FUn‰¿

[ΩNmcn hnthIcXv\

{XncXv\ {KŸame

\mK]q¿

_p≤hμ\ kq‡ßƒ

Buddha Vandana Sookthanagal(Pali-Malayalam)Marathi Edition 1984Hindi Edition 1994Malayalam Edition 2008EditorDhammachari VivekaratnaTranslated byShyamala.D(Bsc,Hindi Praveen)Published byThriratna GrandhamalaTrailokya Bouddha Maha Sangha Sahayak GanNagapur

_p≤aX BN-cW coXn-Iƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ “_p≤

hμ\ kq‡-߃” F∂ Cu {KŸw BZy-ambn {]Im-i\w sNø-

s∏- Xv admTn-bn-em-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, 30 h¿jw apºv ss{XtemIy

_u≤ alm-kwLv klm-bIv KWns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ alm-cm-

jv{S-bnse ]qs\-bn-em-Wv [Ω {]N-c-W-Øn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-°-

s∏-´-Xv. C∂v, C¥y-bn¬ 18 kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ss{XtemIy

_u≤ alm-kwLv klm-bIv KWns‚ [Ω{]N-cWw hym]n-®n-

´p-≠v. {]tXy-In-®v, \Kv]q-¿ Bÿm-\-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p∂

\mKm¿÷p\m s{Sbn-\nMv C≥Ãn‰yq´v a‰v kwkv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬

[Ωw {]N-cn -∏n -°p -∂-Xn¬ apJy -]¶v hln -°p -∂p -≠v .

\mKm¿÷p\m s{Sbn-\nMv C≥Ãyq‰q´n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-io-e\w

e`n®v ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-´p≈ [Ωan{X-Iƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS kwÿm-\-

ß-fn¬ [Ω {]N-cWw \S-Øn-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ [Ωm-

\p-k-cWw Pohn-°p∂ _u≤sc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw, Ah-

cpsS am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb k¥p-jvSn-tbm-sSm-∏w, {Xnc-

Xv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ (_p-≤w, [Ωw, kwLw) hnizmkw ZrV-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠nbpw Cu ]pkvXIw hf-scb-[nIw {]tbm-P\w

sNøpw.

{]km-[-I Ip-dn∏v

km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ lnμp-aXw Dt]-£n-®mWv _p≤-aXw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v, _u≤-k-aq-l-Øn-\p-th≠n BNm-

cm-\p-jvT-\-߃ {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Imcyw hf-sc-b-[nIw

{i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠vv. Fs¥-∂m¬, aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w sNbvX _u≤

hy‡n-Iƒ _p≤s\ lnμp-a-X-Ønse BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\-߃°-

\p-k-cn®v ]qPn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw _u≤ ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®p≈

am\- n-Im-hÿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®Sp°p≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

CXv Ht∂m ct≠m Znh-kw-sIm≠v km≤y-a-√-Xm\pw. ]c-º-cm-K-

X-amb _u≤ BNm-c- coXn-I-fn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-sX, B[p-\nI

kaq-l-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ ]qPbpw kwkvIm-c-hn-

[n-Ifpw cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xp≠v. AXn-t\m-sSm∏w Xs∂, Po¿Æn-

®-Xpw, Dt]-£n-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb ]pc-Xm\ sslμh kwkvIm-c-ß-

fpsS PU-ßsf ho≠pw \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ Xncn®v hcm-Xn-cn-°p-

hm≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn {i≤n-°-pIbpw thWw.

`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ D]-tZiw A\p-k-cn®v \Ωƒ \ΩpsS

kz¥w mj-bn¬ [Ωw A`y-kn-°p-I-bpw, BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-

Ww. ]qPbv°pw a‰v BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±-in-°-s]-´n-´p≈

]men kp‡-߃ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ kp‡-ßfpsS

]cn-`mj Ah-c-h-cpsS `mj-bn¬ sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ hnhn-[-cmPyßfnse _u≤-P-\X H∂n®p IqSp-tºmƒ,

]men kq‡-ßfpw KmY-Ifpw sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-eqsS

Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ sFIy-hpw, ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw h¿≤n°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Nne kq‡-ß-fn¬ tZh, `qX XpS-

ßnb i_vZ-߃ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Hs∂¶n¬ Ahbv°v DNn-X-

amb _u≤-i_vZ-߃ sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambn am‰-Ww.

AX-s√-¶n¬ icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ iv_Zß-fpsS A¿∞w kv]j-

S-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬, C∂p-hsc DNn-X-amb iv_Z߃ e`n-

°mØXpaqew R߃ B iv_Zßsf Aßs\ Xs∂ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu i_vZßfpsS A¿∞hpw, kv]jvS-amb

hymJym-\hpw ka-bm-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ {]`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw

\¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.

]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§w “]cn{Xm¨ ]mTns\” (_p-≤aX ]qPm-

co-Xn-) lnμp°fpsS kXy-\m-cm-bW ]qP-bv°-\p-k-cn®v

am‰nXo¿Øn-´p-≠v. Cßs\ ]cn-{XmWv ]mTv sNm√p-I-bpw,

tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hy‡n-Iƒ CXns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w

a\- n-em-°n-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§w CXn-

eqsS Hcp kaq-lnI AwKn-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. P\-ßsf

{]_p-≤-cm-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw

sNtø≠h¿ Ahsc A‘-hn-iz-k-Ønepw Zpjn® am\-kn-I-h-

ÿ-bn-ep-am°n em`-ap-≠m°n h©n-°p-I-bm-sW∂v tIƒ°m≥

CS-bm-bn-´p-≠v.

aqe-admTn ]qPm-]p-kvX-Ihpw AXns‚ lnμn X¿÷abpw

H∂n-®p-tN¿Øp-sIm≠v Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-

≠n, tIc-f-Øn¬ [Ω {]Nm-cWw \S-Øp∂ [¿Ω-an-{X-Iƒ, hnti-

jn®v [Ωan{X _nt\mPv _m_p [ΩNmcn hnth-I -c-Xv\°v F√m-

hn[ klm-b-ßfpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.

Cu {KŸw A\p-k-cn-®-pam{Xta F√m _u≤cpw _u≤m-

Nm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ ]n≥Xp-Sm-cmhp F∂p R߃ \¿_-‘n-°p-∂n-√.

Cu {KŸw ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ambn AwKo-I-

cn-°-W-sa∂v R߃ ]d-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ CXv _u≤m-Nm-c-co-

Xn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p-th≠n-bp≈ Hcp Ffnb klmb-

am-bn-cn°pw. tIc-f-Ønse P\-߃°v _p≤-aX BNm-c-

ßsf°pdn-®p≈ Adnhv FØn-°pI F∂p≈ sNdnsbmcp {ia-

amWv. CXn-eqsS R߃ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ hnh-

cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-tØmSv GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ hntbm-Pn-

∏p-s≠-¶n¬ Xm¶-fpsS B A`n-{]mbw Rßsf [cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ AXv [ΩØns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v DX-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v

R߃°v hy‡-am-bm¬ Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ ASpØ {]Imi\

ka-bØv Dƒs]Sp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Cu {KŸØn¬ {]Zn-

]m-Xn-®n-cn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ PohnXw \bn-°p∂ GsXmcp

_u≤cpw icn-bmb _u≤ ]mc-º-cyØn¬ \n∂pw Hcn-°epw

AI-∂p-t]m-Ip -I-bn√ F∂-Xn¬ R߃°v ]q¿Æ-abn

hnizmkap≠v.

Xmbvhm\nep≈ (R. O. C) _p≤ FUyq-t°-j≥

^ut≠-j≥ apJm-¥cw A®-Sn® ]pkvX-I-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬

kuP-\y -ambn hnX-cWw sNøp -hm≥ klm-bn -® - B

A`ypZmbImw£n-Isf hsc A`n-\-μn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w, `mc-

X-Øn¬ [Ω {]NcWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v _p≤ FUyq-t°-j≥

^ut≠-j≥ \¬Inb F√m-k-lm-b-Øn\pw ]pWym\p-tam-Z\w

A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

[ΩNmcn temIan{X

BapJw

“_p≤- hμ\ kq‡-߃” F∂ Cu ae-bmf _p≤-a-

X-{KŸw \nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v

AXn-bmb kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Cu {KŸw ae-bm-fn-I-fmb _u≤¿°v

hf-sc-b-[nIw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.

[Ωm-N-c-W-Øn¬ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v AXn-t‚-Xmb {]m[m\yw

\¬tI-≠-Xp≠.v AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ [Ωm-N-c-

W-Øns‚ `mK-am-°n am-‰-Ww. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ _u≤ P\-X-

bpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpw, kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn°v A\p-

kr-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v Cu BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v [m¿Ωn-

I-X-tb-°mƒ D]cn kmaq-ln-I-amb al-Xz-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ [¿Ω-ß-

fn¬ F{]-Im-c-amtWm ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-

s∏´n-´p≈Xv, AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp {]m[m-\yhpw _u≤-]m-c-º-

cy-Øn¬ C√. AXp-sIm-≠v, _u≤-[Ω-Øn¬ I¿a-Im-

WvUØn\v bmsXm-cp-{]-k-‡n-bp-an-√. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v Aan-

X-amb alXzw Iev]n-®v, AXp-Xs∂ e£y-am-bn-°-cp-Xn-s°m-

≠v, _u≤-[Ω-Øn¬ I¿Ω-ImWvUw krjvSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

\Ωƒ {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cn-°-Ww. AY-hm, GXp hn[n Bcv sN-ø-

Ww, Fß-s\-sN-øWw B¿°p-th-≠n-sN-ø-Ww, Ft∏mƒ

sNøWw Fs∂ms° a‰v aXßfnset∏mse Btem-Nn®v

_u≤[Ωw BN-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw \Ωƒ AI∂v t]mIcpXv.

_u≤ Pohn-X-Øn¬ BNm-c-hn-[n-I-sf-°mƒ {]m[m\yw [Ωm-

N-c-W-Øn-\mWv \¬tI-≠-Xv.

F{]-Im-c-am-tWm, kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p

\n¬°p∂ Hcp hy‡n°v [Ω-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√m-ØXv, A{]-

Imcw Abmƒ°v BNm-c-hn-[n-I-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn-h-

cp-∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ \ma-I-c-Ww, hnhm-lw, ]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w

XpS-ßnb NS-ßp-Iƒ hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬

t]mepw, kmaq-lnI NS-ßp-I-fm-bn-´mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. aXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ°v BNm-c-hn-[n-I-fpsS klm-b-an-√msX Xs∂ Xß-fpsS

Ip´n-Iƒ°v t]cn-Sm≥ Ignbpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ ]ptcm-ln-XcpsS

klm-b-an-√msX {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-h¿°v cPn-ÿ hnhmlw

sNøm\pw km[n-°pw. CXp-sIm-≠¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv, [Ω-Øns‚

\ne-\n¬∏n-\p-th≠n ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ sNø-W-sa-∂-Im-gvN-∏mSv

_p≤-[-Ω-Øn-en-√. F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse P\-߃ Ah-cpsS BZchpw

_lp-am-\hpw {]I-S-am-°p-∂Xv hyXy-kvXhpw kzX-{¥hpw Bb

Ah-c-h-cpsS ssien-I-fnepsSbpw coXn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpam-Wv. Cu

Imcy-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn-emWv \ΩpsS BZ¿i-amb _u≤ K-

hmt\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ imk-\-I-sfbpw kvacn -°p-∂-

Xn\pth≠n Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-

≠v , \ΩpsS BZ¿i-ß-sf {]Xn \ap -°p≈ kvacW

kw£n]vXambnt´m, hnim-e-ambnt´m {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

Bb-Xn-\m¬, BN-c-W-hn-[n-I-fn¬ At\Iw kq‡-ß-fpsS

k©bw D≠m-h-W-sa∂pw _p≤-[Ωw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂n-√. Cu

ImgvN-∏m-Sn-emWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ cN\ \n¿Δ-ln-°-s∏-´n-

´p-f-f-Xv. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ aqe]meo kq‡-ß-tfm-sSm∏w

AXns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-jbpw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. B-Xpt]mse-

Xs∂ _u≤-P-\XbpsS F√m kmaq-lnI NS-ßp-Ifpw Fßs\

sNø-W-sa-∂p≈ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-

Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ [Ω {]N-c-W-

Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≠v, \mKm¿Pp\ s{Sbn-\nwKv

C≥Ãn‰yq- n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- p≈ tIc-f-Ønse [Ω

an{X-I-fpsS B{K-l-{]-Imcw Cu ]pkvXIw hfsc thK-Øn¬

\nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n- p≠v F∂p Rm≥

hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-߃°p-tijw Nne-am-‰-߃

hcp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-ambn ht∂°mw

Cu{KŸw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂

am\y-hy-‡n-Iƒ \njv]-£-ambpw kq£-a-ambpw ]Tn®v [Ω-

Øns‚ D÷z-e-amb `mhn-°mbn A\p-tbm-Py-amb am¿§-\n¿t±-

i-߃ Xcp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Cu {KŸw

`mhn-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-w.

Cu {KŸw \nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v

eoKkn ^≠v IΩ‰n Cw•≠pw (Legacy Fund Committee),tIm¿∏-td-‰v t_mUn Hm^v _p≤ FPyq-t°-j≥ ^ut≠-j≥

Xmbvhm\pw (R.O.C) alXz ]q¿Æ-amb klm-b-߃ \¬In-bn-

´p-≠v. AXp-t]m-se, Cu {KŸw lnμnbn¬ \n∂pw ae-bm-f-Øn-

te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ipamcn iyma-f Un. Xs‚ ZuXyw

hfsc hy‡-ambpw `wKn-bmbpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ipamcn iyma-f

Un., [Ωan{X _nt\mPv _m_p, a‰p [Ω-an-{X-I-ƒ Ch-

cpsSsb√mw klmbkl-I-c-W-߃°v Fs‚ lrZbw \nd™

\μn-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

[Ω-Nmcn hnth-I-cXv\

D≈S°w

`mKw H∂v : kq‡ßƒ `mKw c≠vv : BNmchn[nIƒ

]qPbpsS alXzw 14

hμ\ 22

kcWØbM 22

]©knem\n 24

22 {]Xn⁄Iƒ 26

_p≤]qPm 28

{XncXv\ hμ\ 30

almawKekpØv 36

IcWnbsaØ kpØv 40

cXv\ kpØv 42

PbawKe AjvSKmY 50

k√ kpØv 54

[Ω]me≥ KmY 60

\maIcWw 66

[ΩZo£m kamtcmlWw 68

hnhmlw 72

Zml-I¿Ωw AYhm A¥y-hn[n 77

]pWym\ptamZ\w 80

Krl{]thiw 82

ka¿∏W hn[n 84

ipt`—m 86

Dr.B.R.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv 88

\nXy]mTw 90

14 15

]qP-bpsS alXzw

AXn-{]-mNo\ Imew apX¬ Xs∂ {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp∂

F√m-a-Xßfnepw Xßfp-tS-Xmb A`n-{]mbw AYhm XmXv]cyw

A\p-k-cn®v ap‡n-Zm-Xm-°ƒ°v As√-¶¬ am¿§-Z¿in-

Iƒ°v{]tXyIam-b -]q-P-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

]qP F∂Xv B{K-l-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p--∂-Xn-\p-th≠n,

As√-¶n¬ B{K-l-߃ km[yamIp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n AXp-a-

s√¶n¬ a\- ns‚ ]cnip≤n°p-th≠n Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb Cuiz-

cm-cm-[-\-bpsS hy‡am-°-em-Wv. Cuiz-cm-[n-jvTnXamb {][m-\-

a-X-ß-fn¬ Cu ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ, _nw_-X¿∏Ww, Ah¿ AwK-I-

cn-°p∂ aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse Imhy߃s°m≠v tZh˛tZ-hn-Isf

kvXpXn-°pI, As√-¶n¬ kz¿§-{]m-]vXn-°p-th≠n ]e-X-c-Øn-

ep-ff _en\¬IpI Ch-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Nne¿ imcocnI ]oT-\-ß-tfmSp IqSnb ITn\ X]- p-

Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw A{Xbpw Xs∂ Xo{h{h-X-ß-fnepw tZim-S-\-

ß-fnepw apgp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

_p≤-a-X-Øn¬ ]qPbv°v F¥mWv ÿm\w? _p≤-a-

X-Øn¬ Cuiz-c≥ AXm-bXv GtXm A¤p-X-ambmhn, k¿Δ-

hym]n,k¿Δi‡n-imen, `mKy]nXmhv, k¿Δ-{_-“m-fi-ß-fp-

tSbpw krjvSmhv XpS-ßnb AXnam\pj i‡n-bpsS AkvXnXzw

Xs∂ C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. F¶n¬ ]qP B¿°p-f-f-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]m-

se-Xs∂ Hcp ]s£ Nne aX߃ ]dbp∂ Cuiz-c≥ AZr-

iyambn Cu uXnI-icocØn-ep-ff, ac-W-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb Hmtcm

