsmen were p/aced w/thin Mr Ward’s reach. The mention of fwo must suffice He served on the Cu6er.s’ Company from 1809 to 1818, and agarn II) 1833, being Master Cutler ~1 1816 He was a Town Trustee from 1817 to 1863, rncluding a period of 18 years as Town Collector, and he was made a West Rldjng magrstrate in 1836

But these and other matters are on public record. The value of fhe drary IS the fnsighfs it gives . he spent, few hours II) his counting house Even fhese were offen encroached upon by attendances at committees and public engagements, or, if not called abroad, he leff ledgers for bferature. The house of his parents, with whom he loved untrl 33 years of age, agolned fhe works in Howard Sfreef and 1” that he had a /ibrag any ~ntersbces /eR commerce had to be content with such hours as were not bespoke in enfertarning or berng entertained

12.3.2 A reference to a premature bequeathal

A snlppet from the book Peeps Into the Past, dated to Ben(be//ows)‘s later years, concerns the birth of TA Ward’s youngest brother (b 20 1 1801) Falsely anticipatmg that she might not recover from her forthcommg ‘hazard’, TA Ward’s mother (Sarah Ashne. 1757-1829) wrote a long letter to her husband, Joseph Ward, who as already menboned was Ben(be//orsJ’s brother-m-law. Amld wifely love, she expressed her wishes for the upbrmging of her children and cautioned her husband to be careful to alter h!s will so that the’ younger children may not suffer great hardship through the eldest son (S B Ward, by a former wife) gettmg over much Her requests for the disposal of her ‘cloaths’ (SIC) Include

Mrs Plant, a black sattm (SIC) pethcoat, whtch IS qullted, and black sattm (sfcj cloak with grey fur

Mrs Sampson, black silk gown and coat

Mrs Plant, my bombazeen gown and cloak

26 The onglns of Sheffield Grammar School can be traced back at least to 1564 In 1906 n was amalgamated wth ~olegate Schoo! to form Nng Edward VII Grammar Schwl (my own old school)

Htward Sfreep ” nea! 1” Pond Lane lqn e of aen(bellows)k wife’s sfep-faqer. Saryei E(wmhead h the summer. this Samuel’s her. Joseph Ward, and ‘the famliy would retfeat’a rmle froh Iheir Howard Street home to tfw countlynlla. Park House

20

This Mrs Plant was quite clearly Ben(be//ows)‘s wife, Hannah The Plants’ daughter was called Mrs Sampson at that time (Figure 12 3) and this no doubt IS the Mrs Sampson who IS named above as another potential beneficiary Other such bequests were made to MISS Goddard, Mary Ward, and a Mrs Tnckett who will be menboned agaln later in this chapter

12.3.3 Some References to the Plants

Unfortunately, It IS only Just before Ben(be//ows)‘s 1806 death that T A Ward’s d/anes begln, in 1804, though there are a few Items of Interest in his earher note-books These begln with an 1800 pocket book which starts 10 French, breaking mto Latin and Italian These notebooks and the subsequent dlarles Include an occasional reference to Ben(be//ows)‘s family.

. 1800 The French of the 19 year old TA Ward was not impeccable and the book gives a sample 41. Sampson & /a famrlle dr Morton prient du the & du souper chez noos” This presumably relates to the Plants’daughter Mrs Sampson”

1802,

1804,

1805,

1805,

1806,

1807

1808

June 16 “A&s Sampson marned” (Een(be//ows)‘s daughter Mary Ward Plant mamed her second husband, Timothy Hancock).

August 26 Mr Ward went with his father, mother and sisters to Hellaby (near Maltby, 12 miles to the east) to dine with Mr Sampson there

April 1 “My Aunt Askne was buried ,n St Paul’s by Mr Mackenzre The pall was supported by Mrs Tnckett, Huntsman, P/ant, Younge, and Morton, and Misses Younge and Wafnwnght” (Mrs William Huntsman, who is menhoned here alongside Mrs Plant, was the duaghter-m-law of the famous Inventor of cast (or cruable) steel, Benjamin Huntsman, 1704-767

October 29 In the evemng Y drank tea at Mr P/ant’s, and supped at J Roberts’ wrth a party of gentlemen ”

January 3 The editor notes the entry *Mr Plant died” commentmg ‘This was Benjamin Plant, whose wife was Hannah, sister of Mr Ward’s father ‘ZQ

The edltor, A B Bell, notes that ‘A feature of the life at Howard Streets’ at this time IS that Mr Ward’s Aunt Plant appears to have made a praohce of tumlng up wbth almost unfailing regularity at the Sunday dmner’.

A B Bell notes ‘The regular Sunday vlslts of Mrs Plant conhnued throughout the year, and, almost invanably. she had as her fellow guest on these occasions Mrs Tnckett, of whom Mr Ward says “Her husband was a respectable baker who set up hrs sons M business, one as a baker, the other as a srlversmrth, both of whom falled Mrs T has long been a friend of my mother’s famr/y ,,’ and R E Leader adds ‘Mrs Plant, frequently mentioned as “Aunt Plant” was sister to Mr Ward, senior, widow of Benjamin Plant, Sheffield Moor ’

” This entry 1s followed, in French. by menkon of Mrs Plant’s brother, Joseph Ward, who on the 18th August attended a &!dhday dinner for the Duke of Norfolk a, the Tonbne

80:~ m Lincofnshlre in 1704, twntsman had first wrked as a clockmaker In Doncaster About 1743 he moved 10 Handswodh near Sheffield where he experimented to make finer steel. suitable for hw clcck springs He fwfected his process by completely menmg the steel in clay crubles sub@ed to great heat by means of coke Huntsman did not pk2l)t his ~~“e,~t,m, and althwgb he work was carr/sd out :” the ut,,,ost secrecy h!s Idea was ??a”{ coped

Shllar breVlty. hIhal my qenbon of ceremony, appears lateron 17 Nov 1814\mlh “/ manxMAnn Leviin : ” Howard Street was at that bme the home of T A Ward and his parents

29

1810 Near the begrnnrng of thus year A B Bell notes ‘Mr Ward’s fnends were marryrng There were deaths too -- our old fnend “Aunt Plant”, Mr Joseph Ward’s srster. Joseph, a young son of Danmel Brammall at Inchbald’s Schoo132Saand a particularly sad tragedy in whrch one of the Mount Pleasant nieces lost her hfe ’

12.3.4 The Tricketts of Social Contrasts

A family assooabon between the Plants and Tncketts mfght have had some of Its ongrns rn earher times, around 1770, when the Plants apparently kved near the 1771 Master Cutler, William Tnckett, rn Coal-prt Lane”. The recurrent menbon in TA Ward’s dianes of Mrs

