fun and games linux game servers

Fun and Games Linux Game Servers

Joseph Guarino Owner/Sr. Consultant Evolutionary IT

www.evolutionaryit.com

http://www.evolutionaryit.com/

Copyright © Evolutionary IT 2008 2

Objectives

?


Objectives

FUN!FUN!


What is that!?

1. Something that brings us joy, laughter or amusement.

2. Something we need more of in our complex adult lives..

3. Video games!


Let's Play!

Identify the game.


Example


Example

©Atari 1972


Example

©Atari 1980


Example

©Namco 1980


Example


Example

© ID Software 1993


Example

© Apogee 1996


Example

©Jaleco 1998


Example

© ID Software 1999


Example

© Epic Games 2004


Example

© Epic Games 2007


Ok...

Now some real objectives...


Objectives

● Demystify FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)

● Have some fun with FOSS and show you how you can build nearly ANYTHING with it. In particular a home game server.

● FOSS Security and Networking Options (UFW/Pfsense)

● Quick overview of FOSS Virtualization choices.

● 2 Example game setups


Who am I?

● Joseph Guarino

● Working in IT for last 15 years: Systems, Network, Security Admin, Technical Marketing, Project Management, IT Management

● CEO/Sr. IT consultant with my own firm Evolutionary IT

● CISSP, LPIC, MCSE, PMP

● www.evolutionaryit.com

http://www.evolutionaryit.com/


?

How many of you are familiar with or use Linux or Free and Open Source Software in

some way?


What is FOSS/FLOSS?

Free and Open Source Software Alternative term to describe software spectrum

from free to open. FLOSS or Free/Libre/Open-Source Software. Libre is used to clarify the ambiguity of the word

free in English.

Dental Hygiene?

What is FOSS?

● Represents a spectrum of licenses from Free to Open.

● FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) is a software licensing model that allows anyone the liberty to use, extend and distribute the software as they see fit.

● FOSS is unique as well in that it produces innovation quickly by the very concept of open, cooperative, collaborative efforts.

● Commercial software is much more restrictive.


FOSS vs Commercial Software

Licensed with very specific rights associated with its use, modification, distribution and use that are not commonly available to a user via commercial “closed” software.

Software licenses of traditional commercial software define specific permission, rights and restrictions.

Licensee determines the license terms. Much more restrictive that FOSS. Freedom, sharing, collaboration are not inherit parts of

this traditional “closed” model which typifies the traditional software industry.


What FOSS is NOT

● ≠ Freeware● ≠ Shareware● ≠ Public Domain Software● ≠ Malware, spyware, adware, badware

etc. Community standards general prohibit this.


Types of FOSS

The licensing spectrum..


Many FOSS Licenses● There are many FOSS licenses

each which allow different rights and responsibilities

● Most popular are GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License, BSD License, Mozilla Public License, MIT License and the Apache License.

● OSI Licenses – OSI Software Definition http://opensource.org/licenses/

● FSF Licenses – Free Software Definition http://www.gnu.org/licenses/

http://opensource.org/licenses/

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/


OSI● OSI – non-profit created in 1998

by Bruce Perens & Eric Raymond to promote “open source.”

● Open source was a repositioning of free software with a term that was to clear up the ambiguity seen in the term free.

● Attempt was to make free software provide a more business friendly effort.

● Uphold and promotes Open Source Definition.

● http://www.opensource.org/

http://www.opensource.org/


Common FOSS

Misperceptions..


FUD is wrong

Fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD) that FOSS is not unstable, untested, insecure

software. It's quite the opposite...


Few facts of note

FOSS FACTS


FOSS FACTS

● FOSS IS everywhere!● Have you used that Internet?● > 50% of Webservers (Netcraft),

~65-70% DNS, >50%(ISC) Email Servers (Credentia/O'Reilly).

● It has been critical in the evolution of the Internet.

http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web_server_survey.html

http://www.isc.org/ops/ds/reports/2008-01/dist-servsoft.php

http://www.credentia.cc/research/surveys/smtp/200304/

http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/sysadmin/2007/01/05/fingerprinting-mail-servers.html


FOSS FACTS

● Supercomputer – 75% of supercomputers run Linux. www.top500.org

● Rendering Farms – Dominates Disney/Pixar, Dreamworks, Sony, etc.