Ah-b-h-Øn¬ IpSn-sIm-f-fp-Ibpw AXn-t‚-Xmb ]©- q-X-ß-fn¬

ebn-°p-Ibpw tijn-°p-∂h \in-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F¶nepw Xncn-®p-h-chv GXn-t‚-Xm-Wv ? AXp-t]mse ]qP Bcp-

tS-XmWv ? AXy¥w Zp¿{Km-lyamb tNmZy߃ C∂sØ Cu

imkv{XobbpK-Øn-ep-ff _p≤n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS a\kn¬ Np‰n-°-d-

ßp-Ibpw AXv ]pXnb kn≤m-¥-hm-Z-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw

sNøm-dp≠v. F∂m¬ PohnXw ap-gp-h\pw a\p-jycpsS bYm¿∞

sFiz-cyØns‚ Pohn-X-t{km-X pw AXns‚ ]hn-{X-Xbpw, Icp-

Wbpw AXn¬\n∂p e`n-°p∂ kam-[m-\hpw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬, adp-h-iØv A‘-Xbv°v hi-s∏-´- G-sX-¶nepw

]ptcm-ln-X≥ shdpw _nw_m-cm-[-\bpw, {KŸ-]m-cm-b-Whpw,

at{¥m-—m-c-Whpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv CXmWv ap‡n-am¿§-sa∂v

shdptX]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

BZ-c-Wob\mb D¿§-bn≥kwL-c-£nXv [ym\Øn-eq-

sSbpw, AXp-t]mse bp‡n-]-c-amb Nn¥-Ifmepw aq∂p

bm\ßfpsS, (lo-\-bm-\w, alm-bm-\w, h{P-bm-\w) ]T-

\߃sIm≠pw, ‘[Ωm\pk-cnXv,’ ‘{i≤m\pk-cnXv’ Ch-bn-ep-ff

a\-\wsIm≠pw At±lw hfsc hy‡-amb \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØn-

t®¿∂p. “[Ωm-\p-k-cn\pw {i≤m-\p-k-cn-\pw” CS-bn¬ bmsXmcp

hn`-P-\hpw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n√ F∂p ka¿∞n-®p. am{X-a-√,

BZcWob\mb D¿§nb≥kwLc-£nXvv ]d-bp-∂p, Bflob

Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn® Hcp kn≤m-¥-hmZn, _p≤-aX

XXz-ßsf _p≤n-hm-Zn-bpsS am{Xw ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ImWp-tºmƒv

Abmƒ H∂nepw {i≤-bq-∂mØ Hcm-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bmWvsNøp-

∂-Xv . _p≤n -Nn -¥-bpsS A[nIyØn¬ F∂-t]mse,

A[ymfloIX-bpsS {i≤-bn-√m-bvabnte°pw Ch¿ \new]-Xn-°p-∂p.

aX-]-c-amb A\pjvTm-\-߃ shdpw {KŸ ]mcm-b-W-w

am{Xamb¬ B[ymXvanI-X-bpsS {i≤-bn-√m-bva-bn-te°v FØn-

t®-cp-w AXp-t]mse Xs‚ kz¥-amb hnizm-k-Øn¬ A`n-am-\n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp B[ymXvanIKpcp-hns‚ km∂n-[yØn¬

\n∂pw bYm-hn-[n-tbm-sS, hn\-b-tØmSp IqSn ]Tn-°p-∂Xnepw,

Ncn-°p-∂-Xnepw {i≤n-°msX Xs‚ am{Xw [mΩnI, _u≤nI

Z¿i-\-Øn¬ At\z-jWw \S-Øns°m≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬ ‘{i≤m-\p-k-cn≥’ A\p-k-cn®v Hcp hy‡n

_u≤[Ω-Øn¬ Kl-\-am-bXpw, Bg-Øn-ep-apf-f-Xp-amb Z¿i-

\-ß-fn¬ IS-°p-∂-Xn\v, Abmƒ/ Ahƒ ]q¿Æ B[ymflnI

t_m[-tØm-sSm∏w, ka¿∏nX `mh-tØm-Sp -IqSn Xs‚

B[ymflnI Kpcp-hns‚ Imev]m-Sp-Isf ]n≥XpS¿∂v Kpcp-hns‚

\n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ Ncn®v Xs‚ aXw (-I¿Ø-hyw) a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw

Xs‚ Pohn-XsØ [Ω-a-b-am°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

_p≤s‚ aq∂m -asØ Hcp hnin -jvS -in -

jy\mbncp∂p ‘Imb-k-Jn’ At±lw ITn-\-amb tbmKm-\p-jvTm-

\-ß-fn¬°qSn Xs‚ Xs∂ `uXnI ico-c-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´v

\n¬°p∂ Hcp D∂-X-amb B≤ymflnIhpw AXp-t]mse

temtIm-Ø-chpw, AeuInIhpw, Akm-[m-c-Whpw, ]c-a-kpJw

{]]n-°p∂Xpamb Ah-ÿbn-se-Ønbncp-∂p. C{]-Imcw aq∂p

Xc-Øn-ep-ff injy D]m-k-I¿ _p≤aX-Øn-te°v ka¿∏-Ww -

sN-øp-Ibpw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn¬ ⁄m\hpw AXp-t]mse

A\p-`-hhpw t\Sn {Xnc-Xv\-ß-fn¬ icWw {]]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F∂m¬, Ft∏m-gmtWm kwL-Ønse Hcp km[m-cW D]m-k-

I≥ ]q¿Æ hnI-kn-X-\mb/hnI-kn-Xbmb ⁄m\n˛[my\n, Bk-

‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥/ Bk-‡n-bn-√m-Ø-ƒ, Ah-km-\-k-XyØns‚

At\z-jI¿, \n¿Δm-W-{]m-]v-X≥/{]m]vX Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv, AXp-

t]mse am¿§-Zm-Xm-hn-t\mSv tN¿∂v Ncy XpS-cp-Ibpw, am¿§-Zm-

Xm-°ƒ Ft∏m-gmtWm Ncy-]-c-ambn KuXa -_p-≤-\m-Ip-∂Xv

AXp-hsc Abmƒ/Ahƒ \mev BcykXyßfn-te-°p-ff At\z-

jWw XpS-tc-≠-Xp≠v. XpS¿∂v _lp-P≥ln-X-mb, _lp-

P≥kpJmb AYhm _lp-P\ sFiz-cyØn\p-ff am¿§w

hnkvXr-X-am-°p-Ibpw AXns‚^e-ambn AØ-c-Øn-ep-ff

BZ¿ialXvhy‡nIƒ°v ap-∂n¬ IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Æ-amb BZ-

c-hmWv ]qPbpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-°p-∂Xv.

AXm-bXv, kmcmwiw Fs¥-∂m¬ temI-Ønse D∂-

X-\mb BZ¿i -K-hm≥ _p≤\pw, At±l-Øns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw,

aXhpw B D∂X BZ¿i-߃ {]Ncn∏n -°p∂ D∂X

A[ymflnIhy‡nI-fpw Ipe-kw-L-ßfpw Cu {XncXv\-ßsf

{]Xn PmK-cq-I-cm°n {i≤m- m-h-tØmsS, ]q¿Æka¿∏-W-tØmsS

\ne-\n¿Øn- h∂n-cp-∂p. AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv Cu ka¿∏-Ww.

Cu {Xnc-Xv\-ßfpsS al-Ø-c-amb BZ¿ißsf Xß-

fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ kzbw A\p- -h-th-Zy-am-°p∂-Xn-\v Cu B≤ym-

flnI A\p- -h-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kpJ-{]m-]vXn-bpsS A\p- qXn e`n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv \Ωƒ Cu al-flm°-fm¬ As√-¶n¬

AXp-t]mse hninjvS alm-\p-`m-h-≥am-cm¬ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv. AXn-eqsS Hcmƒ°v Cu D∂X B[ymflnIA\p- hw e`n-

°p-Ibpw ]c-a-amb kam-[m\-tØmsSm∏w, \n¿Δm-W-Øns‚

B\μw e`n-°p-Ibpw Cu temI-Øn-ep-ff Aim-¥nbpw AXp-

t]mse A⁄m-\hpw A‘-Im-chpw Zpco-I-cn®v, kXysØ Xncn-

®-dn-bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

AXm-bX,v \Ωƒ _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw XpS-ßnb

D∂X Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSv IrX-⁄-X-bp-ffhcm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw, \Ω-

16 17

ƒ B¥-cn-Ihpw, _mlyhpamb kt¥m-j-ß-ƒ krjvSn-®v AXn-

\mbn kzbw {]b-Xv\n-°p-Ibpw thWw. Fs¥∂m¬ GsXm-

cmƒ°pw B D∂X BZ¿i-ß-fn¬ Pohn®v _p≤Xzw {]m]n-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bpw.

F√m-hn[ BNm-c-hn-[n-Ifpw ]qP-Ifpw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-

ambn Ae-¶-cn® ]qPm-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ap∂n-emWv \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xv. B apdn-bpsS A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hcp ÿm\Øv kpμ-chpw

BI¿j-I-hp-amb Hcp ]qPm-ÿm\w D≠m-°p-Ibpw. B ]qPm-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ cq]-Øn\p Ipd®p Xmsg-bmbn

t_m[n-kzXz _m_m kmtl_v tUm. _n.-B¿. Awt_-ZvI-dp-

tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ t_m[n-k-Xz-cpsS cq]߃IqSn hbv°mhp∂-

XpamWv.

]q°ƒ, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn, ame, \qev XpS-

ßnb A¿∏-W-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]qPm-ÿm\-Øp {i≤-]q¿Δw hbv°p-

Ibpw, ]qPm-ÿm\w hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn Ae-¶-cn-t°-≠-Xpam-

Wv. ]qPm-ÿm\-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n°v sshIm-cn-

Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw kuμ-cym-fl-I-hp-amb A\p-`qXn CXv Df-

hm-°p-∂p. Xs‚ BZ¿i-tØm-Sp≈ {i≤m-`m-h\ DbcpIbpw

{Inbm-fl-Ihpw mh-\m-]q¿Æ-hp-amb am\-kn-Im-hÿ hf-cp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. IqSm-sX, kq‡-ßfpw KmY-Ifpw hfsc GIm-{K-X-

tbmSpw CuW-tØmSpw sNm√p-∂-tXmsS kXv`m-h\ IqSp-X¬

IqSp-X¬ D®-h-ÿ-bn-te°v FØp∂p. _u≤ ]qPm-k-a-bØv

Cu aq∂p ]c-º-cm-KX hkvXp-°ƒ al-Xz-]q¿Whpw Bh-iy-

hp-am-Ip-∂p ˛ ]pjv]w, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn.

]qPmkabØv ImgvNhkvXp°fmbn h®n´p≈ Cu

A¿∏W hkvXp°ƒ tIhew Ae¶mcØn\pth≠n am{Xa√

CXn\v AXnt‚Xmb alXzap≠v. ]q°ƒ AkvYncXbpsS

{]XoIamWv. AXmbXv Cu temIØn¬ F¥pXs∂ Bbmepw

AXv ÿnca√. As√¶n¬ \nXya√. D≠mbm¬ \in°pI

AhbpsS kz`mhamWv. C∂sØ Ahÿ

C∂setØXpt]mseb√, ]cnhn¿Ø\hnt[bamWv. AXmbXv

am‰w {]IrXnbpsS AewLyamb \nbaamWv. C∂v hnS¿∂

kpμc]pjv]߃ \msf hmtS≠hbmWv.

sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-bpsS {]Im-i-Pzme Np‰p-]mSpw ]c-°p-Ibpw

Ccp-´ns\ AI-‰n {]Im-i-Øn-s‚- kXyw ({]⁄)- A‘-Im-c-

cq-]n-bmb A⁄m-\sØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. Nμ-\-Øncn A¿∞-

am-°p-∂Xv kpK‘wsIm≠v apgp-h≥ ]qP-tbbpw AXp-t]m-se-

Xs∂ [ym\N-cybpsS (km-[\-bpsS) apdn-I-sfbpw \nd-bv°p-∂p.

A{]-Imcw kpio-e-\mb/ kpio-ebmb hy‡nbpsS Pohn-XsØ

temI-Øn¬ BZ-c-Wo-b-am°n, Xs‚ inem-N-c-Ww-sIm≠v

kpK‘w ]cØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]qPm ÿm\tØ°v {]th-in-°p∂ ka-bØv Htcm

D]m-kI/D]m-knI¿ ]©mw-K-{]--Wma-tØmsS (c≠p ssIIfpw,

Xebpw, c≠p Imep-Iƒ) - `K-hm≥ _p≤-s‚bpw, t_m[n-kz-Xz-

cp-tSbpw ap∂n¬ \{ainc-kvI-cmbn {]Wm-aw sNø-Ww. As√-

¶n¬ icocw apgp-\pw sIm≠v InS∂v BZ-chv {]I-Sn-∏n-°pI-bp-

amhmw.. [ym\km[\, [Ω-h§v, ]qPm-k-am]vXn Ch Ign™v

]pdØv t]mIp-∂-Xn-\v ap-ºmbn Hcp {]mh-iyw IqSn _p≤-s‚bpw,

t_m[n-kz-Xz-cp-sSbpw, cq]-ß-fpsS ap∂n¬ Xe-Ip-\n®p {]Wm-

aw sNø-Ww.

`K-hm≥_p-≤-t\bpw AXp-t]m-se- t_m[n-kz-Xzt-cbpw

Ah-cpsS apgp-h≥ cq]-ß--tf-bpw -\-a-kvImcw sNøpI. \-a-

kvIcn°pI F∂Xv Hcp {]Im-c-Øn-ep-ff BZ-chv {]Xn-\n-[m\w

sNøp-∂p. CXn-eqsS al-Øc-amb BZ¿i-ß-fpsS t\sc-bmWv

BZ-chv P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- CXv A‘-hn-izm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

Imcyßf√. t\tc-a-dn®v Cu BZ-chv B≤ymflnI ]c-º-c-bpsS18 19

{]Xo-I-cq-]-amWv. CXv \ΩpsS a\- n¬ (A¥:Ic-Ww) Db¿Øp-

∂-Xmb kt¥m-j-Øns‚ AYhm {]oXn-bpsS, D’mlXcw-K-

ß-fpsS {]-I-S-\-am-Wv. Hcn-°epw CXv AXymZc-thm, A‘hnizm-

ktam A√. t\scadn®v kºq¿Æ-amb t_m[w e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n-bp≈ Ncyam{X-am-Wv.

Xß-fpsS Df-fn¬ _p≤-Xz- _oPw- -sam´p-hn-cn®v ]q¿Æ-

t_m-[n-hr-£-ambn hnI-kn-°p-∂nSwhsc Xß-fpsS ap≥Km-an-I-

fmb _p≤≥, t_m[n-kXz¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS BZ¿i-ß-fn≥ta¬

BZ-chv \¬Ip-I-bmWv ]qPm-kq-NI {]Xo-I-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬

sNøp∂Xv. CXv shdpw {]Z¿i\w am{X-a√, adn®v kIm-c-mflI

`mh\ AYhm kIm-c-mflIamb Ipi¬ `mh\ hnI-kn-°p-∂-

Xn\v th≠n-bp-ff \ΩpsS ]cn-io-e-\hpw Hcp hninjvS

NcybpamWv.

\Ωƒ `K-hm≥ _p≤\pw, t_m[n-k-Xz¿°pw ap≥]v

kqNn-∏n-®-Xmb D]-lm-c-߃ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xp IqSmsX _lp-

am\]q¿Δ-amb BZ-chv k¬-°m-c-kz-cq-]-amb At±-lØns‚ al-

Ømb KpW-ß-tfmsSbp≈ kvXpXn ]men- `m-j-bn¬ h¿Æn-

°p∂ kq‡-ßsf H∂n®v Htc kzc-eb-tØm-Sp-IqSn D—m-cWw

sNøp-∂p. Cu ka-b-Øp-ff B[ymflnI A¥-co-£-Øn-¬ D∂-

Xm-h-kvX-bn-ep-ff Bg-ta-dnb `mh-\-\n-d-bp-∂p. {i≤bpw, a\-\-

tØm-Sp-ap-ff hμ\w \ap°v Hcp {]XyIX-c-Ø-ep-ff al-Xzhpw

B\-μhpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

C{]-Imcw _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw- Xp-S-ßnb kzcq-] -

{Xn-c-Xv\-߃ _u≤[Ω-Øn-s‚ lrZ-b-am-Wv. `K-hm≥ _p≤≥

a\p-jys‚ kºq¿Æ hnIm-k-Øns‚ am¿§sØ {]Zm\w

sNøp∂ Kpcp am{X-a√, `K-hm≥ _p≤≥ kzbw kºq¿Æ-\mb

kw_p-≤-\m-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ kz\p- hsØ

B[m-c-am°n icn-bmb am¿§w˛(-Acnbm) AjvSmwK am¿§hpw,

AXns\ B[m-c-am°n \S-°p-∂-Xmb _p≤- n-£p-°-fpsS kwLw

(-Acnb) kwLhpamIp∂p.