_- Tnckett m the company of Mrs Plant might suggest that thus retamer was assistmg Ben(be//ows)‘s wrdow and R E. Leader notes

Wtth regard to Mrs Tnckett on one occasron he (TA Ward) says “Mrs Trickett dmed, etc , wrth us, as In fact she often does when I far/ to nobce ti She IS an o/d friend of the farm/y, and KI humble circumstances; has seen the exprring moments of many members of ft.” She has some small cottage property which Mr Ward managed for her, pertodrcally attending at the ‘Green Man’ to receive the rents, and to enjoy a gossip with the tenants over therr mugs of ale

Shortly after Mrs Plants death, TA Ward reported (19 Ott 1812)

1 have been attendrng at a pub/r&house to receive some small rents for a decayed o/d lady” (Mrs Trlckett) “whose petty money affairs I manage for her. She had 5 or 6 tenants, poor, and lake too many of the/r townsmen complaining It is their opinion that the kingdom cannot exrst, without a change, till Chnstmas, and they seem scarcely startled at the idea of a revolutron . . I cannnot help sm~kng (atthough ti IS really gnevous) to find them so obstrnate III their Ignorance and misconceptions ”

Such everyday details command in the Diary as much attenhon as the Wards’ assocrations .- with for example the famous slave-trade abohbonist, Willlam Wtlberforce Een(bellows)‘s

nephew, S B Ward for example toured Wrlberforce’s elechon committee rn the so-called ‘Great Yorkshire’ national Electron of 1807

Thus Tory assocratlon was despite the fact that the Wards maintamed associations with the opposrng Whrg House of Wentworth which can be simply explarned by the fact that the Wentworth Ead Frtzwrlkam was Lord of the Manor of Ecclesall The Frtzwrlkams had Inherited power from the last Marquts of Rockrngham, Charles Watson Wentworth, when this Bnbsh Prime Mrntster and Eccleshall Lord dred In office IR 1782 The Marques was buried at York Monster on 20 July 1782 and Lordshrp of the Manor of Ecclesall passed to hrs nephew, the Hon Wrlkam Wentworth Frtmrlkam, and he&a

” This IS the Elrammall of Bram(m) Lane. wh!ch IS now wdely known as Sheffields Unned’s football ground and one of p Yonhlre county team’s cncket grounds

Ben(beRows)k nephew S B Ward, was walking in the fields near his house wth his wife, two sons. three daughters. and a nursemaid - all had safely crossed the wallen Rwer Sheaf an a narrow wooden bndge. except for the nursemaid end 2 year old Anne when the bndge brake and only the nursemaid was rescued alive

Despite I& name, Coal-prt Lane was one of the more dewable addresses I” Sheffield. most of the houses had grass plots to the front wth open fields to the rear leadlng to the head of Liltle Sheftiefd Mea The 1771 Master Cutler, WIlllam Tnckett, lwd on Coal-prt Lane and he 16 remembered mostly for the broad local dialect of his brother, Encch, at Cutler’s Feasts ,” the presence of “ob,,,ty Enoch Tncket shll appears in ,793 rate books wth 7 houses in Coal-pti Lane. which was subsequently renamed Cambridge Street “Fi+zNltam was dlsmwxci as Lwd LIeutenant by the Prince Regent I” 1820, follomng hrs fallwe to condone the Petedcn

- Massacre of poor protester: ‘; Manches~, a:d the ~$e”ancy was they conferry or, Lord Lascelles Of the Opr=“g Tory House of Harewwd

30

A parbcularly lavish Whig Wentworth ball contrasts with the poor circumstances In the ‘Green Man’ and, in 1834, Ben(be//ows)‘s nephew, TA Ward records.

“The mvrtations In tbrs neighbourhood have been thought rather scanty My brother, S El Ward and three daughters, were there

This ball was to mark the coming of age of the Wentworth Lord MIlton, who was bemg carefully trained for htgh nahonal office. but the prommet Whlg House of Wentworth suffered Irreparable damage when Milton was cut off the following November This was shortly afler Sheffield had been granted their first two Parkamentary seats, in 1832, and TA Ward had stood unsuccessfully as an ‘Advanced Liberal’, the popular champion of the unmfluenbal poor

12.4 A seemingly relevant oil painting

An 011 painting, believed to be from the Wards’ family collecbor?. IS known as ‘A v/s/t to the Lawyer’ It shows, towards its left side, a well-dressed gentleman standmg by a table and some books and, towards the right and more to the fore, a more elderley man seated and resting his hand on an upright walking stick which forms a central feature of the picture It IS recalled that this painting was displayed in a 1965 Sheffield exhibItion to celebrate the re- opening of the Mappm Art Gallery m Weston park37. This pambng was displayed with historical notes that It fell between the contrasting episodes of the ‘Thirteen to a Dozen’ controversy and the famed philanthropy of the benevolent Sheffield reformer Thomas Asline Ward Until recently an o&wash copy of this same pamtmg (slgned VVaute) was held by my own family, It was sa!d to represent a Plant ancestor and, in the light of current knowledge, It could very credibly have been handed down from the estate of Benjamin Plant (1742- 1806)38

It seems possible that this painting may perhaps portray a meeting between Samuel Broomhead Ward and his elderley uncle Benjamin Plant This reference to ‘lawyer’ In the supposed title has been taken to be an allusion to S B Ward’s offices in the Manonal Courts

.. though an alternattve explanation, If the pamtmg does indeed portray a meeting between Ward and a Plant, could be that rt might relate to Ben(be//ows)‘s actions to put his affairs rnto better order around the time of h!s 1805 ~111. Ti

By the time of Een(be//ows)‘s 1805 will, he was 63 and S B Ward was 35, which it appears could roughtly match the ages In this painting, provided that some allowance IS made for a stoly that S B Ward aged noticeably after the death (aged 27) of his first wife, the daughter of the Ill-famed W---, m 1803 Besides BenJamm (1742-1806). other Plants who were connected v&h this will Include the yeoman farmer James Plant (1740-1825) but a more plausible explanahon of why a copy of this pambng was apparently passed down my branch of the Plant family would anse If the deplcted Plant were either Eerfbellows) (1742-1806), who IS known to have been a close friend of S B Ward, or perhaps his brother the farmer Thomas Plant (17451827) of Clowne whose eldest son, Wm(1) (1772-1848). 1s mentioned as a beneficfary in Benjamin’s WIII

