full wave rectifier project

7/24/2019 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER PROJECT

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the following physics project on FULL WAVE

RECTIFIER for

All India Senior School Certificate Ea!ination "AISSE# $%&'(

$%&) original and a*thentic wor+ of ,(

-A.E ,( AS/IS/ 0U.AR

CLASS ,( 1II 2 A$

3f 4elhi 5*6lic School7 0ar!i+ -agar7 4han6ad

Roll -o,(

To the 6est of !y +nowledge and has 6een satisfactorily done and

s*6!itted *nder !y s*per8ision9

SU:;ECT TEAC/ER E1A.I-ER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:-

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I would like to thank my school Delhi PublicSchool, Dhanbad for giving me an opportunityto carry out this project. I have learnt a lot inthis process and hope that the knowledge Ihave gained will be helpful in future.

With great pleasure I would like to epress my

deep sense of gratitude towards my parents fortheir immense support and guidance. !heyhave heaped me throughout. I would like tothank both "r.Sukumar Patra and #$% $sst. "r.%hudev &oswami for guiding me on step bystep basis and ensuring that I completed all myeperiments with ease.

I would be failing in my duty if I do not thankmy classmates for their creative and usefulideas that I have tried to implement in thisproject.

#ast but not the least I am indebted to internetsources such as &oogle, Wikipedia and many

more without which my project would not havebeen complete.

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INDEX

AIM

INTRODUCTION

THEORY INVOLVED

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING

OBSERVATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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AIM

!o construct a full wave

recti'er and show that the

$lternating (omponents are

recti'ed into a direct

current.

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INTRODUCTION:-

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the

alternating current components in an alternating supply and make

it purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of an

alternation current are rectified in a full wave rectifier which is an

advantage over a half wave rectifier. Most electronic devices

cannot withstand very high voltage or alternating current due to itsintense high power. The use of batteries in all devices is not

practical as their replacement and durability is a huge problem as

the device has to be dismantled each time for such a replacement.

So these rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like

TVs !adios "hargers #ightings etc. There are several stages in a

rectifier. $ased on their rectification they are classified into two.

The single staged % multi staged.

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&n the multi staged rectifiers more than two diodes are used and

these are used in the above'mentioned devices. The singled staged

rectifier has only ( diodes the one we are to discuss in this pro)ect.

The multi diode rectifier has only ( diodes the one we are to

discuss in this pro)ect. The multi diode rectifiers has an efficiency

* +4.,- while that of the single is only /.(-

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THEORY INVOLVED:-

The input transformer steps down the A." mains from (01V

2nominal3 to ,V between the center tap and either of the two ends

of the secondary winding. The transformer has a capability of

delivering a current of 11 mA. The ,V A." appearing across the

secondary is the !MS value of the waveform and peak value

wouldbe .4.(, 8olts= The diodes rectify the A." waveform

appearing across the secondary with the help of alternate forward

and reverse biasing. The capacitor further filters ++- of the

resident components and this is let to pass through the resistance

and emerges out as 5ve and 6ve. The bulb connected verifies the

output as it works on 7irect "urrent and if used on an Alternating

"urrent the fluctuation will burn out the bulb.

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Materials reqire! i" t#e $%"str$ti%":-

"onnecting wires a plug single lead wire ' (m 0 6 nuts % $olts

of ( to 0 cm length "ircuit board of mica a small bo8 to place the

model a transformer A capacitor A !esistor 2/ 9 3 :'; )unction

diodes &nsulation tape $lades soldering wa8 soldering lead

soldering iron % sand paper.

Details %& t#e 'aterials se!

i( "onnecting wires and a plug A normal insulated

copper wire able to withstand (01 6 (1 v is re


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)( Soldering wa8 % lead The wires are to be soldered

firmly to make the connection tight so for this a thin lead

wire is re


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The ability of a metal to store electric charges measures the

capacitances of a conductor. &t provides high impedance to

Alternating "urrent and stores them while all the 7."

components are let to pass. There are different types of

capacitors 6

a3 :A!A##@# :#AT@ "A:A"&T?!

b3 S:>@!&"A# "A:A"&T?!

c3 "#&;7!&"#A# "A:A"&T?!