Cu {Xnc-Xv\-ßfpsS t\sc-bp-ff \ΩpsS bYm¿∞

BZ-chv sIm≠v \ap°v temtIm-Ø-c-amb D∂--XnbpsS A\p`hw

e`n-°p-Ibpw, Cu BZ-chv, BZ-c-Wo-b-`m-h-Øn-ep-ff ]qP-bn¬

hy‡X D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

20 21

Suggested picture of Shrine

22 23

hμ\Ac-lMv kΩm-kw _pt≤m `K-hm, _p≤Mv `K-h-μMv A`n-hm-

tXao.

kzmKtXm `K-htXm [tΩm, [ΩMv \a- man.

kp∏-Sn-]-t∂m `KhtXm kmh-I-kw-MvtLm, kwLMv \am-an.

hμ\\tam X  `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤- 

\tam X  `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤- 

\tam X  `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤- 

kc-W-Ø-bMv_p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—m-an.

[ΩMv kc-WMvv K—m-an.

kwLMv kc-WMvvK—m-an.

ZpXn-bav]n _p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—man.

ZpXn-bav]n [ΩMv kc-WMvv K—man.

ZpXn-bav]n kwLMv kc-WMvv K—man.

XXn-b-av]n _p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—m-an.

XXn-b-av]n [ΩMv kc-WMvv K—m-an.

XXn-b-av]n kwLMv kc-WMvvK—m-an.

hμ\Ac-lμv, kayIv kav_p≤v, K-hm≥, Cß-s\-bp-≈Xmb _p≤-

`-K-hms\ Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. B `K-hm-\m¬ kzbw D]-tZ-

in-°-s∏-´-Xmb [ΩsØ Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. kXvam¿K-

Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb `K-hms‚ "kmhI kwLsØ' Rm≥

\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. (Hmtcm hμ-\m-k-a-bØpw ]©mwK {]Wmaw

sNøpI)

hμ\`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\

\akvIcn°p∂p.

`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\

\akvIcn°p∂p.

`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\

\akvIcn°p∂p.

{Xn icWwRm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

c≠maXpw Rm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

c≠maXpw Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

c≠maXpw Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

aq∂maXpw Rm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

aq∂maXpw Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

aq∂maXpw Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

24 25

]©kn-em\n]mWmXn]mXm thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.

AZn-∂m-Zm\m thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.

Imtakp anOm-Nmcm thcaWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.

apkm-hmXm thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv ka-mZn-bm-an.

kpcm-˛-ta-c-bv-˛-a÷v ]am-Z-TvTmWm thc-a-Wn,. knIvJm ]XMv

kam-Zn-bm-an.

km[p, km[p, km[p,

kIm-cmflI ]©ioew1. ssa{Xn ]q¿Æamb I¿ΩØm¬ Rm≥ Fs‚ icocsØ

ip≤am°p∂p.

2. Xpd∂ a\t msS Zm\w sNbvXpsIm≠v Rm≥ Fs‚

icocsØ ip≤am°p∂p.

3. im¥nbpw kam[m\hpw k¥pjvSnbpw ]pe¿Øns°m≠v

Rm≥ Fs‚ icocsØ ip≤am°p∂p.

4. kXyk‘amb kwkmcØneqsS Rms\s‚ hm°pIsf

ip≤am°p∂p.

5. Pm{KXbpw hy‡Xbpw hnIkn∏n®psIm≠v Rms\s‚

a\ ns\ ip≤am°p∂p.

]©ioewRm≥ {]mWn-lnw-k-bn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥

Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.

Rm≥ tamj-W-kz-`m-h-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥

Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.

Rm≥ ssewKnI Zp¿hm-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-

hm≥ Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.

Rm≥ AkXyw ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥

Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.

Rm≥ F√m-hn[ am[I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂pw

AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥ Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.

1956 HIvtSm_¿ 14-\v [ΩZn£ kabØv t_m[nkXz

tUm. _n.B¿. Awt_ZvI¿ \Ωƒ°v ]d™pX∂

Ccp]Ønc≠v {]Xn⁄Iƒ.

1. Rm≥ {_“mhv, hnjvWp, atlizc≥ Chsc Cuizc\mbn

AwKoIcn°pItbm ]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.

2. Rm≥ cmat\bpw IrjvWt\bpw Cuizc\mbn

AwKoIcn°pItbm ]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.

3. Rm≥ Kucn KW]Xn CØcØn¬ lnμp [¿ΩØnse Hcp

tZhn tZh∑mscbpw Cuizc\mbn AwKoIcn°pItbm

]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.

4. Cuiz -c≥ Ah-Xm -c -sa -SpØp F∂p-≈Xn¬ Rm≥

hnizkn°p∂n√.

5. `Khm≥ _p≤≥ hnjvWphns‚ AhXmcamsW∂Xv

\pWbpw _p≤nlo\amb {]NcWhpamsW∂pw Rm≥ a\-

knem°p∂p.

6. Rm≥ {im≤w sNøpItbm ]nWvUZm\w \¬IpItbm

sNøpIbn√.

7. Rm≥ _p≤ [¿ΩØn\v hncp≤ambn Hcp A]{]NcWhpw

sNøpIbn√.

8. Rm≥ Hcp XcØnep≈ I¿Ωßfpw {_“Ws‚

ssIIfm¬ sNøn°pIbn√.

9. F√m a\pjycpw ka∑mcmsW∂v Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p.

10. Rm≥ kaXzw ÿm]n°p∂Xn\pth≠n ]cn{ian°pw.

11. Rm≥ `Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® Bcy AjvSmwKam¿Kw

Fs‚ PohnXØn¬ ]n¥pScpw.

12. Rm≥ Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® ]Øp ]mcanXIƒ Fs‚

PohnXØn¬ ]n¥pScpw.

13. Rm≥ F√m PohnItfmSpw Zbm\p`qXnbpw IcpWbpw

D≈h\mbncn°pw.

14. Rm≥ tamjvSn°pIbn√.

15. Rm≥ \pW ]dbpIbn√.

16. Rm≥ hy`nNmcw sNøpIbn√.

17. Rm≥ aZy]n°pIbn√.

18. {]⁄, io¬, IcpW, _p≤ [ΩØnse Cu aq∂p

XXzßsf B[mcam°nbmbncn°pw Fs‚ \nXyhpap≈

PohnXw.

19. Rm≥ a\pjys‚ Db¿®bv°v lm\nIcambn \n¬°p∂Xpw

a\pjykaqlsØ kam\ambn ImWmXncn°pIbpw

sNøp∂ lnμp [¿ΩsØ Dt]£n°pIbpw _p≤

[¿ΩsØ kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

20. _p≤ [ΩamWv bYm¿∞ [Ωsa∂v Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p.

21. C∂v F\n°v ]pXpP∑w e`n®ncn°p∂p. Aßs\ Rm≥

hnizkn°p∂p.

22. C\napX¬ `Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® [ΩØns‚

XØz߃ A\pkcn®v PohnXw \bn°psa∂v {]Xn⁄

FSp°p∂p.

26 27

_p≤-]qPmhÆ˛-K\v‘ KptWm-t]-XMv

GXMv Ipkp-a-k¥Xn

]qP-bman ap\n\vZ  kncn-]mZ ktcm-cqtl(1)

]qtPan _p≤Mv Ipkp-ta\ t\\,

]ptø\ tatØ\ e`man tamIv-JMv.

]p^Mv anem-bXn bYm C[-Mvta,

Imtbm XYm- bmXn hn\m-k-`m-hMv (2)

L\-km-c-∏-Zn-tØ-\, Zot]\ [aZwkn-\m.

XntemI Zn]Mv kwav_p-≤-Mv ]qP-bman

Xtam-\p-ZMv (3)

kpK‘n Imb hZ-\-Mv, A\\vX ˛Kp-W-˛-K-‘n-\m.

kpK‘n-\m, lMv Kt‘-\, ]qP-bman XYm-K-XMv (4)

_p≤Mv [ΩMv N kwLMv kpK-X-X-\p-`hm

[mXthm [mXp-K-_vt`.

eMvImbMv Pav_p-Zot] XnZ-k-]p-c-htc

\mK-temtI N Yqt] (5)

k_vt_ _p≤  _navt∫

kI-e-Z-k-Zntk tIk-tem-am-Zn-[mXpMv htμ.

k_vt_]n _p≤Mv Zk-_-e-X-\p-PMv

t_m[n tNØn-bMv \aman (6)

hμman tNXn-bMv k_v_Mv k_v_Õm-t\kp

]Xn-´n-XMv

kmcn-coI ˛ [mXp alm-t_m[n

_p≤-cq-]Mv kI-eMv kZm (7)

_p≤ ˛ ]qP1. \ndßfmepw kpK‘Ømepw tNtXmlcamb

]pjv]߃sIm≠v tIm¿Ø ameIfm¬ Rm≥ `Khm≥

_p≤s‚ ]flkam\amb ]mZßsf ]qPn°p∂p.

2. Cu ]phIƒsIm≠v Rm≥ _p≤s\ ]qPn-°p-∂p. Cu

kXvI¿Ωw-sIm≠v F\n°v \n¿ΔmWw e`n°pw. Cu

]qhpIƒ F{]Imcw hmSnt∏mIp∂pthm A{]Imcw Fs‚

icochpw hn\miØn\v {]m]vXamIpw.

3. A‘ImcsØ C√mXm°ns°m≠v Pzen®p\n¬°p∂

Zo]sØt∏mse aq∂p temIßfnsebpw A⁄m\amhp∂

A‘ImcsØ C√mXm°p∂ Zo]Xpeyamb `Khm≥

_p≤s\ Rm≥ ]qPn°p∂p.

4. kpK‘bp‡amb icochpw apJhpap≈h\mb A\¥

KWßfmIp∂ kpK‘wsIm≠v (kp-K-‘-Øns‚ K‘w)

XYmKXs\ Rm≥ ]qP sNøp∂p.

5. _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw F∂nhtbbpw {ioe¶, P_pZzo]v,

\mKtemIv , XnZk]pcw F∂nhnSßfn¬

ÿnXnsNøp∂Xmb kXvkvXq]ßfn¬ Khm≥ _p≤s‚

GsX√mw icocmhinjvS߃ ÿm]n®ncn°p∂pthm

Ahsb√mw Rm≥ {]Wan°p∂p.

6. ]Øv Zn°pIfnepw hym]n®ncn°p∂Xmb Khm≥ _p≤s‚

tIi˛temaw XpSßnb AhinjnSßfn¬ GsX√mw

cq]ßfpt≠m Ahtbbpw, F√m _u≤tcbpw Zi_e

X\pP≥amtcbpw, t_m[nNnØsØbpw Rm≥

\akvIcn°p∂p.

7. F√m ÿeßfnepw {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂Xmb ssNXy,

_ p ≤ i c o c Ø n s ‚ A h i n j v S ß t f b p w

almt_m[nhr£tØbpw _p≤ {]XnaItfbpw Rm≥

kZm hμn°p∂p.

28 29

{XncXv\ hμ\m

_p≤- h-μ\mCXn ]n tkm `Khm Ac-l-Mv,

kΩm-k-aw-_p-t≤m,

hn÷mNcWkwav]-t∂m, kpKtXm

temIhn[p, A\p-Øtcm,

]pcn-k-[-Ω-km-c-Yn, kXv[m tZh˛

a\p- m-\Mv, _pt≤m `K-hmXn

_p≤Mv PohnX ]cy-¥Mv kc-WMv KOman (1)

tb N _p≤m -A-Xn-Xm -N, tb N _p≤m A\m-KXm

N®p-]-∂m N tb _p≤m, AlMv hμman k_v_Zm (2)

\Xv[n ta kc-WMv AøMv, _pt≤mta

kc-WMv hcMv

GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta Pb-aw-K-fMv (3)

DØ-a-MvtK\ htμ- lMv ]mZ-]wkp hcq-Ø-aMv

_pt≤ tbm JentXm tZmtkm,

_pt≤m JaXp Xavva-aMv (4)

[Ω hμ\kzmIv-JmtXm `K-hXm [tΩm

kμn-SvTntIm AIm-entIm

Gln-]- ntIm H]-\m-øntIm

]®-XMvv thZn-Xt_m hnøq-ln Xn

{XncXv\ hμ\m_p≤ hμ\

`Khm≥ Acl¥v BIp∂p. kway°vkw _p≤\mWv. F√m

kZvhnZyIfmepw kZmNmcßfmepw bp‡\mWv. kZvKXnbv°v

{]m]vX\mWv. kIe temIßsf°pdn®pw Adnhp≈h\mWv.

k¿Δ t{ijvT\mWv. (hgnbdnbmsX Dgep∂ IpXncIsft∏mse)

Dgep∂ BfpIsf icnbmb am¿KØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂

ka¿∞\mb kmcYnbmWv. tZh≥amcptSbpw a\pjycptSbpw

BNmcy\pamWv.

1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

2. `qXImeØv GXv _p≤≥ D≠mbncp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv

GXv _p≤≥ D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv

_p≤≥ \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahscsb√mw F√mbvt∏mgpw

{]Wan°p∂p.

3. _p≤≥ F∂ DØa icWa√msX as‰mcp icWw

F\n°n√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw

D≠mIs´.

4. Rm≥ _p≤`Khms‚ k¿thmØaamb NcW [qfnIsf

inc m \an°p∂p. GsX¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v

_p≤s\ {]Xn F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬

`Khm≥ _p≤≥ Ft∂mSv £an°q.

[Ω hμ\`Khm≥ _p≤s‚ [Ω߃ icnbmb D]tZin®n´p≈XmWv.

AXv icnbmb ImgvN∏mSv {]Zm\wsNøp∂p. DS≥Xs∂ ^ew

\¬Ip∂hbpamWv. ÿe-Im-e-߃°v AXo-X-am-Wv. hcn-Ibpw

ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-I. Chsb ]co£n®dnbpI F∂v

]dbp∂Xn\p tbmKyamWv. CXv \n¿ΔmWw hscFØn°p∂Xpw hnZzm≥amcm¬ Adnbp∂Xn\v tbmKyhpamWv.

30 31

[Ωßv PohnX ]cy-¥Mv kc-WMv KOman (1)

tbN [Ωm AXnXm N tb N [Ωm A\m-KXm

]®p-∏∂m N tb [Ωm,

AlMv hμman k∫Zm (2)

\XvYn ta kc-WMv Aøav

[tΩm ta kc-WMv hcMv

GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta Pb-aw-K-fMv (3)

DØ-aw-PvtK\ h\vtZ lMv, [Ω-N- Zp-hn-[Mv hcMv

[tΩ tbm JentXm tZmtkm,

[tΩm JaXp Xavva-aMv (4)

kwL hμ\mkp∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kw-MvtLm,

DPp-]-Sn-∏t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,

Rbm-∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,

kman-Nn-∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,

bZn-ZMv NØmcn ]pcn-k-bp-Km\n ASvT]pcnk ]p§em

Gk `K-htXm kmhI kwMvtLm,

Blp-t\-tøm, ]mlp-t\tøm, ZIvJn-tWtbm

ARvP-en-I-c-Wn-tbm, A\p-ØcMv

]pø-tJ-XMv temI- m Xn

1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

2. `qXImeØv GXv [Ωw D≠mbncp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv

GXp [Ωw D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv

[Ωw \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahsbsb√mw F√mbvt∏mgpw

{]Wan°p∂p.

3. [Ωw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°p as‰mcp icWan√.

Cu kXy-h-N-\-Øn¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw D≠mIs´.

4. Rm≥ c≠pXcØnep≈ (hyhlmcncIhpw

]cam¿∞nIhpamb) t{ijvT [¿Ωßsf inc m \an°p∂p.