12.5 The unseen hand of Benjamin Plant

Almost as soon as nineteenth century Sheffield began to enter the spotkght of TA Ward’s diary, his uncle, the bellows maker Benjamin Plant, breathed his last breath Thus, withm the celebrated vision of the young TA Ward. Beqamm Is confmed to the penumbra We are left largely to guess at Eien(be//ows)‘s precise role in the Sheffield of his hmes though his indirect influence may well pervade the known account of the Sheffield that he left, as given m his young nephew’s diary By 1805, TA Ward’s elder brother had entered more fully Into

0

e

” II Is passable that this palntlng 15 now lnlhe possession or B descendant of S a Ward, Harriet Counkss of Ranfurly. :: The Mappln Art Gallery had been closed since Its having been destroyed in enemy bombing I” 1940

It seems that this palntlng. which was 111 very poor condihon. may have been handed down the line Een(belfcws~ Wm(l) - Wm(2a) -James - Tom to my late father Tom whereafter ti was sadly lost around the tune of his death

31

l

adulthood and rt IS S 6 Ward who appears m Benjamm’s ~111, as tts first trustee and beneftcrary

lnfomratron about Ben(be//ows)‘s Irkely role, at earker trmes, can be gleaned partly from the records of thus epoch’s most authontabve local official. the Master Cutler Even though Bentamer’s own trade of bellows makmg was rather outside the wade drscrplmes that quahfred for the so-called Company of Cutlers we may note that, lust as bellows were crucral to contemporary metal crafts, Benjamtn may have formed a crux of some key contemporary events It seems that the close-knit famrly connections of old Sheffield (section 12 1 2) may have played therr part in bnngmg about such events as the Master Cutler being called Jos lbberson m 1759 and Peter Spurr rn 1781 and that, at least by the trme of more-detarled 1790’s records, Ben(be//ows) occupied lbberson Lands whrch rncluded the Spurr (or Spurgear) Wheels (Chapters 11 and 13) The nammg of the Spurr Wheel may have arisen from the name of the 1781 Master Cutler, Peter Spurr, whose apparent family connecbons mth Ben(be//ows) provrdes the credentials for Peter Spurr’s b’erng assocrated with this Wheel

It seems drfftcult to dismiss as lust coincidence A stepuncle of Ben(be/lows)!s wrfe, Joseph Broomhead, refused 1771 Mastershrp, and the office passed Instead to Bentamin Plants neighbour, Wrlltam Trickett Thts was somewhat before the ttmes of the Freemen’s Revolt (1785-1801) the ‘Thrrteen to a Dozen’ controversy (1787)and the Broom-hall conflagrabon (1791) but one mtght wonder, for example, rf Ben(be//ows) lent a hand in passmg Mastership from a nch uncle of his wife to a neighbour, perhaps because rt was thought that thus nerghbour was more acceptable to the Freemen Certainly a Tnckett connection persrsts through to the 1790’s when the Freemen’s Revolt involved Wrlltam Tnckett’s brothers Enoch and James, as well as Een(be//ows)‘s brother-m-law, Joseph Ward Although the detarls are not clear, rt can be added that the name Tnckett recurs in that a Mrs Tnckett IS to be found closely associated wrth Ben(be//ows)‘s wife in Ward documents between 1801 and 1812

The Mastershrps of Ben(be//ows)‘s close distaff kin (VIZ Bentamm Broomhead 1784, Joseph Ward 1790, S B Ward tn 1798 and TA Ward tn 1816) were Interspersed, in 1796, by a year as Master Cutler for J F Smtth whose Coal-pit Lane property was apparently surrounded by Bentamar’s. It seems Itkely, as indicated in Chapter 11, the Ben(be//ows) may have formed a link of particular importance between the Smrths and the Wards and that thts may have led to TA Ward’s close friendship wrth Smrth’s young relabve and protege, Joseph Hunter, pnor to the publication of Hunters celebrated 1819 history on ‘Hallamshrre The gene% of Sheffield (now Britain’s fifth largest city), through the centunes up to the late nineteenth century, IS rllumrnated most famously by Hunters Hallamshrre and TA Ward’s Peeps info fhe Past -- the creative fnendshrp between these two leading luminaries of Sheffield can arguably be attnbuted to Bentamm Plant

Een(be//ows)‘s title ‘Beqamin Plant of Sheffield Moor’ appears m the published works of hrs nephew and his nephew’s fnend, vrx Ward’s Peeps mfo fhe Past and Hunter’s Famrlrae Minorae Genbum It IS not clear exactly how Ben(be//ows) acquired thus tttle and whether It accrued from more than just the known fact that some of his properhes lay around the edges of thrs sate of Sheffield’s first major expansion of the coming lndustnal Age The occupations of Een(bellowsJ and hrs presumed brother John Plant may have helped to burld Sheffield’s forges and Inter-mrxed dwelhngs and such bellows-maktng and brick-laymg acbvrties, from the two apparent bases of P/a&s Yard near the Moor’s head and foot, may have helped earn Ben(bellows) hrs ‘Sheffield Moor title’

Ben(bellows)‘s hrstoncal role may have related as much to such technological developments as to hrs relabonshrps wrth Sheffield’s Master Cutlers and the subsequent chronrclers of Sheffield He clearly had ‘connections’ with Important events in Sheffield’s hrstory - for example, Mrs Plant in her late years IS known to have been associated wrth the son and successor of the famous Bentamm Huntsman We can accordingly surmrse that, Just as Bentam(n’s bello,ws may have been developed to help temper malleabrlrty into Huntsman’s cast’ steel, so Een(be//ows)- hrmsetf may have helped to breath extensibility into Shefftatd’s developmg scene Benjamm Plant’s Influence may have extended mto the development of Sheffield’s mdustnal plants - he also seems central to the establishment of the Plant name rn Sheffield, as wr/l be described further m subseque,nt chapfers

32

THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS -LATE 19TH CENTURY

Journal No 11 contatned an arbcle relatmg to the manufactunng of Buttons by Messrs Plant &Green of Brrmmgham, based on original papers dated 10 October 1874 the ongrnal papers contammg pencil note - Joseph Plant father of F E LorUJohn Green uncle of F E Lort

Smce prepanng Journal No 11 I have managed to solve the mystery of the names menttoned above with the help of Jon Ackroyd 113 RRI, Cambell River BC. Canada VQW 3S4 who, on 15 July 1991, set down rnformabon passed down through his family He IS

descended from Joseph Plant who with his wife’s brother, John Green, had the Button Factory in Warstone Lane, Birmmgham, tradmg under the name of Plant and Green

The F E Lort referred to in the prevrous artrcle (Journal No 11) was in fact Florence Elrza Plant, the daughter of Joseph Plant, who married John Anthony H Lort