>ere we deal with a "ylindrical "apacitor. &t consists of two

coa8ial conducting cylindrical shells.

&t does not dissipate any power % the energy stored in it e


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*( A !esistor

A resistor is an electronic components whose resistance value

tells us about the opposition it offers to the flow of electric

current. !esistance is measured in ohms 2 3.

!esistance can be connected in ( ways 6

&n series

! C 2!/ 5 !( 5 !0 D..3

%

&n :arallel

+++= .....

0

/

(

/

/

//

RRRR

*i( +-N ,"$ti%" Di%!es

Fhen one side of a semiconductor crystal 2Germanium or

silicon3 is doped with acceptor impurity atoms and the other

side with donor impurity atoms a :'; )unction is formed. &t is

also called a semiconductor or crystal diode. Fhen diffusion of

the two regions occur a resultant potential barrier is created

between the two sides due to migration of electrons and holes.

Fhen the diode is connected with : side to positive terminal of

a battery % ; side to 6ve terminal it is said to be forward biased

% reverse biased when reversed. &n forward biasing the applied

positive potential repels the holes and turns a current is made to

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flow overcoming the &nternal potential $arrier. Fhile in reverse

biasing the 6ve electrons /st attract the holes and widen the

$arrier and then only the repulsion between the inner electrons

occur and current flows. So theoretically no current flows

through due to the widening of the :otential barrier but

practically a very small current does flows through.

7ifferent types of diodes are present 6

/. Hener diode

(. :'; )unction diode

0. #@7

4. #A7

. Solar cell

>ere we use a :'; )unction diode. The grayish ring indicated

the ; side and the $lack colouration the : side.

*ii( Einally small e


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

C%""e$ti%" !etails

"onnections are done as in the circuit. The A.". supply is given to

both the input wires of the transformer and the two ends of the

secondary coil is given to the : side of the two diodes and the ; side

of the diodes are twined and then connected to one end of the

capacitor and the other end to the center tap lead and to the resistor.

Eurther the other end of capacitor with the diode connection is

connected to the other end of the resistor . "onnect ( leads on boththe ends of the resistor to measure the output and this is connected to

the 5ve % 've terminals of the bulb.

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WORKING:-

/stwhen the A.". is supplied to the transformer it steps down the

(01V main supply to , volts. &t has a capability of delivering a current

of 11mA. The , volts A.". appearing across the secondary is the

!MS valur and the peak value is (, or .4 volts. 7uring the /st

half cycle of the A.". input 7iode 7/ is forward biased and a current

I& flows in the circuit in the direction S/7/A$@?S/. 7uring this

time diode 7( is reverse biased. So it does not conduct any electric

current. 7uring the ne8t half cycle the diode 7( is forward and 7/ is

reversed. >ence 7( conducts current in the direction S(7(A$@?S(

and 7/ does not conduct any current. &n subse


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$y the use of more number of diodes the efficiency can be increase to

a ma8imum of +4.,-. >ere we only use ( diodes. The use of multiple

capacitors also nearly filters all A." components from the supply and

resistance is ad)usted for the re


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O./ERVATION:

Reslt:

A full Fave rectifier is constructed % output voltage for different

output resistance is measured and tabulated.

"apacitance 2"3 2E3 !esistance 2!3 29 3 ?utput Voltage 27"3/111 1 /.10

/111 (+., /0./

/111 ,,/., /4.,+

/111 ,0., /4.,

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.I.ILIOGRA+HY:-

/3@lectronic pro)ects for beginners by

A.9 Manini

(3www.google.com

03www.wikipedia.com

43;cert te8tbook for class K&&

3"omprehensive practical book for class

K&&

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http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/

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