Fs¥¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v [ΩsØ {]Xn

F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬ [Ωw Ft∂mSv

£an°q.

kwL hμ\m`Khms‚ kmhI kwLw (injykwLw) DØa am¿KØn¬

{]XnjvTnXambXmWv. `Khms‚ kmhI kwLw

kcfam¿Kßfn¬ {]XnjvTnXamWv. `Khms‚ {imhI kwLw

\ymbam¿KØn¬ Db¿Øs∏´XmWv. Khms‚ {imhIv kwLw

DNnXamb am¿KØn¬ Db¿Øs∏´XmWv.

`Khms‚ Cu {imhIv kwLw \mev {]ImcØn¬

FØnt®cp∂Xmb bpKvaßfmepw F v {]ImcØnep≈ t{ijvT

]pcpjcmepw hn`qjnXamWv.

Ch¿ £Wn°s∏Sp∂Xn\v tbmKyamWv. Ah¿ BXnYy

kXvImc߃°v tbmKyamWv. Ch¿°v Zm\w \¬Ip∂Xn\v

tbmKyamWv. CXv temIØns‚ \∑bpsS k¿tΔmØa ]pWy-

I¿Ω-ß-fpsS t{imX pw k¿Δ P\ßfpsSbpw bYm¿∞

kplrØpamWv.

32 33

kwLMv Pohn-XMv ]cy-¥Mv ic-WMv KOman (1)

tb N kwLm- A-Xn-Xm -N tb N kwLm A\m-KXm

]®p-∏∂m N tb kwMvLm, AlMv hμman k∫vZm (2)

\XvZn ta kc-WMv AøavMv,

kwtLm ta kc-WMv hcMv

GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta PbawK-fMv (3)

DØ-aw-tK\, h\-tZ -lMv

kwLMv Xnhn[p-Ø-aMv

kwtL tbm JentXm tZmt m,

kwtLm JaXp XMva-aMv (4)

1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph\pw kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.

`qXImeØpw, `mhnImeØnepw

h¿Øam\ImeØnepap≈ F√m kwLßtfbpw Rm≥

hμn°p∂p.

2. `qXImeØv GXv kwLw D≠mbcp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv

GXp kwLw D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv

kwLw \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahsbsb√mw F√mbvt]mgpw

{]Wan°p∂p.

3. kwLw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v as‰mcp

icWan√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw

D≠mIs´.

4. aq∂p {]ImcØm¬ (ico-cw, hN- v, a\ v) DØahpw

]hn{Xhpamb kwLsØ Rm≥ inc m \an°p∂p.

Fs¥¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v kwLØns‚ t]cn¬

F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬ kwLw Ft∂mSv

£an°q.

* kmhI kwLØnse tPmSnIƒ: t{imXm]∂ am¿Khpw

^e{]m]vXnbpw kIrZKman am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw A\mKman

am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw _p≤ am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw

* kmhI kwLØnse F´v cq]߃ (IΩ߃)

(1) kvt{XmX]∂ am¿Kv {]m]vXn (2) kvt{XmX]∂ e{]m]vXn

(3) kIrXKman am¿Kv {]m]vXn (4)kIrXKman ^e{]m]vXnv

(5) A\Kman am¿K{]m]vXn (6) A\Kman {]m]vXn

(7) _p≤ am¿Kv {]m]vXn (8) _p≤ ^e{]m]vXn

34 35

alm-aw-Ke kpØv_lp tZhm a\p- m N aMvvK-em\n ANn≥-X-bpMv

BI-MvJ-am\m tkmXv[m-\Mv {_qln awMvvKeapX-aMv (1)

Atk-h-\m N _me-\Mv ]fin-Xm-\N tkh\m

]qPm N ]qP-\n-bm\vMv GXMv aMvKewapX-aMv (2)

]Xn-cp-]-tZkhmtkm N, ]p_vt_ N I-X-]p-øXm

AØ-k-Ωm-]-Wn-[n N FXvMv aMvKeapX-aMv (3)

_mlp-kNMv N kn∏Mv N

hn\tbm N kp-kn-IvJntXm

kp`m-kn-XmN bm hmNm GXMv aMvKeapX-aMv (4)

amXm ˛ ]nXp D]-Sv-Tm-\Mv ]pØ-Zm-c  kMvvKtlm

A\m-Ipem N IΩ-¥m GXMv aMvvKe -ap-X-aMv (5)

Zm\-¨N [Ω-N-cnbm N RmX-Im-\Mv N kwLtlm

A\-h-÷m\n IΩm\n GXMv aMvKe -ap-X-aMv (6)

BcXn hncXn ]m] a÷-]m\m N køtam

A∏-amtZm N [tΩkp GXMv aMvKe-ap-X-aMv (7)

almawKf kq‡w1. awKfImcy߃ sNøp∂Xnep≈ B{KltØmSpIqSn

tZh≥amcpw a\pjycpw awKfImcyßsf∏‰n hfscb[nIw

BtemNn°p∂p. DØaamb awKfImcy߃

F¥m√mamsW∂v Xm¶ƒ ]d™pX∂mepw (XYmKX≥

]d™p).

2. _p≤nlo\≥amcpambp≈ kwk¿§w Hgn -hm -°pI.

hnZzm≥amcpambp≈ Iq´psI´v D≠mIpIbpw AXpt]mse

]qPnt°≠hsc ]qPn°pIbpw sNøpI. CXv DØa

awKfImcyamIp∂p.

3. DNnXamb ÿm\ßfn¬ \nhkn°pI. ap‡n-bpsS am¿K-

Øn¬ DNnX- I¿Ω-߃ sNbvXv icn-bmb ]mX-bn¬ Ncn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. ChbmWv DØa awKfImcyw.

4. hn⁄m-\-ap≈ Bfm-bn-Øo-cpI, inev] Nn{X-I-e-Ifpw a‰pw

]Tn°pI, hninjvSamb kulrZw D≠m°pI, t{ijvTamb

hnZyIƒ t\SpI, kp`mjnX bp‡amb hm°pIƒ

D≠mbncn°pI ChbmWv DØaamb awKfImcy߃.

5. amXm]nXm°sf tkhn°pI, `mcysbbpw Ip´nIsfbpw

]cn]men°pI, bmsXmcphn[ sX‰mb {]h¿ØnIfpw

sNømXncn°pI CXv DØa awKfImcyamIp∂p.

6. Zm\w \¬IpI, [Ωw BNcn°pI, _‘pP\ßsf

BZcn°pIbpw kXvIcn°pIbpw sNøpI, tZmjan√mØ

Imcy߃ sNøpI ˛ Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.

7. icocwsIm≠pw a\kpsIm≠pw hm°psIm≠pap≈

Xn∑Iƒ Dt]£n°pI. aZy]n°mXncn°pI, Bekyw

IqSmsX [m¿anI Imcyßfn¬ XXv]ccmIpI Ch DØa

awKfßfmIp∂p.

36 37

Kmcthm N \nhmtXm N k≥XpSvTn N IX-øpXm

Imte\ [Ω kmh-WMv GXMv aMvvKe-ap-X-aMv (8)

J¥oN tkmh-N- Xm ka-Wm-\MvvN Z -\Mv

Imte\ [Ω-km-IOm GXMvv aMvKe-ap-X-aMv (9)

Xmt]m N {_“-N-cnbm N (10)

Acn-b-k-®m \ Z -\Mv

^pSvT  temI-[-tΩln NnØMv b  \ Iav]Xn

Atkm-IMv hnc-PMv tJaMv GXMv aMvvKeap-X-aMv (11)

GXm-Zn-km\n IXvhm\ k_v_XMv A]-cm-PnXm

k_v_Xv[ tkmXv[n KO-≥Xn Xw tXkMv

aMKveap‡-aMvXn (12)

8. BZ-chv D≈-h-cm-c-Ip-I, hn\bap≈hcmbn Ccn°pI,

kt¥mjap≈hcmbncn°pI, IrX⁄Xbp≈hcmIpI,

DNnX kabØv [Ωw tIƒ°pI ˛ Ch DØa

awKfImcyßfmIp∂p.

9. im¥ioeap≈hcmIpI, kuay-amb mjWw D≈-h-cm-IpI,

{ia-Wsc Z¿in°pI, DNnXkabØv [Ω N¿®Iƒ

\SØpI Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.

10. [ym\w, {_“Ncyw Ch A\pjvTn°pI, Acnb

kXyßsfbpw Z¿i\ßsfbpw \n¿ΔmWsØbpw

km£mXvIcn°pI ˛ Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.

11. temI[Ωßfm¬* BcpsS a\kmtWm

hyXnNen°mXncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ timIclnXcpw

\n¿Ωecpw AXpt]mse \n¿`btØmsS

Pohn°p∂hcpamIp∂p. Ch DØa awKfImcyßfmhp∂p.

12. C{]Imcap≈ Imcy߃ sNbvXv k¿Δ{X A]cmPnXcmbn

Xocp∂ BfpIƒ sFizcyw {]m]n°p∂p. CXv

Ah¿°pth≠nbp≈ (tZh∑m¿°pw a\pjy¿°pw) DØa

awKfßfmIp∂p.

* em`w AXpt]mse \jvSw, Io¿Øn AXpt]mse A]Io¿Øn,

\nμn°pI AXpt]mse kvXpXn°pI Ch F´pw temIØns‚ (tem-

I-[-Ωw) kz`mhamIp∂p.

38 39

IcWnb saØ kpØvIcWnbsaØ Ipk-te-\,

bMvXMv kXMv ]ZMv A`n-k-ta-®m.

kt°m DPp N kqPpN, kph-tNm- N-  -apZp A\-Xn-am\n (1)

k¥p- tIm N kp`tcm N A∏-Int®m N k√-lp-IhpØn.

k\vXn{Zntbm N \n]-tIm-N, A∏-K_vt`m

Iptekp A\-\p-Knt≤m (2)

\ N JpZMv kam-Ntc InOn, tb\ hnøpMv ]tc-Mv, D]-h-tZ-øq.

kpIvJnt\m hm tJant\m tlm≥Xp,

kt∫ kØm `h≥Xp kpJn-XØm (3)

tb tINn ]mWm- p-XXv[n, Xkm hm [mhcm hm A\-h-tk-km.

ZnLm hm tb al≥Xm hm,

a÷nam c -Im-Wp-I-[qem (4)

ZnSvTm hm tb hm BZnSvTm, tb N Zptc

hk≥Xn Ahn-Zp-tc.

`pXm hm kav-`-thkn hm,

kt∫ kØm `h≥Xp kpJn-XØm (5)

\]tcm ]cMv \nIp-t∫[, Rmb-atø [

IXv[ Nn\Mv InOn

hvbmtcm-k\m ]Sn-L-k-øm, \mø-a-ø 

ZpIvJ antOøm (6)

IcWnb saØ kpØv1 . im¥n]mZØn¬ (\n¿ΔmWw) {]m]n°p∂Xn\v

B{Kln°p∂h¿ awKf I¿Ωßfn¬ \n]pWycmIWw.

Fs¥∂m¬ Ah¿ tbmKycpw kcfcpw, AXy¥

efnXcpamIWw. AhcpsS I¿Ω߃ kpμchpw a[pchpw

hn\oXhpambncn°Ww.

2. Ah¿ kt¥mjap≈hcpw klPmXs∂

A`nhr≤nbp≈hcpw, km[mcW PohnXw

\bn°p∂hcpambncn°s´! AhcpsS C{μnb߃

im¥ambncn°pw. Ah¿ _p≤nbp≈hcpw Aev]`mjnIfpw

Ipeßfn¬ Bk‡n clnXcpambncn°pw.

3. AØcØnep≈h¿ Hcn°epw Hcp sNdnb sX‰p-Iƒt]mepw

sNøp-I-bn√ Fs¥-∂m¬ t{ijvT hy‡n-Iƒ kkqjvaw

a\-kn-em-°n AXnse sX‰p-Iƒ Is≠-Øpw. F√m

PohnIfpw kpJw e`n°p∂hcpw sFizcy X¬]ccpw

AXy[nIw k¥pjvScpamIs´.

4. Nen-°p-∂tXm As√¶n¬ ÿnc-ap-≈tXm Zo¿Ltam

As√¶n¬ alØmbtXm a[yaambtXm As√¶n¬

{lkzambtXm, AWpthm, ÿqetam, ImWs∏Sp∂tXm.

5. ASptØm As√¶n¬ AIsebp≈tXm D≠mbtXm

As√¶n¬ `mhnbn¬ D≠mtb°mhp∂tXm Bb

F{Xam{Xw PohnIfpt≠m Ahsb√mw

kpJap≈hcmbncn°s´.

6. H∂v as‰m∂nt\mS v bmsXmcphn[ h©\bpw

sNømXncn°s´, At\ym\yw A]am\n°mXncn°s´,

ssha\kyhpw hntcm[hpw ImcWw ]ckv]cw ZpxJØn\v

CSbm°mXncn°s´.

40 41

amXm b[m \nbMv ]pØ-Mv,

Bbpkm GI-]pØ a\p-cIvtJ.

Fhva]n kt∫-˛-`p-tX-kp, am\-kMv `mhtb

A]-cn-am-WMv (7)

taØvN k_v_ ˛ temI-kvan-Mvv, am\-kMv

`mhtb A]-cn-am-W-Mv.

D±Mv AtZm N Xncn-bNvN,

Ak-av_m-ZMv Ath-cMv Ak-]-XMv (8)

XnSvTMv NcMv \nknt∂m hm, kbmt\m hm

bmh-X  _nK-X-an-\vtZm.

GXMv kXnMv A[n--tSvTøm,

{_“ taXMv hnlm-cMv CZ-amlp (9)

ZnSvTnN A\p-]-K-Ω, koehm Z -t\\ kav]t∂m

Imtakp hnt\-ø -tK-Z-Mv, \ ln PmXp K_v` tkbMv

]p\-tc-Xn Xn (10)

cXv\-kpØvbm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n hmbm\n h

A\vXfnIvtJ.

kt∫ h `pXm kpa\m `h-¥p, AtYm ]n

kIvI® kpW\vXp `mkn-XMv (1)

Xkvam ln `pXm \nkm-ta[ kt∫, taXvMvv

Itcm[ am\p-knb ]Pm-b.

Znhm N ctØm N lc\vXntb hen-Mv,

Xkvam ln t\ cI--J[ A∏-aØm (2)

7. F{]ImcamtWm amXmhv kz¥w Poh\v hne \¬ImsX

Xs‚ GIk¥m\sØ kwc£n°p∂Xv AXpt]mse F√m

PnhnItfmSpw kvt\l`mhw h¿≤n°s´.

8. bmsXmcphn[ XS tam sshcytam i{XpXtbm IqSmsX

Db¿®˛ Xmg vNtbmSpIqSnbXpw Zo¿Lhpw

{lkzhpambXpamb temIØnse F√m PohPmeßtfmSpw

AXncn√mØ kvt\l`mhw As√¶n¬ ssa{Xo`mhw

h¿≤n°s´.

9. \n¬°ptºmgpw \S°ptºmgpw Ccn°ptºmgpw

Nen°ptºmgpw Ft∏mƒ hsc DW¿∂ncn°p∂pthm,

At∏mƒ hscbpw, B¿°mtWm CØcØnep≈

ssa{Xn`mh\bn¬ kvarXnbp≈Xv Aßs\bp≈hsc

ssa{Xn {_“hnlm¿ F∂p ]dbp∂p.

10. Aßs\bp≈h¿ anYymZrjvSnbn¬ s]SmsX ioehm\pw

/ ioemhXnIfpw hnip≤ Z¿i\ßtfmSp IqSnbp≈hcpw,

Ima˛XrjvWsb \in∏n®hcpw BIp-∂p. AØcap≈

hnin-jvS-hy-‡n-Iƒ ho≠pw kwkm-cnI temI-Øn¬ P∑w

FSp-°n-√.

cXv\-kpØv1. C{]Imcw `qanbnepw BImiØpw F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ

Dt≠m Ahsb√mw {]k∂cmbncn°pIbpw Cu hm°pIsf

BZc]q¿hw tIƒ°pIbpw sNøs´.

2. k¿Δ PohPmeßfpw tIƒ°q. a\pjytcmS v

ssa{Xnbp≈hcmIpI. F√mbvt∏mgpw ]cn]men°pIbpw

Ahsc c£n°pIbpw sNøs´.

42 43

bMv In®n hnØMv C[ hm lpcMv hm,

ktKkp hm bMvv cX-\Mvv ]Wn-X-Mv.

\ t\m kavMv AXv[n X[m-K-tX-\, CZav]n

_pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv.

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (3)

JbMv hncm-KMv Aa-XMv ]Wn-X-Mv,

bZ-P-’Km kIy-ap\n kam-ln-tXm.