Somebme in the early 1930’s Florence Eliza set down the following informatron:

“My father, Joseph, and my mother’s, brother, John (Green) had a huge covered button factory on Warstone Lane, Brrmingham employing several hundred hands in the 1870’s

I know very little of the Plant famrly, My grandfather, Joseph Plant, was the son of a soldrer who lived at Bramley, Kent, England This soldier married MISS Portlock of London and was stationed in lndra I heard my grandfather tell this to my mother he also said his half-brother was born there and was sent to a boarding school m England when he was 7. HIS mother must have died when he was very young and hrs father married again and there was a boy of that marnage My father often spoke of his uncle who also had an only son who dred unmarned I heard of thus son from a woman my mother knew. she spoke of him as Harry Plant and gave the rmpression that she had been m love wrth him - she also sard that my grandfather was very badly treated by his step mother HIS father must have died as my grandfather lrved with her and her son -about 14 or 15 he ran away from home and never spoke of hrs past’ not even to my father I remember hrm as a very detected lookmg old man, he had a business of his own Buttons agatnr but only in a small way, only one kind of pearl, not the sort that my father made He wanted to take my father Into hts workshop but my grandmother’s sister - Mrs Sandlord - advrsed her to apprenbce hrm wrth a good firm - which she drd and my father eventually owned that business ”

From the rnformatron above and other details given by John Ackroyd the tree shown on the followmg page can be estabkshed.

Followmg an enqurry to Birmingham City Counctl Lrbrary Servrces relative to the Plant familres connection wrth the manufacture of buttons in Brrmrngham I recerved their reply as follows

‘A prelimmary search has revealed the followmg rnformabon from the trades dtrectones, pearl button makers

1800 Henry Plant, 4 Stafford St 1825 Plant & Barlow, 21 Bread St 1842 Arobella Plant, 43 Water St 185213 John Plant, court back of 37 Brealey St

and 43 Great Hampton St 1872 Plant & Green, 16 Vdtona St 1886/99 Plant & Green, Warstone Lane

From the patents index Patents associated with button manufacture’

1 1873 John Rrchard Green, Warstone Button Works, Warstone Lane

33

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. .

drrector m Plant and Green (1873-l 895) 1893 Woodlea Beach Lane Patents wrth J Plant 1873, F W Plant and J Newman 1884

2 Fredenck Wrllram Plant (Commercral Clerk) wrth J R Green and I Newman

Incrdentally, when prepanng the arhcle rn Journal No 11 I wrote to The Button Museum m Ross on Wye and subsequently received a reply requestmg further mformabon

I have now replred to therr letter enclosrng detarls now estabhshed for Plant & Green - Button Manufacturer Any developments WIII be reported rn subsequent Journals

FAMILY TREE

F soldrer - staboned Bromley Kent

I

Joseph Plant bt 4 Ott 1804 at Manchester m Jane Jarvis 31 Ott 1831 at Aston Juxta was a JP

Joseph Plant born Barford St 27 Dee? 1833 bt St Phrllips Brrmmgham 14 Jan 1834 m Sarah Green at St John’s Ladywood

Fredenck W Plant Florence Elrza Plant Ellen Maud Plant Edgar Joseph Plant m Jane Lrst m John Anthony H Lort m Henry Payne Grbson m 7 Issue issue Issue Issue

34

l THE DIARY OF JOHN PLANT OF HAULEWOOD FARM . . LEEKFIRTH NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE 1849 - 1853 .

CONTINUED FROM jOURNALS 6,7,6,9,10 & Ii

1 January 1851 to 29 March 1851

1

2

3

4

6

.-

8

11

16

19

1%

24

26 I_

28

27

29

31

T Brough was at Leek Pard Doctors Ekll 7s 6d for commg out in the night for Medtcm Is I was at half the expense paid 9s

I was cruppmg clogs m the afternoon.

Buxtons lads came for a Copy of Mr Hargreaves Will MISS Hughes came to see us Mary Armett asked me to get her a fresh Wrll made.

I was at Macolesfteld sold a fat pig to Mr Geskell at 46 pr lb saw Mr Taylor asked hrm to come to Make Mary Amrett a WIII on Monday next. He promised he would

Mr Taylor came to Turners pool made Mary Armetts will I was at the Isle in the momlng for Samuel Glows to come on Wednesday mornrng to krll us a prg

T Brough at Leek his Mother very poorly

T Brough was scouring the ditch around the hay nck the Underkeeper came complamed about the Dog drsturbmg the game T Brough went to the cobblers and Middlehulme he heard his Mother was worse.

T Brough went to Upperhulme to see james Halsalls wrdow she was verry ill had the Fever many weeks Edward met her at our house she got Lost with coming from the Roach Grange she came over hedge and drtch and found herself.

T Brough was at Leek took hrs Mother a bottle of rarsrn ware she was verry III took a Mrttrn to the mending [a leather hedging g/oveJ

HIS Mother was rather better he took her a bottle of rhubarb wine and a small bottle of Plumb wme Met Moses Ash put a headstone down at Meerbrook rn memory of his wrfe

T Erough took 2 trts and the alead to the Needles to shift Lime he heard of George Reed be ktld gomg from Leek on the 24th by James Hudson the carriers from Macclesfield going over him with hrs cad

No one at Chappel soft snow and Wind I put on startups the first bme this wmter

T Brough heard the keeper Woods left Swythamley on Last Saturday Mornrng

Mr Taylor caled at Night for Property Tax 6s 54

T Brough took hrs Mother a bottle of mearth she was worse

Frosty fine day James Gold and Robert Brunt begging for a woman on Goldsich Moss I gave them 51 the snow contmued.