● SOHO – Linksys, Netgear, D-Link● Mobile Phones – Android, Openmoko● Even toys! LEGO Mindstorm NXT

http://www.top500.org/stats/list/30/os


Who uses it?

● Redhat, Sun, Dell, IBM, HP, Novell, Oracle, Intel,Canonical are big players behind it.

● Business, government, military, educational and scientific community, i.e. NSA, FBI, CIA, NSF, NASA, Wall Street.

● Google, Yahoo, Adobe, Juniper.● I bet its on your corporate network, at home, in

your car or phone right now.


Why

The FOSS model works...


FOSS Model works

● The FOSS model of cooperative, collaborative efforts yields amazing innovations but that hardly only applies to software.

● It has been applied in many other ways:

● Education – OLPC, MIT OpenCourseWare, Wikipedia, California Open Source Textbook

● Scientific – Boinc, Cambia, Human Genome Project, GenBank, Tropical Disease Initiative


FOSS and Capitalism

● Some have mischaracterized FOSS as diametrically opposed to capitalism.

● Those suppositions show a fundamental lack of understanding of FOSS and its business model.

● FOSS thrives for many reasons.● Business involvement is one of them.


Industry Projections

● Sales of open source software will grow from $1.8bn in 2006 to $5.8bn in 2011. Matt Lawton, program director for IDC's Open Source Software Business Models research program, typified the current market as "immature" and in the "early stages".


Distro/OS Options

Freedom and choice are yours


OS's (Linux/Unix - Commercial)

● Linux/Unix Distros -● Redhat - www.redhat.com ● Novell - www.novell.com● Canonical – www.canonical.com● Sun – www.sun.com● Commercial support● All of these projects have a community

driven effort.

http://www.redhat.com/

http://www.novell.com/

http://www.canonical.com/

http://www.sun.com/


OS's (Linux/Unix - Community)

● Debian Linux - www.debian.org● Slackware - www.slackware.com● Ubuntu - www.ubuntu.com● Gentoo - www.gentoo.org● Fedora - www.fedoraproject.org● OpenSUSE - www.opensuse.org● Open Solaris - www.opensolaris.org

http://www.debian.org/

http://www.slackware.com/

http://www.ubuntu.com/

http://www.gentoo.org/

http://www.fedoraproject.org/

http://www.opensuse.org/

http://www.opensolaris.org/


BSD's

● FreeBSD - www.freebsd.org

● OpenBSD - www.openbsd.org

● Both are community driven but community support is available.

● No single company drives projects.

● OpenBSD has stellar security history. Project is model of success of security in the Open Source world.

● Only 2 remote holes in the default install in 10 years!

● O'Bsd brought you OpenSSH, OpenBGPD, OpenNTP and OpenCVS.

http://www.freebsd.org/

http://www.openbsd.org/


Changing


Our Game Server Network

We are building our example/demo network on...


Our server of choice

Ubuntu Server


Ubuntu Server

● Ubuntu server is a very good choice for almost any application you can dream up.

● Open, flexible, scalable and secure.● Very supportable - support options are

supernumerary.● Landscape management suite.● Yes, Ubuntu rocks on the server as well!


Ubuntu Server

● Based upon the long heritage of Debian GNU/Linux

● Characterized by six month release cycle● Suitable for nearly any enterprise need

from desktop to core infrastructure.● Web, Email, DNS, File Server, Database,

Routing, Firewall, etc.● Anything.


Ubuntu Family

● Ubuntu – Core desktop effort.

● Kubuntu – Ubuntu but with KDE desktop environment.

● Edubuntu – Ubuntu with focus on educational space.

● Xubuntu – Ubuntu “light” with snappy Xfce with minimal hardware requirements.

● Ubuntu Server – Ubuntu core with server focus minus desktop, etc.