\tX\ [tΩ\ ka-XYn InNvOn, CZav]n [tΩ

cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv GtX\ ktN\

kph\v[n tlmXp (4)

bMv _p≤tktTvTm ]cn-hÆvbn kpNn-Mv,

kam-[n-am-\-≥-X-cn-I-R-am-lp.

kam-Zo\m tX\ ktam \ ktam\ hn÷-Xn,

CZ-av]n [tΩ cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv

btX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (5)

tb ]pKem ASvT kXMv

]k-Xv[m, NXmcn FXm\n bpKm\n tlm≥Xn.

tX ZIvJn-tWøm kpK-X m kmh-Im,

GtXkp Zn∂m\n al-]v^-em-\n.

CZav]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv,

GtX\ kt®\ kph-Xv[n tlmXp (6)

tb kp∏-bpØm am\-km-Z-tf-lv\ \nIvImant\m

KuX-akmk\avln

tX]-Øn-]Øm Aa-XMv hnKøvl,

e≤m ap[m \n∫pXnMv `p÷-am-\m.

CZav]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (7)

44 45

3. Cu temItØm ]c-tem-ItØm D≈ Aaq-ey-\n-[n-bm-bmepw

kz¿K-Ønse G‰hpw DØa cXv\-am-bmepw Ah-sbm∂pw

_p≤-t\mfw t{ijvT-a-√. _p≤≥ kzbw DØ-a-c-Xv\-am-Ip-

∂p. Cu kXy-h-N-\-߃ awK-f-I-c-am-I-s´.

4. imIyap\n ip≤-k-am-[n-bn-eqsS kzmb-Ø-am-°nb \n¿ΔmWw

A\-iz-chpw k¿Δ-t{i-jvT-hp-am-Wv. XrjvW-bn¬\n∂p

tamN\w t\Sp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Cu [Ωw A\n¿h-N-\o-b-amWv.

Cu [Ωw DØacXv\w BIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´.

5. ]cat{ijvT\mb `Khm≥ _p≤≥ GXv ]hn{Xamb

kam[nbpsS X¬Ime ^eZmbsØbmWv am‰nadn®Xv B

kam[n°v kam\ambn as‰mcp t{ijvTXbn√. CXp-sIm≠v

[Ωw DØa cXv\amIp -∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´.

6. GXp _p≤am¿K-Øn-emtWm {]iwkn°s∏´Xmb F´p

XcØnep≈ hy‡nXzßfpw \mev tPmSnIfpw

D≠mbncn°p∂Xv. B _p≤˛injy¿ Z£nW \¬Ip∂Xn\v

tbmKycmIp∂p. Ch¿°v Zm\w \¬Ip∂Xv alØcamIp∂p.

ChcpsS kwLw DØa cXv\amWv. Cu kXyhN\-߃

awKfIcamIs´.

7. GsXmcmfmtWm KuXa_p≤s‚ imk\ßfn¬ XrjvW

IqSmsX ZrVa\t mSpIqSn kwtbmPn®ncn°p∂Xv. Ah¿

{]m]n°p∂Xn¬h®v G‰hpw alØmb {]⁄sb

t{ijvTambn ]m\wsNbvXv hnap‡nckw BkzZn°p∂p.

Chcpw kwLØns‚ DØacXv\ßfmWv. Cu

kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.

b[n-μ-Jntem ]mThnMvv kntXm knbm,

NXp_v`n hmtXln Aka-v]-I-av]n-tbm.

X[p-]-aMv kp∏-cn-kMv hZm-an,

tbm Acn-b-k-®m\n Ath® ] -Xn.

CZ-av]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (8)

tb Acn-b-k-®m\n hn`m-h-b≥-Xn,

Kw-`o-c-]-tø\ kptZ-kn-Xm-\n.

InMvOm]n tX tlm≥Xn `p -∏-a-Ø,

\ tX `hMv ASvT-aMv BZn-b≥Xn.

CZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (9)

klm-h  Z \kav]-Zmb

Xb p [Ωm PlnXm `h≥Xn.

k°mbZnSvTn hnNn-InOn XMv Nv,

kne-∫vXMv hm ]n bZXv[n -In®n

NXpl]mtbln N hn∏aptØm,

ONm`nTm-\m\n A`t∫m ImXp-Mv.

CuZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (10)

In®m]n, tkm IΩMv ItcmXn ]m]-IMv

Imtb\ hmNm DZ tNXkm hm.

A`t∫m tkm X  ]Sn-—mZm-b, A`-∫Xm

ZnSvT]Z  hpØm.

CZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv.

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (11)

46 47

8. Np‰pap≈ Im‰psIm≠v `qanbnse C{μnb hnImcßfpsS

Iq\ F{]ImcamtWm CfImXncn°p∂Xv A{]Imcw Cf-

Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-hsc Rm≥ kXv]pcpj∑m¿ F∂v hnfn°p∂p.

Fs¥∂m¬, Ah¿ BcykXyßsf icnbmb cq]Øn¬

⁄m\h¿[\hn\pth≠n t\m°n°mWp∂p. Chcpw

kwLØnse DØa cXv\ßfmWv. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´.

9. _p≤\m¬ D]tZin® Acnb -k-Xy-߃ Bscm-s°-bmtWm

hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw A\p-`-hn®v Adn-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXXv Ah¿ APm-{K-X-cm-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw F´masXmcp

-P-∑w-IqSn FSp-°p-∂n-√. kwLØn¬ CXpw DØ-a-c-Xv\-am-

Ip-∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.

10. Z¿i\ {]m]vXns°m∏w Xs∂ Hcph\nse aq∂p

_‘\ßfpw C√mXmIp∂p ˛ AXmbXv, kImb ZrjvSn,

hnNnIn—, ine{hX ]cma¿iv As√¶n¬ AXpt]mse a‰v

bmsXmcp _‘\ßfpw C√mXmIp∂p. Ah¿ \mev

A]mbßfn¬\n∂pw ap‡cmIp∂p. Bdv sX‰mb

I¿aßfn¬ Hcn°epw G¿s∏Sp∂pan√. Chcpw

kwLØns‚ DØacXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´.

11. icocw, hm°v, a\ v Chbm¬ sX‰mb I¿Ω߃ sNøp∂p.

]t£, Ah¿°v Ahbn¬\n∂pw ad™ncn°m≥ Ignbn√.

F¥psIms≠∂m¬ \n¿ΔmW Z¿inIƒ CØcw

Hfn®ncn∏pIfn¬ Aka¿∞cmWv. Chcpw kwLØn¬

DØa cXv\ßfmWv. Cu kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.

h\-∏-Kpavt_ bYm ^p n-X-tK,

Knavlm-\-amtk ]T-a-kvanMv Knavsl

X[p-]-aMv [Ω-h-cMv AtZ-k-bn,

\n∫m-W-Km-anMv ]c-aMv lnXm-b.

CZav]n _pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (12)

htcm hcøq hctZm hcm-l-tcm,

A\p-Øtcm [Ω-h-cMv AtZ-k-bn.

CZav]n _pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (13)

JoWMv ]pcm-WMv \hMvv \Xv[n kw`-h-Mv,

hnc-Ø-NnØm Bb-XntI `h-kvan-Mv.

tX JnW-_oPm Ahn-cp-ƒl-nO-μm,

\n∫-\vXn [ocm bYm-b-av-]Zot]m

CZav]n kwMvtL cXv\Mv ]Wn-XMv

GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (14)

bm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n

hm bm\n h A\vXfnIvtJ

X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv

_p≤Mv \a- ma kphX[n tlmXp (15)

bm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n hm bm\n

h A\vXfnIvtJ

X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv

48 49

12. F{]ImcamtWm hk¥EXphns‚ Bcw`Øn¬ h\ßfpw

Ip‰n°mSpIfpw ]pjv]nXamIp∂Xv, AXp-t]mse `K-hm≥

_p≤≥ \¬Inb t{ijvT [ΩØns‚ D]tZiw \n¿ΔmW

{]m]vXn°p≈Xpw ]ca lnXImcnbpamIp∂p. Chbpw

_p≤\n¬ DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcambncn°s´.

13. t{ijvT \n¿ΔmWØns‚ ZmXmhv, t{ijvT [ΩØns‚

tPXmhv, t{ijvT am¿KØns‚ \n¿tZiI≥, t{ijvT

temtImØc\mb _p≤≥ DØa [ΩØns‚ D]tZiw

\¬Ip∂p. Chbpw _p≤\n¬ DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu

kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.

14. F√m ]gb {]h¿Ø\ßfpw £bn®pt]mbn. ]pXnb

DXv]∂߃ D≠mIp∂pan√. AhcpsS NnØw

]pXpPoh\m¬ hnc‡ambncn°p∂p. Ah¿ £bn®

_oPambn amdp∂p. AhcpsS B{Klw

Ahkm\n®ncn°p∂p. F∂m¬, Ahcpw Cu Zo]Øn\p

ap≥]n¬ \n¿ΔmWØn\v {]m]vXcmWv. Chbpw

kwLØnse DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´.

15. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬

F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂pthm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥

B F√m tZh∑msc°mfpw a\pjytc°mfpw ]qPnX\mWv.

R߃ _p≤`Khms\ \akvIcn°p∂p. Cu

kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´

[ΩMv \a- ma kphXv[n tlmXp (16)

bm\n[ `qXm\n kam-K-Xm\n `pΩm\n hm bm\n

h A\vXfnIvtJ

X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv

kwLMvv ka- ma kphXv[n tlmXp (17)

PbawKe AjvS-KmY_mlpMv kl- -a-`n\nΩnX-km-bp-[-¥Mv

KncntaJ-eMv DZnX ˛ tLmc-˛-k-tk-\-am-cMv

Zm\mZn [Ω-hn-Zn\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,

Xav tXP-km `hXp tX Pb awK-em\n (1)

amcm-Xn-tcI a`n-bp-Pv’n- k-_v_c-ØnMv

tLmc-av]-\m-e-hI aI-J-a-Y≤ ˛ bIv-JMv

J¥n kpZ\vX hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm

XMv tXPkm `h-Xp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (2)

16. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬

F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂p-thm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥

B F√m tZh∑mcmepw a\pjycmepw ]qPnX\mWv. R߃

[ΩsØ \akvIcn°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Cu kXyhN\߃

awKfIcamIs´

17. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬

F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂p-thm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥

B F√m tZh∑mcmepw a\pjycmepw ]qPnX\mWv. R߃

kwLsØ \akvIcn°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Cu

kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.

PbawKe AjvS-KmY1. Bbncw pPßtfmSv IqSnbh\pw kpZrVamIp∂ Bbp[w

[cn®ncn°p∂h\pw, KncntaJe F∂p t]cp≈ B\∏pdØv

Gdnbh\pw AXy¥w `bm\Iamb tk\tbmSp

IqSnbXpamb “amcsb” GXv ap\o{μ\m¬ (_p≤≥) Xs‚

Zm\w XpSßnb [ΩØns‚ _eØm¬ Pbw t\Sntbm, B

kay°v kav _p≤s‚ tXP psIm≠v \n߃°v Pbhpw

awKfhpw `hn°s´.

2. amc-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ i‡\pw tLmc Zp¿tZ-jy\pw

LtTmc lrZ-b\pw cm{Xn apgp-h\pw _p≤-\p-ambn bp≤w

sNbvX Be-hI F∂ b£-s\ Fß-s\-bmtWm im¥-_-

e-Øm¬ Iog-S-°nbXv B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v

Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.

50 51

\mem-KncnMv KP-h-cMv AXn-aØ`qX-Mv,

Zmh-§n N°-a-k-\oh kpZm-cp-W-¥Mv

taX-av_p-tkI hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm

Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (3)

DIvJnØ J§-a-Xo-l∞ kpZm-cp-W≥XMv,

[mh¥n tbmP-\-]-YMvKp enameh¥Mv

C≤n-`n-k-JvMvX at\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,

Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (4)

IXvhm\ I´UvTap-Z-cMv Ch K_v`n-\n-bm,

NnRNmb ZpSvT hN-\Mv P\-Imb atPt’

k\vtX\ tkma hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n-\vtZm,

Xav tXPkm `h-Xp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (5)

kOMv hnlm-b-˛-a-Xn-k-®I hmZ-tI-XpMv

hmZm-`n-tcm-]n-X-a-\Mv AXn A‘-`p-XMv

]øm-]-Zn] PentXm PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,

Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (6)

\tμm-]\μ ˛ `pP-KMv hnhp-[Mv aln-≤nMv

]ptØ\ tYc `pP-tK\ Zam-]bv≥tXm

CZY-p]-tZk hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm

Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (7)

3. AXy¥w `bm-\-I\pw atZm-∑-Ø-\p-amb \me-mKncn F∂

B\ Im´pXo t]msebpw CSn-an-∂-ens‚ thK-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-

Snbpw ]m™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ ssa{Xn-bpsS _e-Øm¬ `K-hm≥

_p≤≥ AXns\ hnP-bn-®p. B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬

\n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.

4. ssIbn¬ hmfp-ambn Hcp tbmP\ _p≤s\ ]n¥p-S¿∂ bm-

\-I\pw `oI-c-\p-amb A¶p-en-am-esb _p≤≥ Xs‚ kn≤n-

i-‡n-sIm≠v Iog-S-°n. B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v

Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.

5. "Nn≥N≥' _p≤-\n¬\n∂pw K¿`w [cn®p F∂p hcp-Øn-

Øo¿°p-hm≥ Nn≥N≥ XpWn Np‰n DZcw hep-Xm°n k`m-

at[y _p≤-s\-Xnsc Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww \SØn. im¥n-bp-sSbpw

kuay-X-bp-sSbpw _e-Øm¬ hnPbw hcn-®p. B _p≤s‚

tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.

6. kXysØ ad∂v hmZ{]Xn-hm-Z-ß-fn¬ am{Xw apgpIn Al-

¶m-cn-bp-ambn Xo¿∂ k®s\∂pt]-cp≈ ]cn-{hm-N-Is\ F{]-

Im-c-amtWm {]⁄-bpsS shfn-®-Øm¬ hnP-bn-®Xv B

_p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-

s´.

7. hnhn[ {]Im-c-Øn-ap≈ al-Ømb kn≤n-IƒsIm≠v kº-

∂-amb \tμm-]-\μv F∂p t]cmb k¿∏sØ GXp ap\o-

{μ≥ Xs‚ ]p{X≥ (in-jy≥) almsam§-eym-b≥ F∂ _p≤-

`n-£p-hn-\m¬ Xs‚ DXv°¿tj-—-bpsS i‡nbpw, AXp-

t]mse D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ _e-hpw-sIm≠v hnP-bn-®pthm B

_p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s .

52 53

Zp§mlZn-UvTn `pP-tK\ kpZ-UvT lXv-YMv

{_“Mv hnkp≤n PpXn-an±n _Im-`n-[m-\Mv

RmWm-K-tZ\ hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,

Xav tXPk `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (8)

FXm]n _p≤ Pb-aw-Ke AUvT-KmYm

tbm hm-NtIm Zn\-Znt\ kctX aX≥Zn

lnXzm-\-t\I hnhn-[m-\n-Np-]-±-hm\n

tamIv-JMvv kpJMv A[n-K-taø

\tcm -k-]tøm (9)

k√ kpØvA\n-an-Ø-a\RmXav, aN-vbm-\Mv C[ Pohn-X-Mv.

Ikn-cMv N ]cn-XMv N, XaMv N ZpIv-tJ\ kMvRp-XMv (1)

\ ln tkm D]-°tam AXvYn, tb\ PmXm \ anø-tc.

Pc-avNn ]Xvhm ac-WMv, FhMv [Ωm ln ]mWnt\m (2)

^em-\-anh ]°m-\Mv, ]mtXm ]X-\tXm `bMv.

FhMv PmXm-\Mv a®m-\Mv, \n®Mv a¿WtXm `bMv (3)

bYm]n Ipav`-Imc , IXm aØn-I-`m-P-\m.

kt∫ tZP-\-]-cn-b-\vXm, FhMv a®m\ Pohn-XMv (4)

Zlcm N alμm N, tb _mem tb N ]Wv-Tn-Xm.

kt∫- a-®p-hkav b\vXn, kt∫ a®p-]-cm-bWm (5)

tXkMv a®p-]-tc-X-m\Mv, KNvOX ]c-tem-I-tXm.

8. tLmc-amb anYym-ZrjvSn cq-]n-bm-b-h\pw hncp-≤-amb

⁄m\hpw D¬°¿tj-—-bp -ap≈ _K≥ F∂

{_mlm⁄ms\ GXp ap\o-{μ≥ ⁄m\-cq-]-Øn-ep≈

Huj[w \¬In hnP-bn-®pthm B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬

\n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.