February 1 Thomas Brough fetched the Loadrng from the Mrll he heard of the death of Thomas

Mellors Wife at the Marsh Left 7 chrldren

l

*

5 T Brough took his Mother a Bottle of Plumb Wine she was rather better she thought the mearth had done her good’she was in the house had been Downstairs a few days he heard of Old Mr Sneyd Death at Ashcomb

35

6

9

10

11

12

13

17 _-

18

21

23

T Brough took Grtbert to the pool End T Fmey thought he was straml In the stiffle gomt In the Far hip we perceived hrm lame m the morning We had Martha Turnook Mary Boot to see us Mr Boot had tea I sold Joseph Krd Nan Cow for f8 10s to go on Tuesday next

I went to see Hannah Oliver I grve her 10 shrllmg promised her l/2 Load of meal called at Pheasant clough took tea there

I was at Macclesfield Mr Geskell and I was at Mr Colv~lls oftice he thought we had better rescgne being executors for Mr Hargreaves as there was vei-ry much trouble and unesmess wrth him and Euxtons Mr Geskell wrote a Resrnabon and I brought It with me as follows

Macclesfield February 10th 1851 Mr Hargreaves, Sir, in considering your Executomhrp we have torntty come to the conclusion of declming it as we see nothing but trouble and vexahon attending rt Yours Respectfully, Joseph Gaskell John Plant

t came back by tram through Rushton took tea wrth Mrs Sudlow. t met Mr Brocklehurst coming to Swythamley rn Sutton he invrted to go to Tithnngton and stop all night t called at Swythamley as I went and saw MIS Hughes she told me that Mr Hughes wishes to have half a fat pig as we had Feeding I agreed to hit Mr BrouQh took Hannah Olrver l/2 Load of meal

T Brough took Nan cow to the Horse Shoe Blackshawmore and Thomas Glows son John took 1 wrth him for Joseph Krdd a man met them and pard for them ours was 88 10s Clowses f8 10s Thomas took Mr HarQreaVeS of Rushton Mr Geskells and my Resmahon of Exexutorshrp He Received very Heavrly was verry much troubled about it and cned Mrs Buxton his Daughter was verry sorry Samuel Buxton came in the Mommg and wanted me to go to Rushton to consult wrth hrs grandfather about Ratsmg Mr Geskell Money he Having gtven Notice for it to be paid in was 8200.

T Brough at Candlemass Faire caled on his Mother she was rather worse he took her a bottle of Meadh bad Faire for cattle W Beswtck bought a 2 year old Fdla for 814

Mrs Hughes came to Look at the Fat Pig and wished to have her srde of Bacon to be salted wrth ours and she would send a man for the ofle and pork

John Buxtone came to me in the far Barn meadow with a Letter from Mr Hargreaves he wants the Deeds of the Stpckmeadow and the Tanhouse I went Down to Rushton m the aflemoone Mr Hargreaves wanted me to conbnue as Executor but t stuck to me Resrgnatton he wanted me to fetch his Deeds from Macclesfield

I went to Macclesfield and Mr Geskill to Mr Colvrlls office to have hrs advorce he advoiced Mr Gesketl to keep the Pitslacks Deeds along with the Oak Deeds an t to bnng to Mr Hargreaves the Stockmeadows and Tanhouse Deeds wrth me hrs wrll and some other papers and get him to signe a note that he had Received them wrch he did the note IS thus Thrs IS to Certify that I have thus 18 day of February 1851 Received the Deeds of the Stockmeadow and Tanhouse Estates belonomn to me from Josnoh Gaskell and John Plant Joseph Hargreaves

Willram Mrlls came for Mr Hughes Port we kep the Gut Fat Jane Dawson came to see us Ekzabeth took a Letter to the Wrthystake for Mrs Bellgeld to take to Macclesfield to Mr Geskell

T Brough went in the afternoon to see his Mother took her a bit of spare nb went to St Lukes Church. Verry fine day Elizabeth went rn the afternoon to Dainbndge Chappel to get her text with Isaac Shufflebotham and Wife at the Brick House Dambrtdge

36

26 I was at Leek look Mrs Brough a bottle of sherry wme Bought shut cloth MISS Turner spoke about a Herfer

March

4 MISS Turners man from Endon came to Look at our Herfers He made a chorce of one for E9-9s fetch her on the 9th

8 MISS Turners man F Lmdep and a boy fetched the Heifer T Brough went wtth them to gagers lane took 2 Heifers 1 for company MISS Turners sent a Letter by Lindop that I must meet them at Leek next Wednesday but one and they would pay for her

10

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T Brough took to Leek Cheese Faue 6cwt 3st 3lb of cheese sold it to George Massa at f2-2s6d per c and one odd cheese at 5d per lb 1716 snow he brought f14.14s 10d George Bellfield came to me at the F barn wanted T Brough to go ploughmg for hrm on Thursday next at springs

11 Aaron Cooper came for T Brough to go to Thoneylee tomorrow to plough for Davrd Bresstngton a Boon F C Day

12 no one at Leek a snow T Brough cald at Beswicks to agree with Wrllram for 8 strike of short white oats 501b to the stncke the pnce not agreed on he was verry refractory when he came Home

13 T Brough and J Fmdlow was to have gone a ploughing for George Bellfield but Thomas was out of temper and would not go he told me at noon that he would not gake care of the tits no longer I might get someone Els as soon as I wold for he would qurt my service m a month or before.

14 T Bmugh verry poorly got up at 10 O’clock was rather better went to his work ddchmg rn coopers roughmeadow Mary Halsall came to our house

15

16

Thomas Brough ploughing at old spnng for George Bellfield hot day.

.^

17

W Buxton Hugh Forest Brough a Letter his Father Brought from Macclesfield the Day before From Mr Geskell to Inform me he recerved his Money from Mr Hargreaves in Rushton the Last Wednesday f300 T Brough and the Girls at Cheppel T Brough went to the Needles to taek Neds Ploughmg they agreed that fl-Es-Od if Ned could Bargam with J Findlow to hold Veny find day

T Brough at the smrthy with Gilbert Beswrcks set off for America 5 of Sam Fishers Lads went wdh them and a Grrl that Mrs Bryssmgton had by Tom Day before she marned Tom Brassmgton.

19 I was at Leek was to have been pard for the Heifer but Mrs and MISS Turner Found fault wrth her and would not pay for her Mrs Turner sard she was but 2 yr old cold not believe she was on Apnl Note Ill called her and Made me into a Liar I told them to send her home ag(arne I had rather have her trll they bnng theu money.