Ubuntu Server Features

● Xen Virtualization, LTSP (Linux Terminal Server Project), VMWare Virtualization, KVM (Kernel based virtual machines).

● 500 maintained and supported packages and over 20,000 thousands other packages for every possible need.

● Red Hat Cluster Suite, Red Hat GFS, Oracle's OCFS2 File system.

● AppArmor security framework.

● Pre-configured install options for Mail Server, File Server, Print Server, Database Server, DNS, LAMP

● Support for x86, AMD64, and UltraSPARC T1 architectures.


Ubuntu Package● Webserver – Apache, Aol server

● Mailserver – Postfix, Exim, Dovecot, Zimbra

● Proxy Server/Content Control – Squid, DansGuardian, SquidGuard, HAVP

● Database Server – MySQL, PostgreSQL, DB2

● DNS/DHCP – ISC Bind

● File Server – NFS, Samba

● Print Server - Cups

● Directory Server – OpenLdap, Fedora Directory Server

● Router - Quagga

● Firewall – Shorewall, Fwbuilder, Firestarter

● VPN – OpenVPN, SSL-Explorer, OpenSwan


APT

● Advanced Packaging Tool is a package management tool.

● Handles the retrieval, configuration and installation of software packages.

● Automatic dependency checking and resolution.

● Relies on repositories which are central “stores” of available packages.

● Has a myriad of front-ends such as Aptitude, Synaptic, Adept.


Repositories

● 4 Components – based on whether or not it supports Free Software Philosophy

● Main – Free software that gets security updates and its fully supported.

● Restricted – Not completely free & partially supported.

● Universe – Snapshot of FOSS world with most any application you can find in the open source world. Variety of licenses.

● Multiverse – Not free and not supported.


APT Examples

● Note: root is disabled by default so sudo allows you to run commands with superuser privileges

● apt-get install packagename – installs software package

● apt-get remove packagename – removes package'

● apt-get update – updates list of software packages.

● apt-get upgrade – installs upgrades of all packages currently installed.

● apt-get dist-upgrade – upgrades to latest release.


Don't fear the CLI

● Great Documentation - Ubuntu is extremely well documented online and in the publishing world.

● man – will pull up the manual pages and help you quite a bit.

● Ex. man man


Ubuntu Support

● Commercial support is available from the Ubuntu Marketplace and Canonical.

● Ubuntu Forums● Ubuntu IRC● Ubuntu Mailing Lists● Ubuntu LoCo Teams

http://ubuntuforums.org/

http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community/chatirc

http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community/mailinglists

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList


Open

Virtualization Options


Open Virtualization

● As with nearly every other space in the IT industry FOSS has a strong/compelling set of offerings.

● So if you want to reduce physical, power, cooling footprint.

● Virtualization does a good thing for your wallet AND the environment.

● It helps to not annoy your significant other, wife or roomies with racks of servers.


Prevent Server Sprawl

1958 Physicist William Higinbotham's Tennis for Two game. Now thats a gaming rig!


Or this...


Open Virtualization

● Xen - http://www.xen.org/

● Virtual Box - http://www.virtualbox.org/

● QEMU - http://bellard.org/qemu/

● Linux KVM - (Kernel based Virtual Machine) - http://kvm.qumranet.com/kvmwiki

● OpenVZ - http://openvz.org/

http://www.xen.org/

http://www.virtualbox.org/

http://bellard.org/qemu/

http://kvm.qumranet.com/kvmwiki

http://openvz.org/


FOSS Networking

So many choices


Networking

● There are supernumerary firewall/routing options in the FOSS world.

● PFSense - www.pfsense.org● IPCOP - www.ipcop.org● Untangle - www.untangle.com● OpenWrt - www.openwrt.org● DD-WRT - www.dd-wrt.com

http://www.pfsense.org/

http://www.ipcop.org/

http://www.untangle.com/

http://www.openwrt.org/

http://www.dd-wrt.com/


Our firewall choice


PFSense

● Based on Monowall

● Built on FreeBSD 6.1 with PF firewall from OpenBSD

● BSD License

● Live CD, Embedded, Hard Drive Install

● Simple web management GUI

● Can be built on i386, embedded, WRAP

● Wifi support a/b/g, WEP, WPA/WPA2

● Ipsec/PPTP/SSL VPN


PFSense Cont.