9. GsXmcp ]WvUn-X-\mtWm Cu Pb-aw-Kf AjvS-Km-Y-Isf

aSn-Iq-SmsX {]Xn-Zn\w ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂Xv B _p≤n-am-

\mb hy‡n \m\m {]Im-c-Øn-ep≈ D]-{Z-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

ap‡-cmbn \n¿Δm-W-kpJw {]m]n-°s´.

k√ kp‡w1. ChnsS a\pjyPoh≥ \o¿t∏mfbv°p kam\ambXpw

A⁄m\Øm¬ Np‰s∏´XpamIp∂p. Ah ITn\hpw

£WnIhpamIp∂p. AXv ZpxJabamIp∂p.

2. P∑saSpØ Hmtcm a\pjycpw acn°msXbncn°p∂Xn\v

bmsXmcp D]mbhpan√. a\pjy¿ hr≤cmhpIbpw

acn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

3. F{]ImcamtWm ]mIamb ^e߃ ]Izamb ImeØv

AS¿∂phogp∂Xn\v `bs∏Sp∂Xv, AXpt]msebmWv

P∑saSpØ PohnIƒ acWsØbpw `bs∏Sp∂Xv.

4 . F{]ImcamtWm Ipih\m¬ \n¿Ωn°s∏´

a¨]m{Xßsf√mw DS™pt]mIp∂Xv, AXpt]msebmWv

{]mWnIfpsS Poh\pw AkvXan°p∂Xv.

5. bphm°fpw {]mbambhcpw Ip´nIfpw _p≤nam≥amcpsa√mw

acWØn\p hiwhZcmIp∂p. F√mhcpw acWØn\v

A[o\cmWv.

54 55

\ ]nXm XmbtX ]pØ-Mv, RmXn hm ]\ RmX-tI (6)

s]I-J-XMv tbh RmXn-\-Mv ]  eme-]-XMv ]pYp.

Fh-tatIm h a®m-\-Mv, tKmh-Pvt’m hnb \nø-Xn(7)

Fh-av`m-ltXm temtIm, a®p\m N Pcmb N.

Xkvam [oc \ tkmN-\-vXn, hnZnXvhm temI-]-cn-bm-b-Mv(8)

b  aKMv \ Pm\m-kn, BK-X  KX  hm.

Dt`m A\vtX Ak-av]- -Mv, \nc-X-YMv ]cn-tZ-h-kn(9)

]cn-tZh-bamt\m tN, IRvNn-Z-Xv-Mv DZ∫-tl.

kΩp-ftlm lnwk-a-Øm-\-Mv, Icnbm tN\Mv hnN-I-J-tWm(10)

\ln cq-tÆ\ tkmtI-\, k¥nMv ]t∏mXn tNX-tkm.

`nø- p-∏÷tX `pI-J-Mv, kcn-cMv Np]-l-R-Xn(11)

Intkm hnhtÆm `h-Xn, lnwk-a-Øm-\-a-Ø\m.

\ tX\ t]Xm ]mte-¥n, \n¿X-Ym. ]cn-tZh-\m(12)

tkmI-a-∏-P-l-MvP≥Xp, `ntøm ZpI-vJMv \nK-—-Xn.

6. arXyphn\v A[o\cmb PohnIƒ acWsØ ]p¬Iptºmƒ

]nXmhn\v ]p{Xs\tbm, ktlmZc\v _‘p°sftbm

c£n°m\mhpIbn√.

7. ktlmZc∑mcpw _‘p°fpw t\m°n\n∂mepw ]e

{]ImcØn¬ hne]n®mepw acWw H‰bv°p Xs∂bmWv

sImebmfnsbt∏mse PohnIfpsS {]mW≥

FSpØpsIm≠p t]mIp∂Xv.

8. C{]Imcw Cu temIw acWØmepw hm¿≤IyØmepw

]oUnXamIp∂p. AXpsIm≠v [oc]pcpj∑mcpw

[och\nXIfpw temIØns‚ kz`mhw a\ nem°n

ZpxJn°msXbncn°p∂p.

9. BcmtWm AKa˛\n¿§aßfpsS ]mXsb∏‰n,

P\\Øns‚bpw acWØns‚bpw ]mXsb∏‰n

AdnbmXncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ Ch c≠pw Ahkm\whsc

a\ nemImsX hrYm hne]n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p.

10. CØcw hnem]ßfn¬\n∂v Fs¥-¶nepw kpJw e`n-°p-

∂p-s≠-¶n¬ kXvP-\-߃ A{]-Imcw sNøs´.

11. F∂m¬, hne]n°pItbm hnjmZn°pItbm

sNøp∂XpsIm≠v a\ n\v im¥n e`n°pIbn√. ]Icw,

IqSpX¬ ZpxJØn\p ImcWamIpItbbp≈q. am{Xhpa√,

icocw tcmKmIpeamIpIbpw sNøp∂p.

12. kzbw Akzÿ\mIp∂ hy‡n £oWnX\pw

hncq]\pambnØocp∂p. CXp-sIm≠v ac-W-s∏-´-h¿°v

bmsXmcp ^ehpw D≠m-Ip -∂n√. hne]n°¬

\nc¿∞IamWv.

56 57

A\p-∞p-\t¥m Ime-I-XMv tkmI  hk-a-\-hKp (13)

ARm ]n ]  Kan-t\m, bYm IΩp-]tK \tc.

a®pt\m hk-am-K-Ω, ^\Zvt¥ Nn[ ]mWnt\m(14)

tb\ tb\ lna ]R-¥n, XtXm XMv tlmXn AbvRX

GmXmZntkm hn\m-`m-thm, ]  temI  ]cn-bm-bMv (15)

A]n h -kXMv Posh, `otøm hm ]\ am\thm

RmXn-k≥Lm hn\m tlmXn, PlmXn C± Pohn-XMv ˛ 16

X  Ac-ltXm kpXvhm, hns\ø ]cn-tZ-hn-XMv

t]XMv Iem-I-XMv Znkvhm, \ tkm e_v`m abm CXn ˛ 17

bXm kc-W-am-Zn-X-Mv, hmcn\m ]cn-\n_v_sb

Ghav]n Zotcm k∏tRm, ]WvUntXm Ipktem \tcm

Jn∏-ap-∏-Xn-XMv tkmIMv, hmtXm XqeMv h Zwksb - ˛ 18

]cn-tZ-hMv ]P∏Mv N, tZma-\- Mv N AØt\m

13. GsXmcp hy‡nbmtWm timIsØ

Dt]£n°msXbncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ AXy[nIw

ZpxJØnemgp∂p. acn® hy‡nsb°pdn®p

]›mØ]n°p∂hcpw timIØn\p hnt[bcmhpI am{Xw

sNøp∂p.

14. Xm¶fpsS I¿ΩØn\\pkcn®v acWw hcn®Xmb a‰p

a\pjyscbpw, acWØn\p his∏´v ChnsS Ah-km-\n-

®Xmb kIe PohnIsfbpw t\m°pI.

15. a\pjy¿ GsX√mw coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂pthm AXn\p hncp-

≤-ambn Imcy-߃ kw -hn-°p-∂p. AXmWv hkvXp-X-I-fpsS

hncp≤ kz`m-hw. Cßs\ temI-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ a\-

 n-em-°p-I.

16. a\pjy¿ \qdp h¿jtam AXne[nItam h¿j߃

Pohn®ncp∂mepw Ah¿ ktlmZcßfn¬\n∂pw

_‘p°fn¬\n∂pw th¿s]-tS-≠n-hcpw. am{Xa√, Ah¿

AhcpsS Poh≥ ChnsS Ahkm\n∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

17. AXpsIm≠v Aclμns‚ (`Khm≥ _p≤s‚) D]tZi߃

Dƒs°m≠v hnem]sØ Dt]£n®p acn®Xmb

PVhy‡nsb I¨Xpd∂p I≠v Ah¿ C\n Hcn°epw

\tΩmsSm∏w H∂n°pIbn√ F∂p a\ nem°Ww.

18. F{]ImcamtWm Xo]nSn® `h\w sh≈samgn®p

sISpØp∂Xv, A{]ImcamWv [oc\pw {]⁄mhm\pw

_p≤nam\pw kXvNn¥I\pamb a\pjy≥ Ahcnep≠mIp∂

ZpxJsØ C√Xm°p∂Xv. Ah¿ hmbp ]™nsb

Db¿Øp∂ AtX thKØn¬ kz¥w ZpxJsØ

C√msXbm°p∂p.

58 59

AØt\m kpJ-sa-km-t\m, A_v_sl k√-a-Øt\m ˛ 19

A_v_qƒlkt√m Akn-tXm, k\vXnMv ]∏pø tNXt m

k∫tkmI AXn-°≥tXm, AtkmtIm tlmXn \n∫ptXm Xn ˛ 20

[Ω-]m-e≥ KmYk_v_ ]m]  AI-c-W-Mv, Ipk-e  D]-kw-]-Zm.

kNn-Ø-]-cn-tbm-Z-]-\-Mv, GXMv _p≤m\ kmk-\Mv (1)

[ΩMv Ntc kpN-cn-X-Mv, \ XMv ZpNcn-XMv Ntc

[Ω-Nmcn kpJMv tkXn, Akvan temtI ]c-avlnN (2)

\ XmhXm [Ω-[-tcm, bmhXm _lp `mkXnMv

tbm N A∏av]n kpXvhm\Mv, [ΩMv Imtb\ ] Xn

kth [Ω-[tcm tlmXn, tbm, [ΩMv \∏-a-÷Xn (3)

\Ønsa kc-WMv AbR-Mvv, _pt≤m ta kc-WMv hcMv

GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlmXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (4)

\Xnta kc-WMvv AbMv [tΩm ta kc-WMv hcMv

GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlmXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (5)

\Xnta kc-WMvv AbMv kwtLmta kc-WMv hcMvv

GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (6)

\tam _p≤m-b......

\tam [Ωm-b....

\tam kwLm-b...

km[p, km[p, km[p....

60 61

19. kz¥w kt¥mjw B{Kln°p∂hcmb a\pjy¿

Xncn®dnhp t\Sns°m≠v Ic®nepw hnem]hpw am\knI

ZpxJhpw Ahkm\n∏n°p∂p.

20. GXmtWm DNnXambXv, A\mk‡ambXv, NnØ˛im¥n°v

{]m]vXambXv AXv ZpxJØn\v AXoXhpw timIclnXhpw

im¥hpamIp∂p. ⁄m\ioecmb a\pjy¿ Ahsb

{]m]n°p∂p.

[Ω]me≥ KmY1. bmsXmcp ]m]I¿Ωßfpw sNømXncn°pI,

awKfI¿Ω߃ sNøpI. AXpt]mse kzbw a\xip≤n

hcpØpI. CXmWv _p≤s‚ D]tZiw (in£).

2. kZmNmc]camb I¿Ω߃ BNcn°pI. ZpcmNmc߃

sNøcpXv. [ΩNmcnIƒ Cu temIØpw ]ctemIØpw

kpJambn Ddßp∂p.

3. hfsc kwkmcn°p∂XpsIm≠v Bcpw [ΩNmcn BIp∂n√.

F∂m¬, Ipd®pam{Xta tI´n-´p-s≈-¶n¬ t]mepw [ΩsØ

A\p-`hwsIm≠v km£mXvIcn°pIbpw, BcmtWm

[ΩØn¬ {i≤-tbmsS Ncn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Ah¿

Xs∂bmWv [ΩNmcnbmIp∂Xv.

4. _p≤≥ F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v as‰mcp

icWan√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw

`hn°s´.

5. [Ωw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°p a‰p icWan√.

Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°p Pbhpw awKfhpw hn°s´.

6. kwLw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v a‰p icWan√.

Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°p Pbhpw awKfhpw hn°s´.

BNmc hn[n-Iƒkam-P-Øns‚ GI-X-bv°p-th-≠nbpw kaq-lsØ aqey-

t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp kwkvIm-c-ambn tIm¿Øn-W-°p-∂-Xn\pw kmaq-

Zm-bn-I-hy-hÿ Bh-iy-L-S-I-am-Wv. F¶n¬ am{Xta Htc kZm-

Nm-c-{I-a-Øn¬ AWn\nc-°p∂ hy‡n-I-tfbpw AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Dd-®-_-‘-ßfpw ÿm]n-

°p-hm≥ Ign-bq. Cu IqSn-tN-c-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂mWv kzX-{¥-hn-

Im-k-ap≈ hy‡n-Xz-߃ Db¿∂p hcp-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xv.

apI-fn¬ ]d™ Cu aqe-h-kvXp-°sf I≠-dn™

_u≤-[-Ω-Øn-ep≈ {]⁄-im-en-Iƒ _u≤ kam-P-Øn\v

th≠n _u≤-kw-kvIm-c-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn. DZm-l-c-W-ambn

Ip´n-I-fpsS t]cn-S¬ [Ω-Zo-£, sshhm-ln-I-Im-cy-߃ apX-

em-b-h-bm-Ip-∂p. H∏w Ch sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn `n£p-˛-`n -

£pWntbm [Ω-Nmcn ˛ [Ω-Nm-cn-Wntbm As√-¶n¬ kwkvIm-

`mKw c≠v

63

csØ (_u-≤) °pdn®v Adn-hp≈ GsX¶nepw tbmKy-cmb ]pcp-

jt\m kv{Xotbm D≠m-bm¬ _u≤ kam-PnI ]c-º-csb hfsc

kº-∂-am-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

_u≤ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ sNøp∂ `n£pthm [Ω-Nm-

cntbm [Ω-Nm-cn-Wntbm Bcm-bmepw Ahsc ]ptcm-ln-X-s\t∂m

BNm-cy-s\t∂m kwt_m-[\ sNøm≥ ]mSn-√. BNm-c-hn-[nIƒ

sNøp-∂Xv `n£p-°ƒ Xs∂-bm-I-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-hp-an-√.

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-߃ A\p-k-cn®v

GsXmcp _u≤-hy-‡n°pw BNm-c-hn[n \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ B hy‡n, ioevhm\pw _p≤[ΩsØ Bg-Øn¬

{Kln-®n´p≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°p t\XrXzw

\¬Ip∂ hy‡n tIhew i_vZ-߃ am{Xw D®-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-

bn-cn-°-cp-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ sX‰pw icnbpw a\- n-em-°n-

bm-hWw ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ sNtø-≠-Xv. A√msX, A[m¿an-I-

amtbm kmº-Øn-I-t\-´-Øn\p th≠ntbm \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-cm-

bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.

_u≤-˛-kw-kvIm-c-ß-fpsS Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ {]tXy-

I-{i≤ D≠m-bncn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ Ch

Ipsd I¿Ω-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\p-≈n¬s∏Sp-∂h am{X-a-√.

AXp-t]mse _u≤ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ [m¿Ωn-I-ambn Icp-Xm\pw

]mSn-√. _u≤-Z¿i\w Cu BNm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-

amWv. {i≤-tbm-Sp-IqSn BNm-c-hn-[nIsf kº-∂-am-°p-Ibpw

_u≤-Z¿i-\-ßsf Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-

cn®v Pohn-X-߃ Icp]n-Sn-∏n-°pIb-pw sNøWw. Pohn-X-Øns‚

c≠v AXym-hiy hi-ß-fmb "{i≤m-\p-k-cn≥' AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ "[Ωm-\p-k-cn≥' _u≤-kw-kvIm-c-{]-Imcw \Ωp-sS ka-

{Khpw kºq¿Æ-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v Hgn-hm°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-

Xm-Wv.

_u≤ BNm-c-Øn¬ Hcmƒ _lp-am-\hpw am\y-Xbpw

hnI-kn-∏n® F√m {]Xn-Im-fl-I-amb hkvXp-°-tfbpw _lp-am-

\n-°p-Ibpw kwkvIm-c-{]-Im-c-a-\p-k-cn®v Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw

thWw. GI-tZiw F√m _u≤ BNm-c-ß-fnepw `K-hm≥

_p≤s‚ {]Xn-a, sh≈w \nd® a¨]m-{Xw, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ,

k{ºm-Wn, ]q°ƒ, Ab™ sh≈-N-cSv Ch Bh-iy-am-Wv.

BNm-c-hn-[n-°p≈ ta¬]-d™ hkvXp-°-sf√mw {]Xo-Im-fl-

I-am-Wv. Cu hkvXp-°ƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ

\S-Øm≥ Ignbq F∂n-√. a\p-jy-i-cocw Hcp a¨I-e-Øn\v

Xpeyhpw £W-`w-Kp-c-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ Poh≥

a¨I-e-Øn¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p∂ Pe-Øn\v Xpey-hp-am-Wv.