20

21

T Brough went early rn the mommg met Lmdop commg with her

T Brough fetched one hundred of drammg pipe from the top for E halsall at the Needles at 2s pr c ready cash or 2s3d on trust

23 I went down Into Rushton Mr Hargreaves sat chrdmg as usual

24 T Brough started to go to Macclesfield seed rn the Newspaper that there was a new Faire held on the 24th went to the Ship and they told him that they had not heard that there ws any faire so he turned back and took Grlbert to help George Bellfield to

.^

plough John Critchlowe from Hdlswood came to collect a rode rate for the shuy Division they collected 1 1/2d in the pound I paide him 9 3/4d

27 T Brough at smithy wrth Smilerheard of the Death of MISS Roulis on the 23rd He brought word that Shusana Amett and young Wheeldon was Marned 27

29 Thos Taylor came with a form to take the number of people

To be continued in next Journal

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38

EXTRACTS FROM 1851 CENSUS RELATING TO PLANT NAME IN THE DISTRICT OF NORTHWICH CHESHIRE

Piece No 2165 covering

Acton (Weaverham) Allostock Barnton Birches Cogshall Comberbach Cuddmgton (Weaverham Delamere Hartford Halse LerghlLrttle Lostock Gralam Marston Northwich Onston PeoverMether

__ Wallercost Winnmgton

Weaverham

Foho 149

27

Ldtle Lregh

Wm Plant Head Rebecca Plant Wife Mgt Plant Dau John Plant Son Harnet FenivatVtsttor

Folio 296

68

Anderton Castle Northwtch Crowton Eddlesbury Leftwrch Marbury (Gt Budworth) Oakmere Twambrooke Wmcham

M 24 Farm Lab born Sevenoaks M 26 born Stretton

2 1 mth 23 Gent Servant

Wmcham

Sam’ Plant Head M 41

Ellen Plant Wife M 49 Ann Plant Dau 18 Andrew Plant Son 16

Sarah Plant Dau 14 Ehz Balderstone Visitor 61

Holland Servant 24 Rbt Buckley Servant 17

Farmer of 73 Acres born Lostock Gralam

born Allostock School Mrstressbom Wincham Apprenbce Plumber born Wmcham

born Wincham Dairy Maid born Allostock Farm Lab born Marston Farm Lab born Wrncham

.- Samuel b 551809 was nephew of Uriah Planf (born Lath Denncs and lived lo WinchamJ.

Foho 407 Witton

147 Brewery House 7 Howarth Head 32 Agent

Caroline Plant Servant 23

CarOlIne was dau of Joseph and Ann Plant b 22-7-1827 ,n Moulton

Folio 422

48 Castle St

Northwtch

John Lee Head M 38 PhysIcran Annie Lee Wrfe M 29 Caroline Lee Dau 2 Donald Lee Son 1 Ehz Lee Dau 4 mth Eliza Chantler Servant U 23 Cook 8,

Housemaid Mary Buckley Servant U 22 Wm Speakman ServantU 21

Nurse Maid Groom

Wm Plant Servant U 14 Errand boy 39

born Longmount Staffs

born Moulton

born Newfoundland born Lrverpool born Northwrch born Northwrch born Northwrch

born Davenham born Davenham born Anderton

Budworth born Moulton

Willram was son of Willram and Cafhenne Plant b 24-4-1636 m Mouffon

Foko 432 Nodhwtch St Pauls

._

l

4 Htgh St aqamrn aurgess Head M 30 Hotel Keeper born Ashley Sosannah ” wife M 40 born Wales Ehz Reeves Servant 24 Bar Mng born West Bromwtch Ann Roylance Niece 19 born Knutsford Martha Hulme Niece 12 Scholar born Bowdon Ekz Lucas Servant 39 Cook born Bowdon Mary Welding Servant 21 born Northwrch sumnah DaltonServant 23 born Wales Ann Naylor Servant 19 born Cumberbach Charles RahardsonSeWIIIt 30 Gen Servant born Knutsford Joseph Plant Servant 20 Gen Servant born Northwtch

Joseph was son of Joseph and Ann Plant b 2-5-1830 in Moulton

Foho 474 Castle Nodhwtch

86 Navtgabon Rd Sam’ Austm Head M 65 Lab Mary Austm Wtfe M 50 Mary Ausbn Dau u 22 Sam’ Austin Son U 19 Wm Austin Son u 17 Thomas Austm Son u 14 James Austin Son u 12 Alice Austm Dau U 9 Joseph Austm Son U 6 John Plant Son In L .aw M 26 Hannah Plant Dau M 24

born Holmes Chapel born Over born Castle Northwtch born Castle Northwtch born Castle Northwich born Castle Nonhwtch born Castle Northwtch born Castle Northwtch born Castle Nodhwich born Leftwtch born Castle Nodhwich

.- John Plant was son of Jonathan and Ek. Plant b 31-10-1824 m Leftwich and Married Hannah Austin 30-4-1849

* FOIIO 532 Allostock

4 Hulme Hall Joseph Brocklehurst

Ellen Brocklehurst John Brocklehurst Geo Brocklehurst Thos Dodd Ellen Plant John Shake5 James Shake11

Allostock

35 Boots Green

Head M

Wife M Son U ServantU ServantU Grd Dau U ServantU Servant U

65 Farmer 470 acres

63 31 36 Farm Servant 32 Farm Servant 11 24 Farm Servant 22 Farm Servant

born Btddulph born Hassall born Buglawton born Biddulph born Allostock born Lees Ches born Ireland born Ireland

John Plant

Sam’ Plant Ann Plant John Plant Hannah Plant Ann Thortey Nancy Plant

Head M 45 Farmer 20acres born Lath Dennis

Son u 18 born Lees Dau u 12 born Allostock Son U 8 Scholar born Allostock Dau U 5 born Allostock ServantU 21 Farm Servant born Cranage Mother W 73 Former Farmer born Peover

dn

Foho 536

38 Booth Bed

Allostock

Rich Goodwm

Sarah Goodwm Wife M Henry Goodwm Son Sarah Ann Goodwin Dau Jane Goodwm Dau Mary Summerfield Servant Mary Galllmore Servant Thomas Plant Servant Wm Kmsey Servant John Booth Servant

Head M 37 Farmer 163 Acres

36 5 3 2 15 Farm Servant 15 Farm Servant 21 Farm Servant 16 Farm Selvant 13 Farm Servant

Foho 602 Leftwlch Pansh of Davenham

80 London Rd James Plant Head M 26 Smdh Sarah Plant Wife M 22 Dressmaker John Plant Son 3 Mary Plant Dau 1 Thomas Plant Bro U 22 Carpenter

James and Thomas were sons of Johnathan and Niz Plant James mamed Sarah Hamson 25-12-1847

Foho 604 Leftwlch Parish of Davenham

91 London Rd Geo Plant Head M 22 Farm Lab Mary Plant Wife M 23 Kitty Plant Dau 2 .I Wm Plant Son 1

FOIIO 620 Leflwich Parish of Davenham

29 Hartford Rd Wm Plant Head M 47 Sal Lab Kitty Plant Wife M 41 Ellen Plant Dau 13 Scholar John Plant Son 11 Scholar Ehz Plant Dau 9 Scholar Martha Plant Dau 7 Scholar Charles Plant Son 4 Sarah A Plant Dau 1