● DNS, DHCP, Dynamic DNS support

● Traffic Shaping with ALTQ

● Multi WAN

● Load Balancing

● Fail over CARP

● Dozens of plug-ins to expand

● Commercial support available from dozens of vendors

● http://www.pfsense.org



PFSense Hardware Requirements

● Hard drive installation

– CD-ROM for initial installation

– CPU - 100 MHz Pentium

– RAM - 128 MB

– 1 GB hard drive

– Supported NIC's

● Embedded

– 128 MB Compact Flash card

– Serial port for console

● PFSense Hardware Compatibility List

http://www.pfsense.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=46&Itemid=51


Netgate

● Quality vendor of embedded systems with a focus on FOSS compatibility.

● Perfect for firewall, wireless, routing,etc.● Netgate M1n1wall firewall 3E/USB● www.netgate.com

http://www.netgate.com/product_info.php?cPath=60_85&products_id=311

http://www.netgate.com/


Remember

Don't forget!


Um, Yeah

● Give your server a static IP.● Note the ports your server will use.● DHCP got you down? Use Dynamic DNS

such as DynDNS.● Dynamic DNS Providers

http://www.dyndns.com/

http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Internet/Protocols/DNS/DNS_Providers/Dynamic_DNS/


Yeah! Please do!

● Patch your OS's and applications before you go live and with consistency there after. In your case join Ubuntu Security Announce Mailing List.

● Shut off/remove unneeded services or daemons. Thats easy on Ubuntu server. =)

● Enable and configure firewall, logging and even a HID framework if you like.

● Open ONLY the required ports.

https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-security-announce

http://www.debuntu.org/how-to-manage-services-with-update-rc.d


Onward to the world of...

VIDEO GAMES!


Interesting Quote

Video games are bad for you? That's what they said about rock and roll.

SHIGERU MIYAMOTO


Interesting Quote

Video games are a waste of time for men with nothing else to do.

RAY BRADBURYSalon.com, Aug. 29, 2001


Actually...

November 2005 Nielsen Active Gamer Study

A survey of 2,000 regular gamers, found that the U.S. games market is diversifying. The age group among male players has expanded

significantly into the 25-40 age group. For casual online puzzle-style and simple mobile cell phone games, the gender divide is more or less

equal between males and females. Females have been shown to be significantly attracted to playing certain online multi-user video games that offer a more communal experience, and small amount of young

females have been shown to play “aggressive” games that are sometimes thought of as being "traditionally male" games.

41% of PC gamers are women. - ESRB


Industry Facts

● Most estimate nearly $10 billion market it the U.S. alone.

● According to NDP Group, Console and portable software sales: $6.2 billion, console and portable hardware and accessory sales: $3.7 billion, PC game sales: $1.1 billion in 2007.

● >100 million gamer worldwide as of 2005. Deutsche Bank Alex Brown.


FOSS Gaming

A few key contributions relating to our highlighted games....


id Software

● Founded 1991 by John Carmack (Lead Programmer), John Romero (Programmer), Tom Hall (Game Designer), Adrian Carmack (artist)

● Amazing powerhouse of innovation in the gaming industry. HUGE contribution to Open Source.

● Licensed its core engine (Keen, Wolfenstein, Doom, Quake, Quake II, Quake II) to other game producers.


id Software

● John Carmack open sourced all major engines under GPL.

● Future releases will be made FOSS after 5 years.

● id spurred innovation in gaming and especially in the FOSS space.

● Thank you ID Software!


ID's FOSS Engine Brethren

● ioquake3● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioquake3● DarkPlaces● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DarkPlaces

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioquake3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DarkPlaces


2 Game Servers Examples


Nexuiz


Nexuiz

● Cool futuristic first-person shooter with single and multi-player modes.

● 9 weapons, 24 official maps and over 200 community maps.