Ab™ NcSv F{]-Im-c-amtWm Ffp∏w s]m´p-∂Xv AXp-

t]mse Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS ioe-߃ Ah s]s´∂v kzm[o-

\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ab™ \qens\ F{]-Im-c-amtWm Ipcp-°n´v

sI´n hbv°p-∂Xv AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ioe-ß-tfbpw kq£n-

°-Ww. a‰v {]Xo-Im-fl-I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hnh-cWw "{]Ya `mK-

'Øn¬ ]qP-bpsS al-Xz-Øn¬ ]c-am¿in-®n-´p-≠v.

"ss{XtemIy _u≤-a-lm-kwLv klm-b-I-KWv' apJy-

ambn Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ _u≤ BNm-c-hn[nIsf Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-

°p-∂p. 1) \ma-IcWw 2) [Ω-Zo£ 3) hnhmlw 4) At¥ym-]-

Nmcw 5) ]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w 6) Krl-{]-thiw 7) hnlmc ka¿∏-

Ww. "{]{h÷' AXp-t]mse "D]-kw-]Zm' apX-emb Xc-Øn-

ep≈ D∂X-amb B≤ym-flnI BNm-c-ßsf Cu _u≤-˛-h-

μ\ kqØßfn¬ kw{K-l-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-´n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬

Ch _p≤-`n-£p-°-fm¬ D≠m-°nbn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse

Xs∂ Ah _p≤-`n-£°-fp-sS s]cp-am-‰-߃°v th≠n \¬I-

s∏-Sp-∂tXm sNø-s∏-´tXm BWv. k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W- kaqlp-

ambn CXn\v bmsXm-cp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ _‘-hp-an-√.

6564

\ma-I-cWwk¿Δ-{]-Yaambn ]qPm-ÿm\w DNn-X-amb coXn-bn¬

Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw \ma-I-cW kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-

°p∂ "{i≤m-ep-I-sf AXp-t]mse BNm-c-hn[n -I¿Øm-°sf

DNn-X-ambn ÿm\Øv Ccp-Ø-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Ip´n-Isf

]pXn-bXpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb hkv{X-߃ [cn-∏n-®v amXm-]n-

Xm-°fpw hrØn-bp≈ hkv{X-߃ [cn®v Ccn-°-Ww. amXmhv

Ip´nsb Xs‚ aSn-bn-en-cp-Ø-Ww. C{]-Imcw ]qPm-ÿm-\-Øns‚

apºn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ccn-°p-Ibpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn\v tbmKy-

cm-bn-cn-°p∂ "{i≤m-ep-°sf' AXp-t]mse \ma-I-cW kwkvIm-

c- I¿Øm°sf ssI sIm≠v hμ\w sNø-Ww. AXn\v tijw

"{Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬' kImcmflI ]©-io¬ Ch sNøp-I.

]n∂oSv F√m-hcpw Hcp-an®v _p≤-]qPm, {Xnc-Xv\-hμ\

Ch sNm√pI. Hcp ]t£ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Adn-bm-sa-¶n¬

AhcpsS Xmev∏-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ t]cv kzoI-cn-°mw. As√-

¶n¬ hninjvShy‡nIfn¬ \n∂pw A©p t]cp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-

°mw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn GsX-¶nepw Hcp

t]cv kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. t]cv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ ka-bØv B t]cv

tbmPn-®-XmtWm F∂pw _u≤-]-c-º-cbv°v A\p-k-cn-®p-≈-

XmtWm F∂p {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. {_m“W ]c-º-c-bv°-\p-

k-cn® t]cp-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√.

C{]-Imcw t]cv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw, "kzoIr-X-\maw'

Ip´n-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-ƒ aq∂p-{]m-hiyw ]d-bp∂p CXp-t]mse

“Rß-fpsS Cu B¨Ip-´n-bpsS/ s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS t]cv C\n

apX¬ ..................... BIp-∂p”. AXn-\ptijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv

kzbw \mtam-—m-cWw sNbvXv Ccn-°p∂ kam-P-Øns‚ ap≥]n¬

Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: C∂v apX¬ Cu B¨Ip´n/s]¨Ip´n

C∂ t]cn¬ ]qI-gvØ-s∏-Spw. F√m-hcpw km[q-˛-km[q˛km[p

]-d™v Ip´nsb Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p. ]n∂oSv hn[n-I¿Øm "ipt`-

—-KoXw' (\∑ -D-W-¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ KoXw) Be-]n®v Ip´n-sbbpw

AXp-t]mse c£m-I¿Øm-hn-t\bpw Bin¿h-Zn-°p∂p.

CXn-\p-tijw ka-bm-\p-k-c-W-ambn {]kw-K-߃

sNøp-Ibpw "alm-aw-K-f-kq‡w' AXp-t]mse "[Ω-]m-e≥KmY'

sNm√n ]qPm-hn[n ]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.hn[n-{I-a-߃:

{Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬, kIm-cm-flIv ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-Pm, Xnc-

Xv\ -h-μ\ ipt`-—-Km-Y, alm-aw-K-f-kq-‡, [Ω]m-e≥ KmY

Ipdn∏v : Cu ip`-h-k-c-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-amb kmaq-ln-I-amb Hcp-

°-ßtfm `£-W-Øns‚ Bh-iytam C√. tIhew Nmb-k-

XvImcw am{Xw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cn-°pw.

6766

[Ω-Zn£m kam-tcm-lWw`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ in£-b-\p-k-cn®v Ft∏m-gmtWm Hcp

hy‡n [Ω-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv

At∏m-gmWv icW am¿§-Øn-eqsS ]©-ioew kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Pohn-X-Ncy kzoI-cn-°p-I.bpw sNøp-∂Xv.

At∏mƒ Xs∂ Abmƒ/Ahƒ _u≤-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. 1955

sabv amkw 24-˛mw XobXn t_mw_-bn¬ h®p≈ Xs‚ Hcp

{]kw-K-Øn¬ t_m[n-kXz _m_ ktl_v tUm: _n.-B¿. -

Aw-t_-ZvI¿ Cßs\ ]d-™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. “_u≤-]c-º-c-

bn¬” D]m-k-I\v [Ω-Zo-j sImSp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. CXv kaq-l-

Øn¬ hn]-co-X-]-cn-Wmaw D≠m-°n. CXn\m¬ D]m-k-Is\

a\- ns‚ ]q¿Æ hnImkw t\Sp-hm≥ Ign-™n√. F∂m¬

Fs‚ [Ω-Øn¬ D]-km-I¿°v "[Ω-Zo£'' sImSp-°-s∏Spw. [Ω-

Zo£sb°p-dn®v Rm≥ Hcp {KŸw Fgp-Øp-∂p≠v Htcm

hy‡n°pw B {KŸ hmßp-hm≥ Ignbpw [Ω-Zo£ B{K-ln-

°p∂ hyI-Xn-Iƒ B ]pkvX-I-Ønse Nne tNmZy-߃°v

hy‡-amb[Ω-Zo£ DØcw \evI-Ww. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v

am{Xta Fs‚ [Ω-Øn-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-°p. _u≤-[-Ω-

Øn¬ {]th-in-°p∂ hy‡n ip{`-h-kv{X[mcn/-[m-cn-Wn-bm-bn-

cn-°-Ww.

CXn¬ \n∂p [ΩZo-£bv°v F{X-am{Xw al-Xz-ap-

s≠∂pw [Ω-Zo£ kamtcm-lWw Hcp al-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb cq]m-

¥-c-s∏-Sp-ج ""kwkvImcw'' BsW∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. Hcp

hy‡nbpw Hcn-°epw P∑w sIm≠vv _p≤-a-X-°m-c\m-Ip-∂n-√.

tIhew _u≤ -Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ Pn\n-°p∂p F∂p am{Xw. AXp-

sIm≠v B _me-It\m/_men-Itbm "_u≤X' a\-kn-em-°p-

I-bn-√. AXm-bXv [Ωa-\-ap-k-cn®v Ah-cn¬ _u≤ kwkvImcw

\n¿_-‘-ambpw hcp-Øp-Ibpw Ah a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn\p tbmKy-

cmtWm Atbm-Ky-cmtWm F∂v hnth-Nn®v Adn-bp-Ibpw AXn-

\-\p-k-c-W-amb "[Ω-Zn£' kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

[ΩZo£bpS Bh-iy-IX a\- n-em-°n-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ

Zn£-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ [Ω-Zo£m ka-tcm-lWw

Xß-fpsS ho´ntem a‰v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿetØm G¿∏mSv

sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu Imcy-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww

\Ωƒv \n¿_-‘-ambpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. k¿Δ-{]-[m\"[Ω-

Zo£' {Kln-°p∂ Bfn\v _p≤, [Ω, kwLw Cu {Xn-c-Xv\-

ß-fpsS kw£n]vXw a\-kn-em-°p-Ibpw AXn\v tijw [Ω-

Zo£ {Kln-°p∂Xn\v Abmƒ ZrV-\n-›-b-sa-Sp-°p-Itbm ]d-

bp-Itbm thWw. AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v GsXmcp BN-cW ioe-

\mb _u≤-t\m, Krl-ÿ-t\m, [Ω-Nm-cn-tbm, `n£pthm

BIs´ "[ΩZo£' ka-tcm-lWw kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-

6968

iy-am-Wv. Cu BtLm-j-Øns‚ coXn Xmsg-]-dbpw {]Im-c-am-

Wv. Zo£m¿∞n shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn®v `K-hm≥ _p≤-t‚bpw

AXp-t]mse t_m[n-kXz tUm: _n.-B¿. Awt_-ZvI-dp-tSbpw

{]Xn-a-Ifn¬ ]qhv (]q-am-e) Nμ-\-Øn-cn, sagp-Ip-Xncn Ch A¿∏n-

°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw aq∂p-{]m-hiyw "hμ\' As√-¶n¬

]©mwK {]Wmaw sNø-Ww. AXn -\p -tijw [Ω-

Zn£bv°pth≠n aq∂p {]mhiyw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ “[Ω-bm-N\

” sNm√-Ww. Rm≥ [Ω Kpcp-hn-t\mSv bmNn-°p-∂p. `n£p-

hmWv Zn£m-hn-[n°p t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂

coXn-bn¬ ]d-bWw:

“Alw _tμ Xnk-c-tW\ kl ]©-io-ew, [Ωw

bNman”A\p-Klw IXzm iCuew tZX sa _tμ

(F\n°v {Xoi-cWw ]©-io¬ ]I¿∂p Xcp-Ibpw H∏w Fs∂

A\p-{Klw sNmcn™v F\n°v ioe-߃ D]-tZ-in-®m-epw.)

AXn\v tijw "Zo£' (A-\p-jvTm-\w) \¬Ip∂ Bƒ

{Xn icWw BZyw ]d-bp-Ibpw Zn£m¿∞n AXv G‰p ]d-bp-

Ibpw thWw. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ "Zn£' \¬Ip∂

Bƒ "{Xn icWw Ka\w \njvTnXw' ({Xn ic¨ Ka\w Ah-km-

\n-∏n-°p-∂p) F∂v ]d-b-Ww.

Zo£m-¿∞n AXv G‰psNm√p-Ibpw thWw. ]ns∂

BNm-cy≥ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]Im-c-ap≈ {]m¿∞\ sNm√p-Ibpw

Zo£m¿∞nsb "Ba _tμ' F∂p ]d™v kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

thWw.

“Cam\n ]©-kn-°m-]-Zm\n, kote\ kpJXn b≥Xn,

kote\ t`mK kºX

kote\ \n_pXn b≥Xn, Xkvam-koew hntim-Zssc”

(Cu A©v in£m-]Z߃ C{]-Im-camWv. Cu ioem-

N-cWw Bflo-tbm-∂X {]m]vXn-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu inem-N-cWw.

`uXnI kºØv In´p-∂-Xn\v D]-bp-‡-am-Wv. Cu inem-N-cWw

\n¿ΔmW {]m]vXn e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v

Fs‚ inem-N-cWw ip≤-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.)

tijw Zo£m¿∞nsbs°m≠v k-Imcm-flIv ]©-

ioehpw 22 {]Xn-⁄-Ifpw sNm√n-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-km\w BNm-

cy≥ F√m-h¿°pw ipt`— \¬Ip-Ibpw [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√n

BNmcw ]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

hn[n-{I-a-߃: bmN\/({]m¿∞-\), {Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬,

kImcm-flIv ]©-io¬, 22 {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ, ipt`-—-Km-Y, [Ω-

]m-e≥ KmY.

7170

hnhm-lw_u≤-[-Ω-Øn¬ t_ta¬ hnhm-lw, _me hnhm-lw,

I\ym hnhmlw F∂nh \njn-≤-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hn[hm

hnhmlw AXp-t]mse hn[p¿ (`mcy acn-®-h¿) hnhmlw F∂nh

AwKo-I-c-am-Wv. hnhmlw Hcp kmaq-lnI Bh-iy-am-Wv. F¥p-

sIm-s≠-∂m¬ kmam-PnI Krlÿ Pohn-XsØ A®S° coXn-

bn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v kv{Xo˛-]p-cp-j≥am-cpsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Cu

hnhm-l-tLmjw AYhm hnhm-l-I-cm-dn¬°qSn \n›-bn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. hnhmlw kmaq-lyhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Hcp _‘-

\-am-Ip-∂p. BNm-c{]m[m-\y-ap≈ hnhm-l-Øn-\p-tijw hnhmlw

\nb-a-]-c-ambn cPn-ÿ sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

_u≤ [Ω-io-e-ß-fn¬ ASn-Ø-d-bm-hp∂ A\p-im-

k\w _p≤-[-Ω-am-Wv. AhnsS kv{Xo˛]pcp-j-∑m¿ kam-\cpw

kzX-{¥-cp-am-Wv. AXm-bX,v _u≤ kam-P-Øn¬ hnhmlw

shdpw [m¿Ωn-I- -kw-kvIm-c-a-√. lnμp [¿Ω {]Im-c-ap≈ I\ym-

-Zm\-hp-a-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ _u≤-[Ωw A\o-iz--c-hm-Zhpw

A\mfl-hm-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Krl-

\-£-{X-߃ AXp-t]mse cmin-Iq-Sn-t®-c¬ XpS-ßn-bh kz`m-

hn-I-ambpw A{]-k-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬ _u≤ D]m-k-I¿°v

Xß-fpsS ]p{X -]p-{Xn-am-cpsS hnhmlw aqe-ap≈ _‘w ÿm]n-

°p∂ ka-bØv c≠p ]£-°m-cp-sSbpw Ign-bpw-hn-[-Øn-ep≈

kuI-cy-ßsf {i≤n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hcs‚ ]£-°mcpw h[p-hns‚ ]£-°mcpw kam-\-cm-

Wv. Bcpw Xs∂ heptXm sNdptXm A√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂

hc-t‚tbm h[p-hn-t‚tbm c≠p-Iq- -cn¬ GXp ]£-°m-cptSbpw

{]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ BZ-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Xocp-am\w Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v

apºv \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hc-t‚bpw h[p-hn-t‚bpw hy‡n-K-X-kz-`m-

h-Øns‚ ]cn-tim-[\ \S-ØpI Bh-iy-am-Wv. hnhm-l-Øn-

\p≈ \n¿t±iw kzoI-cn -®p -I-gn -™m¬ hnhm-l-Øns‚

XobXnbpw ÿe-Øns‚ {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw c≠p-]-£-°mcpw

tN¿∂v kuI-cy-]q¿Δw Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww.

hnhm-l-_‘w ÿm]n-°p∂ ka-btØm hnhml ka-

btØm {]Xy-£-tam ]tcm-£tam Bb kv{Xo[-\-{]-iv\-߃

Db-cm≥ ]mSn-√. am{X-a√, an{i-hn-hm-l-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-

°p-Ibpw PmXo-b-amb BNm-c-ßsf _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw

thWw.F∂m¬, \√ coXn-bn-ep≈ hnhm-l-N-Sßv c≠p ]£-

°m-cp-sSbpw kt¥m-j-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-tI-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-

am-Wv. hnhm-l-Øns‚ XobXn \n›-bn®p Ign-™m¬ Hcp hnti-

j-Imcyw {i≤n-t°-≠Xv Fs¥-∂m¬, Hcp ]t£ hct\m

h[pthm apºv _u≤-c-√m-bn-cn-°mw. F¶n¬ hnhml Xob-Xn°v

apºv as‰mcp XobXn \n›-bn®v Ahsc {]tXyIw {]tXyIw

kuI-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v "_u≤-Zo£' \¬I-Ww. Fs¥-∂m¬, hnhm-

7372

l-Zn-hkw B Imcyw IqSn sNøpI F∂Xv {]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.