Folio 622 Leflwich Pansh of Davenham

40 Hartford Rd Joseph Plant Head M 54 Arg Lab Ann Plant W[fe M 56 Mary Ann Plant Dau u 15

born Allostock born Mobberley born Allostock born Allostock born Allostock born Cranage born ChurchHulme born Nether I%OV~~ born Peover born Allostock

born Leflwlch born Witton born Leftwich born Leftwlch born Leftwich

born Davenham born Davenham born Davenham born Davenham

born Moulton born Moulton born Moulton born Moulton born Leftwich born Leftwlch born Leflwlch born Leflwich

born Davenham born Over born Davenham

l

Joseph was the son of John and Elrz {Berru) Plant b 10-70-1796 in Moulton

41

PII%? 2166 covenng

Bostock .- Clwe

Davenham Kmderton Cum Hulme Mrddlewrch Newhall(Davenham) OultonlLaw Rudheath Stanthorne Weaver Wrmboldsley

BudworthlLittle Byley-Cum-Yatehouse Croxton Darhall Eaton (Davenham) Goostrey-Cum-Barnshaw Lath Dennrs Marton (Northwich) Mooresbarrow-Cum-Palme Moulton Newton (Middlewrch)Over Occlestone Shipbrook Ravenscroft Stublach Sproston Wharton for Wrnsford) Sutton (Mrddlewrch)

Whatcrbfl

Foho 149 Swanlow

15 Back Lane Unah Plant 7 U 44 Salt Agent

In house of Thomas Jennings (Salt Master)

Uriah was fhe son of Uriah and Mary Plant of Middlewich

Foko 290 Bostock

1 Bostock Hall Jonathan Plant Head M 31 Blacksmrth Ehzabeth Plant Wrfe M 31

.._ Alrce Plant Dau U 10 Scholar

In house of James France Hayhurst

Foko 445 Goostrey-cum-Barnshaw

14 Goostrey Lane Wrlliam Plant ServantU 13 Plough Boy

born Lath Dennis

born Moulton born King St born Leftwrch

born Allostock

42

REMOVAL ORDERS AND WHAT HAPPENED TO MARY PLANT by Mrs E C Reed (Member No 16)

.-

A quarter sessrons removal paper found at Stafford record office became the end of one road m my famrly tree research wrth ‘PLANT’ connecbons After many years of searching for the baphsm of my g g. grandfather JOHN CONDLYFFE a note on a scrap of paper found amongst a drstant relabons documents led to the fmdrng of a 1833 will of a Mr Baddeley of Cheddleton. thus gave the rnformabon that John Condlyffe was actually born JOHN PLANT

Then came the search for brs bapbsm, success at last rn MEERBROOK records, ‘John Plant’ base born chrld of MARY PLANT’ 27 November 1797, the correct date etc but no clue to the father

Who was thus MARY PLANT, a possible MARY found rn records was a young #Id of 14-15 years, is 1 possible she was my g g g, grandmother, who were her parents, drd she marry or have other children?

Several wrlls, hand downs and other clues point to the father being a Condlyffe, a well off and well known Leek family of sokcrtors quote capable of hrding any scandal, hence a later document found at Stafford record office which said the apphcation for the removal of Mary Plant from Leek had been squashed

The large sums of money left in wills by Condlyffe’s to the widow and 2 sons of my # # grandfather are the strongest evidence but no help to the actual father

Perhaps some members of Plant Famrly History Group may know something

WKP note re - Removal Orders ._

Where the legal place of settlement for a pauper was in drspute between parishes the matter could be referred to Quarter Sessions whrch would rssue a removal order in accordance wrth then verdict

These papers date from 1691 and were dtrected at regulating the flow of famrltes Into already over populated parishes The famrhes or indrviduals were queshoned by two Jusbces of the Peace In order to establrsh therr last place of settlement to which they would be returned rf they needed poor relief

Settlement was gained through brrth, apprenticeship, marriage, employment for over a year, contnbutron to pansh rates, or restdence in property worth over ten pounds a year If none of these condrtions was fulfilled, the authorities had power to order a Removal back to the last legal settlement, under escort by the parish constable

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43

and on.: of us of the C&orum~ c--__. -

i.. .-: L

la jikeiy to be c hargeable to the faid ~~~~r~~’ - ’ of- !4%&-,32*,2L 7- -. - We-‘the faid JulTicesj~

ro&made thereof, as we11 upon the Exammatron of /k&L --- _-.--- tipon Oath,

as other&e, a;d lrkewife upon due Confidera*ion had of the Premifes, do adjudge the fame to be true ; and we do Irkcwnc adjudge, that the l.rwlul Settl~mrnt of X%---7 the fard

is in the L&i .ZAL&

in the faid tiTA, ---- 7 of e therefore requtre ou the &- Poor of the ihid .&,-h,~ys of or fqme or one of you, to convey the

___-.- -- --- p.-- - - -- -

to the Church:\Vardens and Ovcrfeers of the Poor there, or to fbme or one of them, togrthcr ~rth this our Order, or a true Copy thereof: And we do hereby requue you the fardChur&- Wardcnqand Overfeers of rhe Poor of the Card TGZKMK+ 4P %-ff-&L”~~ II - A!%.

to recetve and provide for as fn+Inhabitant of your

CI1$cuz; out IIands and Se+ the T Lrwr/*--

~Wsxfl~~ Day of & r 1

j ,,f- a/, 9 - m the \‘ex of our Lord? One thourand I /a

l EXTRACTS FROM COVENTRY AND LICHFIELD DIOCESE l

. ORDINATION REGISTER .

1 Source. Lichfield Joint Record Office: B/A/1/12 f 279 r

IMe Register of &hop John Hales of Coventry and Ltchfield

1 June 1482 Llohfield Cathedral

Orders sacfed and general celebrated WI the cathedral church of tichfield, Saturday Ember Day, to wit, I June 1482, by the venerable father tom’ Robertby of the grace of God bishop of Achonry in the piace of authority of the reverend father and lord h Chnst lord John by the grace of God bishop of Coventry and Lichfield

Subdeacons regular

Brother Ulilliam Plonte canon of the priory of Stone, order of St Augustine.

Deacon = an ordained mrnisferranking immedtafely below a priest

Regular = subject to the rule of an established relgious order

2 Source. Lichfield Joint Record Oftice B/A/1/12 f 280 r

Title: Register of Bishop John Hales of Coventry and Llchfield

21 September 1482 Llchfield Cathedral

.I

Orders general celebrated m the cathedral church of tichtield, Saturday Ember Day, 21 September 1482, by fhe reverend father in Christ Robert by the grace of Gad bishop of Achonry, by authority of the reverend father John bishop of Covenfry and Lichtield.