● Very cool slick GUI. ● Think Quake or UT.


Nexuiz

● Alientrap Software● GNU GPL (maps, models, everything)● DarkPlaces (modified Quake Engine)● Linux/Unix, OS X, MS Windows


Nexuiz Setup/Config

● Unzip -d to where you want it. Usually sub directory of home directory is easiest.

● READ the readme file in Nexuiz/Docs/

● Copy Nexuiz/Docs/server/server_linux.sh into Nexuiz

● Copy Nexuiz/Docs/server/server.cfg into Nexuiz/data

● Change the variables below and comment out anything you don't want enabled.


Nexuiz server.cfg

● hostname – will be the name of your server.

● sv_motd – your message or insult of the day.

● Maxplayers – max # of players.

● Port – the port you want the server to run on. UDP 26000 is the default Nexuiz server port.

● sv_public – set server to public or not.

● rcon_password – set if you want remote management password.


RCON

● Rcon allows remote administration of the server.

● Pick a strong password. ● Can login while on your client connected

to the server or add rcon password to your client config.

● Rcon User Guide

http://gameadmins.com/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=7


UFW

● Ubuntu's Uncomplicated Firewall.● Simple syntax. Can use service name in /

etc/services or PF syntax.● Man ufw. =P


UFW for Nexuiz

● sudo ufw logging on

● sudo ufw default deny

● sudo ufw allow ssh/tcp

● sudo ufw allow 26000/udp

● sudo ufw allow 81/tcp

● sudo ufw enable

● sudo ufw status


SSH Lockdown

● Don't open up SSH to the internet and choose a weak password!

● You may want to allow SSH from only 1 host on your LAN I.e.

● sudo ufw allow from 192.168.25.225 to 192.168.25.25 port 22

● Consider running on different port, locking external firewall to specific address/network of your “management node, Key based Auth, Denyhosts, Port knocking or Single Packet Auth.

● It might be better to VPN into your PFSense box and then SSH to your server.

http://fosswire.com/2008/01/02/bullet-proof-your-server-2-ssh/

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/securing-ssh.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_knocking

http://www.cipherdyne.org/fwknop/docs/SPA.html


PFSense

● Setup Inbound NAT/Port Forwarding rules for the ports we need for the server to work. Assuming 2 interfaces (LAN/WAN).

● If you have 3 interfaces you can setup LAN/WAN/DMZ).

● 26000 and 81 in the case of Nexuiz.

http://doc.m0n0.ch/handbook-single/#id2598452



PFSense – Port Forward


PFSense Port Forward


Custom Maps

● If you want custom maps you have to install a web or ftp server.

● We are going to install Lighthttpd

● Sudo apt-get install lighttpd

● Cd /etc/lighttpd

● Edit lighttpd.conf

● Put custom maps in /var/www and ~/games/Nexuiz/data

● /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart

http://www.lighttpd.net/


Custom Maps

● Make sure your maps are in /var/http and ~/games/Nexuiz/data

● Start up the Nexuiz server.

● ./server_linux.sh

● fs_rescan

● quit

● ./server_linux.sh

● > /dev/null 2>&1 - Standard Output = 1, Standard Error = 2

● On the Nexuiz console type maps


Nexuiz Setup/Config

● Edit and customize server.cfg● Configure firewall UFW to open UDP

26000. Also open it on PFSense.● Once you locked down the network/server

you can fire up your server.● ./server_linux.sh &● Have some FUN!


Nexuiz Support

● Nexuiz Website● Nexuiz Forum● Nexuiz FAQ● IRC - #nexuiz on irc.quakenet.org

http://www.alientrap.org/nexuiz/

http://alientrap.org/forum/index.php?c=3

http://www.alientrap.org/nexuiz/faq.php


World of Padman

● Fun cartoon like first person shooter.● GNU/GPL● Originally a mod for Q3 Arena● Ioquake3 engine


World of Padman

● No single player or CTF.● Tournament, Free For All,

Deathmatch,Spray for all, Big Balloon (Domination) and Last Man Standing.