Deacons Religious

Brofher William Plant of Stone

3 Soutce. Llchfield Joint Record Office B/AN12 f 284 v

Tttle: Register of Brshop John Hales of Coventry and Llchfield

20 September 1483 Llchtield Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Ochiield, Saturday Ember Day, to wti, 20 September 1483, by lord Roberf by the grace of God bishop of Achonry, by aufhonty of the Reverend father and lord in Chnst lord John by fhe grace of God bishop of Coventry and Llchrie/d.

..-

Priests secular [sic, for regutarj

48

Brofher Wllian Plonf of the order of St Augusbne of the priory of Stone

4 Source. Lrchheld Jotnt Record Office: B/A/1/13 f 130 v

Tulle Regtster of the Drocese of Coventry and Ltchfield

22 December 1492 Lrchgeld Cathedral

.”

Orders genera/ celebrated in the cafhedral church of Lrchfield, Saturday, Ember Day, to wit, 22 December fhe year abovesaid [I4921 by the abovesaid Reverend fafher the bishop of Down, by sufforent author@ given to bm by the Keepers of fhe Sprrituaflfy rn his behalf.

Acolytes secular

John Plant

Coventry and Lfchfield drocese

Acolytes = minor church officer

Secular = not belonging to religrous order.

5 Source: Lrchheld Joint Record Office B/N1113 f 173 r

Title Register of Bishop Willtam Smith of Coventry and Lichfield

1 June 1493 Lichffeld Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Lfchfield, Saturday, Ember Day, to wrf I June 1493 by the Reverend father and lord in Chnst ford W/lam by the grace bishop of Covenfry and Lichfield

.” Subdeacons secular

Coventry and Lichfield diocese

John Pfantf by bf/e of the pnory of Canwaff

6 Source Lichfield Jomt Record Office B/AA/13 f 175 r

Trtle Register of Brshop Willtam Smrth of Coventry and Lrchheld.

21 September 1493 Ltchgeld Cathedral

Orders sacred and genera/ celebrafed in the cathedral church of Lichffefd, Saturday, Ember Day, to wit 21 September 1493 by the Reverend father and ford in Christ, ford William by the grace of God brshop of Coventry and Lichfield

Deacons secular

Coventry and Lichfield diocese

.^ John Planff by tit/e of the prfory of Canwall

41

7 Source Ltchfield Jomt Record Office B/A/1/13 f 177 v

Title Register of Bishop Wtlltam Smith of Coventry and Lrchfield

22 February 1494 Lrchfield Cathedral

Orders sacred and genera/ celebrated in the cathedral church of Lichfield, Safurday, Ember Day, to wit 22 February 1943[/4] by the Reverend father and lord in Christ, lord w//ram by the grace of God bishop of Coventry and Lichrield

Pnests secular

Coventry and Lrchfield drocese

John P/ant by trtte of the priory of Canwall .-

8 Source Ltchtleld Jotnt Record Office B/A/1/13 f 291 r

Title: Register of Btshop John Arundel of Coventry and Ltchfield

19 December 1500 Lichfield Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Lichfiekt, Saturday, Ember Day, to wit, 19 December 1500, by the Venerable father in Chnsf, lord Thomas by the grace of God bishop of Panados, by authority of the Reverend father and ford in Christ, lord John by divine penmssron bishop of Covenfry and Lichfield given to him in this behalf

Acolytes secular

Coventry and Lichfield diocese

Richard P/ant

9 Source Ltchfield Joint Record Office: B/A/1/13 f 293 r

.- Tulle Regrster of Bishop John Arundel of Coventry and Lichtield

19 March 1501 Lichgeld Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Lichfield, Ember Day in the first week of Lent, to wit, 19 March in the year of the lord, by the compufafron of the Englrsh church, 15OOtH], by the Venerable father in Christ, lord Thomas by the grace of God bishop of Panados, by arifhonty of the Reverend father and lord in Christ, lord John by divine pennissron bishop of Coventry and Lichtiefd, given to hrm in this behalf

Subdeacons secular

Coventry and Lichrield diocese

Richard P/ante by bf/e of the monastery of Kenelworth

48

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10 Source.Lichfteld Jomt Record Office B/A/1/13 f 296 r

Trtle Regrster of Ershop John Arundel of Coventry and Lichgeld

5 June 1501 Lichfield Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Lfchfield, Saturday, Ember Day, to wit, 5 June 7501, by the Venerable fafher and lord in Christ, lord 7homas by the grace of God bishop of Panados, by authority of the Reverend father and lord in Chnst, lord John Brshop of Coventry and Lichfietd

Deacons secular

Coventry and Lichfield diocese

Richard Planfe by trfle of the monastery of Kenetworth

11 Source Lichgeld Joint Record Office: B/A/l/14 II p 163

Title. I- Coventry and Ltchfield Dtocese Ordination Register

5 June 1512 Lichfield Cathedral

Orders sacred and genera/ celebrated in the cathedral church of Lichfield 2 June 1512 by the reverend fafher in Chnst lord Thomas by the grace of God bishop of Panados

[Acolytes secular]

Robert Plant

Richard P/ant

12 Source.Lrchfield Joint Record Office B/M/14 II p 185

Tttle. Coventry and Ltchfteld Diocese Ordtnabon Register

24 September 1513 Ltchheld Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated m the cathedral church of Lichfield 24 September the year abovesaid[l573] by the reverend father in Christ lord Thomas by the grace of God bishop of Panados

Subdeacons secular

Thomas Can-e

Robert P/ant

R/chard P/ant Henry Stafford

) by btle of the monastery of Dreulencres

3

) by title of the monastery of Dieulencres 3

49

13 Source Llchfleld Joint Record Office B/A11114 II p 189 .-

Title Coventry and Llchtield Diocese Ordinahon Register

17 December 1513 Lichtield Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated rn the cathedral church of Lichgeld 17 December the year abovesaid [I5131 by the reverend father in Christ lord Thomas by the grace of God bishop of Panados

Deacons secular

l

Richard Planfe ) by ftfle of the monasfery of Dieulenores Richard Yonge 3

Robert P/ante ) by tifte of the monastery of Dieulencres

*

14 Source: Lichtield Joint Record Office: 6/AI1/14 II p 193

Title: Coventry and Lichfield Diocese Ordinahon Register

11 March 1514 .- Lichtield Cathedral

Orders sacred and general celebrated in the cathedral church of Lichfield II March the year abovesaid [1513/4] by the reverend father in Christ lord 7homas by the grace of God bishop of Panados

Priests secular

Richard P/ante Rrchard Hayton

] by btte of the monastery of Dreulenwes

Robert Plant Richard Stone

] by btie of the monastery of Dieulencres

._

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