● Great maps!● Very FUN!


World of Padman

● Unzip -d to where you want it. Usually sub directory of home directory is easiest.

● Cd into /WoP/wop and edit the config file that corresponds to the server you want.

● In our case edit server-allgametypes.cfg● Change the variables below and comment

out anything you don't want enabled.


World of Padman

● server-allgametypes.cfg

● set sv_hostname – to the hostname you want the server to have.

● set g_motd – set the message of the day.

● set sv_maxclients – max users.

● set bot_enable "1" – enable bots.

● set bot_minplayers – number of bots to add if no humans.


World of Padman

● set g_gametype – gametype you want.

● set rconpassword – set to unique password if you need remote administration. Make sure to comment it out if your not using it.

● set sv_dlURL – place where your custom maps go.

● set sv_pure – set to pure server and reduce cheating.


UFW for WoP

● sudo ufw logging on

● sudo ufw default deny

● sudo ufw allow ssh/tcp

● sudo ufw allow 27960/udp

● sudo ufw allow 81/tcp

● sudo ufw enable

● sudo ufw status


PFSense

● Setup Inbound NAT/Port Forwarding rules for the ports we need for the server to work. Assuming 2 interfaces (LAN/WAN).

● If you have 3 interfaces you can setup LAN/WAN/DMZ).

● 27960 and 81 in the case of Nexuiz.




PFSense – Port Forward


PFSense Port Forward


WoP

● Fire it up!● ./wopded.x86_64 +exec server-

allgametypes.cfg > /dev/null 2>&1 &


WoP Support

● www.worldofpadman.com● WoP Forums● WoP Wiki● WoP Server Guide● IRC #pamod on Quakenet

http://www.worldofpadman.com/

http://padworld.myexp.de/forum/

http://padworld.myexp.de/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

http://home.arcor.de/jgskdfhsbsu46egfkjje/server.xhtml


Quote

I recently learned something quite interesting about video games. Many young people have developed incredible hand, eye, and brain coordination in playing these games. The air force believes these kids will be our outstanding pilots should they fly our jets.

Ronald ReaganAug. 8, 1983


Gaming Benefits

● Next time your wife, girlfriend, significant other asks why you play games.

● Say you are improving your visual acuity, creative problem solving and attention skills.


Are there other FOSS games?

Tons in every gaming genre...


Game Links Galore

● Wikipedia List of Open Source Games● List of Open Source Games● Libre Game Wiki● Dmoz Directory - Open Source Games

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open_source_games

http://wikicompany.org/fs//games.html

http://libregamewiki.org/Main_Page

http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Open_Source/Software/Games/


FOSS Game Sites

● www.linuxgames.com● www.tuxgames.com● www.liberatedgames.com● www.happypenguin.org

http://www.linuxgames.com/

http://www.tuxgames.com/

http://liberatedgames.com/

http://happypenguin.org/


Funny Game Links

● 50 Worst Game Titles Ever● 30 Dumbest Video Game Titles Ever● Some funny video games

http://www.gamerevolution.com/feature/worst_names

http://crave.cnet.co.uk/gamesgear/0,39029441,49296103,00.htm

http://www.dmoz.org/Games/Video_Games/Humorous/


Video Game Science

● Video games improve spatial capacities● Video games improve visual attention skill● Video games improve spacial acuity● Grand Theft Childhood

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071024145626.htm

http://www.bcs.rochester.edu/people/daphne/GreenandBavelier.pdf

http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/spence/Feng, Spence, & Pratt (in press).pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Theft_Childhood


Thanks to..

● All the FOSS game programmers, graphic artists, animators, sound editors, etc. who make these great games possible.

● The entire FOSS community

● Nexuiz Team

● World of Padman Team

● Netgate, PFSense, DD-WRT and Ubuntu

● Boston Network Users Group

http://www.alientrap.org/nexuiz/team.php

http://padworld.myexp.de/index.php?team

http://www.netgate.com/


http://www.dd-wrt.com/

http://www.ubuntu.com/

http://www.bnug.org/

fun and games linux game servers

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