ImcWw, B Znhkw a‰v hf-sc-b-[nIw Imcy-߃ sNtø-≠-Xp-

≠v. AXp-t]mse ka-b-°p-dhv ImcWw _u≤-Zo£ As√-

¶n¬ ic¨ Ka-\-Øns‚ alXzw a\- n-em-°pI {].-bm-k-hp-am-

Wv. hnhm-l-mtLmjw h[p-]-£-°m-cpsS ho´n-tem, _u≤-hn-

lm-c-ß-fn-tem, a‰v DNn-X-amb ÿe-ß-fntem h®v \S-Øp-hm≥

km[n-°pw.

Bh-iy-amb km[-\-߃:˛

GXv ÿe-ØmtWm hnhm-lw \S-°p-∂Xv B ÿew

{]tXy-I-ambn hrØn-bm-°-Ww. Hcp Db¿∂ πm‰vt^mw D≠m°n

`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ {]Xna hfsc at\m-l-c-ambpw BI¿j-I-hp-

amb coXn-bnepw Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw t_m[n-kXzm

tUm: _n.-B¿. Awt_-Zv°-dpsS "t^mt´m' Ipd®v Xmsg-bmbn

h®n´v ame CtS-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. A©v sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-

Iƒ, Nμ-\-Xn-cn-Iƒ, Bh-iy-Øn\v ]q°ƒ, sh≈ \qev ip≤-P-

ew, A©p-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ XpWn, h[q-h-c-∑m¿°v th≠n c≠v

henb ]qam-e-Iƒ C{Xbpw Icp-Xn-h-bv°-Ww.

hnhm-l-coXn:˛

hn[n-I¿Ømhv hc-t\bpw h[p-hn-t\bpw sIm≠v

km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ Ch IØn®v _p≤-{]-Xn-asb

]pjv]m¿®-\bpw ]©mw-K-{]-Wm-ahpw sNøn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

XpS¿∂v {Xni-c¨ ]-©-io-¬, kIm-cm-flIv- ]-©-io¬, _p≤-

]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\ Ch sNm√pI.

h[p-hns‚ kΩXw:˛

{Xnc-Xv\-Øns‚ ]mh\ kar-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w D]-hn-jvS-

cmb kam-PsØ km£n \n¿Øn Rm≥ Bbp-jvam≥ .................-

]Xn-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-®v PohnXw apgp-h≥ Rßtfmcp-

an®v Ign™psIm≈m-sa∂p {]Xn-⁄ sNøp-∂p.

hcs‚ kΩXw:˛

{Xnc-Xv\-Øns‚ ]mh\ kar-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w D]-hn-jvS-

cmb kam-PØ km£n \n¿Øn Rm≥ Bbpjva-Xn .....................

]Xv\n-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ kzoI-cn®v PnhnXw apgp-h\pw Hcp-an®v

Ign™psIm≈m-sa∂v {]Xn⁄ sNøp-∂p.

CXn-\p-tijw h[p-h-c≥am-cpsS ssIbpsS apI-fn¬

IqSn ip≤-Pew ]Xps° ]Xps° Hgn-°p-I. B Pew ssIbpsS

Xmsg h®n-cn-°p∂ Xme-Øn¬ H∂n®v h∂p hog-Ww. Pew

Hgn-°p∂ hn[n-I¿Ømhv Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ipt`-—-KmY CuW-

Øn¬ hy‡-ambn sNm√-Ww. CXn\p tijw h[q-h-c≥am-cpsS

ssIIƒ th¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I. _‘n® \q¬ c≠mbn mKn®v c≠p-

t]-cp-tSbpw ssII-fn¬ sI- -Ww. hn[n-I¿Ømhv h[q-h-c≥amsc

I¿Ø-hy-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn⁄ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw sNøn-

°-Ww.

]n∂oSv hn[n-I¿Ømhv D]-hn-jvS-cmb apgp-h≥ kam-P-

Øn-t‚bpw ap≥]n¬ "alm-aw-Kf kqØ' A¿∞-tØm-Sp-IqSn

hmbn-°p-∂p. CXn-\p-tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv ]d-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v

h[p -h-cs‚ Igp-Ønepw c≠m-aXv hc≥ h[p-hns‚ Igp-Ønepw

X∂n-cn-°p∂ ame-b-Wn-bp-∂p. aq∂-a-Xmbn "km[q' F∂v Dd-

s°-]-d-™vsIm≠v hn[n-I¿Ømhpw a‰p-≈-hcpw h[q- h-c≥am-

cpsS ta¬ ]pjv]-߃ A¿∏n®v Ahsc Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p. C{]-

Imcw hnhmlw awK-f-am-°Ww Ah-km\w "[Ω-]m-e≥KmY'

sNm√n hnhm-l-hn[nNS-ßv kam-]n-®-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°-Ww.

hc-s‚bpw h[p-hn-s‚bpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]c-kv]cw

A`n-hmZyw sNøp-I. tijw h[q-h-c-∑m¿ ssIIƒ Iq∏n F√m-

h¿°pw \a-kvIm-cw, \tam-_p-≤m-b, Pbv ow ]d™v \μn tcJ-

s∏-SpØn Xß-fpsS DNn-X-amb ÿm\-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂p. Cu

kabw h∂n-´p≈ kplr-Øp-°fpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw \h-Z-

7574

º-Xn-Isf A\p-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-Im-c-߃

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw Ch-cpsS ASp-tØ°v hcm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tijw

h[qh-c≥am-cpsS _‘p-an-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ HsØm-cp-an®v (kv{Xo-Ifpw

]pcp-j-∑m-cpw) kaq-l-k-Zy-t]m-ep≈ Imcy-߃ sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv.

hn[n-{I-a-߃:˛

{Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬, kImcmflI ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-

Xv\-h-μ-\, h[p- h-c-kzo-Ir-Xn, h[p-h-c≥am-cpsS I¿Øhyw ({]-

Xn-⁄) ipt`-—-Km-Y, alm-aw-K-f-kp-‡, [Ω-]m-e≥Km-Y.

Zml-I¿Ωw AYhm A¥y-hn[nGsX-¶nepw hy‡n ac-W-tØmSv ASp-°p∂ ka-bØv

Abm-fpsS am\-kn-I-im-¥n-bv°v th≠n [ΩnI {KŸ-Øn¬

\n∂p≈ ]cn-{Xm¨ ]mTw AYhm A\n-XyX ]mTw ]d™p

tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]mT-߃ tIƒ∏n®v acn-°p-∂-

Xn\v ip`-amb am\-kn-I-\n-e-bp-≠m-°p-∂p.

AXm-bXv kp{X-]m-Tytam [Ω-{K-Ÿ-]-T-\tam sNø-Ww.

ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ icocw Ipfn-∏n®v kpK-‘-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]qin

shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn-∏n®v tbmPn® coXn-bn¬ Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww.

Cu kabw X’vYm-\-Øp≈ GsX-¶nepw tbmKy-cmb _u≤-

D-]m-k-I-tcm, GsX-¶nepw n£p-thm, [Ω-Nm-cntbm {Xn ic¨,

]©-in-ew, kIm-c-flI ]©-ioew Ch {Kln-∏n-°p-∂p. hn[n-

I¿Ømhv acn® hy‡n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Btcm-

sS-¶nepw ip≤-Pew sIm≠p-h-cp-h≥ ]d-bp-I. Pew sIm≠p-

7776

h∂p Ign-™m¬ AXv Hcp ]m{X-Øn¬ ]Xps° ]Xps° Hgn-

°p-∂p. ([m-c-bm-bn) CXn-\n-S-bn¬ hn[n-I¿Ømhv aq∂p-{]m-hiyw

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ "KmY' sNm√p-∂p.

CZw s\m bmXn\w tlmXp

kpJnXm tlm≥Xp bmXmtbm

(Cu ]pWy-I¿Ωw Rß-fpsS arX-hy‡n sNbvX-Xm-

Wv. arX--_-‘p-hn\v kpJ-ap-≠m-I-s´.)

ho≠pw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ "KmY-Iƒ' sNm√n timI-k-¥m-]vX-Ip-

Spw-_sØ timI-c-ln-X-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-I.

A\n—m hXv kwJmcm D∏m-Z-hb [Ωnt\m

D]-÷nXzm \ncp—m¥n tXkw D]-ktam kptJm

(F√m kwkvIm-chpw A\n-Xy-am-Wv. D≠m-bm¬ \in-

°pI F∂Xv Ah-bpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv. krjvSn-bn¬ IqSn im¥-

am-Ip-∂p. Ahbv°v k¿Δ-im¥n In p-I. ]c-a-kp-J-Zm-b-I-am-Wv.)

F∂m¬, Cu kabw PVtØm-sSm∏w t]mIp-∂-h¿

{ioic¨ D®-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ sNø-W-sa-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬

ac-W-tijw Bcpw "icWw' BIp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v PV-tØm-

sSm∏w t]mIp-tºmƒ "kwJmc A\n-—m-bXn' F∂p-®-cn-°-Ww.

ivaim\ `qan-bn¬ NnX D≠m°n arX-i-cocw NnX-bn¬ h®v (ar-

X-i-cocw ad-hp-sN-øm-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv) {Xn ic¨ ]©-io-ew,

kImcm-flI ]©-in-ew, XpSßn "k√-kq-‡-'߃ A¿∞w

klnXw sNm√-Ww.

AXn\v tijw NnX-bn¬ Xo sImfp-Øn-bn´v A\n-Xy-

]m-Ty-Øn-ep≈ KmY Ipd®v {]h-Nn-°p-Ibpw c≠v an\n‰v au\-

ambn \n∂n´v arX-hy-‡n-bn¬ {i≤m⁄en A¿∏n-°p-∂p. Ah-

km\w A\nXy ]mTw hmbn-°-Ww.

A\n®m hXv kwJmcm

D∏m-Z-hbv [Ωnt\m

D]-÷nXzm \ncp—m¥n

tXkw D]-ktam kptJm

(F√m kwkvIm-chpw A\n-Xy-am-Wv. D≠m-Ip-Ibpw

\in-°p-Ibpw F∂Xv Ah-bpsS [¿Ω-am-Wv. Ah D≠m-bn,

{]Xn-_-‘-ßsf t\cn-´v, Ahbv°v im¥n e`n-t°-≠-XmWv

kpJw.)

hn[n-{Iaw:˛

{Xni-c¨ ]©-io-ew, kImcm-flI ]©-io-ew, k√-

kp-‡w, [Ω-{]-h-N-\w, BZ-cm-⁄en

7978

]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w]mc-º-cy-ambn Cu NSßv hy‡n-bpsS ac-W-tijw

7,14,21 CØ-c-Øn¬ 4 s‚ A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ 49-˛mw Znhkw hsc-

bp≈ GsX-¶nepw (49 Znh-k-Øn-\-Iw) Znhkw sNøp-∂p.

Cu NS-ßn\v th≠n ]qPm-ÿew Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xn\v

tijw AXn\v apI-fn¬ arX hy‡n-bpsS t^mt´m hbv°-Ww.

tijw kmaq-lnI {Xni-cW ]©-ioew AXp-t]mse kIm-cm-

flI ]©-io-ehpw sNm√-Ww. AXn\v tijw hn[n-I¿Øm-hv

_p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\bpw, k√-kp-‡hpw sNm√-Ww.

"D’¿§-kq‡w' sNm√p-Ibpw Ign-hp-t]mse Zm\w aqX-em-bh

sNøp-Ibpw thWw.

D∂sa DZIw h´w bYm \n∂w ]]-Ø-Xn.

Gh-ta-h, CtXm Zn∂w t]Xm-\Mv D]-Im-∏Xn ˛ (1)

bYm hmcn-hlm ]qcm ]cn-]p-tc¥n kmK-cßv

Gh-tah CtXm Zn∂w t]Xm-\Mv D]-Im-∏Xn ˛ (2)

C—n-XMv ]∞nXv Xpbvlw Jn∏-tah kan-P-vQXp

ks∫ ]ptc¥p NnØ-k-¶∏m Ntμm-]-∂-ctkm bYm ˛ (3)

Bbp-cm-tcmKy kav]Øn k§-k-av]-Xn-ta-hN

XtXm \n∫m\ kav]-Xn, Can\m sX kan-P-vQ-Xp. ˛ (4)

8180

1. F{]ImcamtWm aeapIfn¬\n∂pw Pew Xmgvhcbnte°v

HgpInsbØp∂Xv, A{]Imcw GsXms° Zm\mXn

kXvI¿Ω߃ sNbvXn´p≠v AXv arXhy‡nbnte°v

FØnt®cp∂p.

2. F{]ImcamtWm PeØm¬ \ZnIƒ kap{Zw \ndbv°p∂Xv

A{]Imcw GsXms° Zm\mXn kXvI¿Ωƒ sNbvXn´p≠v

AXv arXhy‡nbnte°v FØnt®cp∂p.

3. \n߃ F¥mtWm ]q¿ØnbmIphm≥ B{Kln°p∂Xv

AXv s]s´∂v k^eamIs´. F√m NnØv k¶ev]ßfpw

]u¿Æanbnse N{μs\t∏mse ]q¿ÆamIs´.

4. Cu kXvI¿ΩØn¬ \n߃°v BbqcmtcmKy\n¿ΔmW

kpJw {]m]n°s´.

hn[n-I¿Ømthm arX-hy-‡n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬

\n∂p≈ Bsc-¶ntem Hcmƒ a¨Ip-S-Øn¬ \n∂v ip≤-Pew

as‰mcp sam¥-bn-te°v ]Xps° Hgn-°-mw AXn-\n-S-bn¬ hn[n-

I¿Ømhv Cßs\ ]d-b-Ww.

CZw tlm Rm\n\w tlXp kpJnXm tlmXp

RmXtbmw

tijw hn[n-I¿Øm-hv, BNm-cy≥, [Ω-Nmcn As√-¶n¬

lmP-cm-bn-´p≈ P\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Bsc-¶nepw Hcmƒ A\n-Xy-

X, PV-Xzw, Zp:Jw XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-sf-∏‰n sNdnb {]h-N-\-

߃ \S-Ø-Ww. Ah-km\w [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√-Ww.

hn[n-{Iaw:˛

{Xni-c¨, ]©-io¬, kIm-cm-fl-I, ]©-io-ew, _p≤-

]q-P, {XncXv\ hμ-\, DXvk¿§v kp‡w, [Ω-{]-h-N-\w, BZ-cm-

⁄-en, [Ω-]m-e≥KmY.

Krl-{]-thiw]pXn-b-Xmbn \n¿Ωn® hoSp-I-fnepw Hcp hoSv Dt]-£n®v

as‰mcp ho´n -te°v Xmakw am‰p -tºmgpw Krl-{]-thi

BtLmjw sNøp-∂Xv DNn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ CXv \n¿_-‘-an-

√. hoSv hrØn-bm-°n-b-Xn\v tijw Hcp tbmPn® ÿm\Øv

]qPm-ÿm\w D≠m-°n AhnSw \√-t]mse Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww. "Cu

ÿm\w ÿnc-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw'. ho´n-ep≈ apgp-h≥

AwK-ßfpw hrØn-bp≈ hkv{X-߃ [cn®v ]qP-ÿ-e-Øn\v

ap≥]n-en-cn-°-Ww. tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv {Xn ic¨ ]©-io¬,

kImcm-flIv ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-Pm, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, cXv\-kq-

Ø, alm-aw-Kf kpØv, Ic-Wnb saØ-kpØv Ch sNm√-Ww.

aZy-]m-\w, ]pI-h-en, NqXp-Ifn XpS-ßnb Aaw-K-f-Im-

cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Cu hoSv Hgn™v \n¬°p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse

\nXyhpw hoSv hrØn-bmbn kq£n-°p-Ibpw ho´n¬ im¥n-bp-

tS-Xmb A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-Ibpw thWw. ho´n¬ F√m

AwK-߃°v kpJhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v Btcm-Kyhpw hnZym- ym-khpw

\¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ {i≤ hbv°p-Ibpw thWw. AXp-t]mse "Blm-

c-]-Zm¿∞-߃ \jvSs∏Sp-ØmsX kq£n-°pI' XpS-ßnb Imcy-

ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-߃ \S-Ø-Ww. Cu Xc-Øn¬ `K-hm≥

_p≤\pw At±-l-Øns‚ [Ωhpw F∂ [Ω ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

\nt∂m [Ω-]Zw \n∂pw ""temI-h§'' AXp-t]mse "ioe-[-ΩI

kzcq]v' XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ tbmPn® {]h-N-\-߃

sNø-Ww. tijw F√m-hcpw tN¿∂v "kt∫ kØm kpJn

tlm¥p' im¥-ambn sNm√p-I.

kabw In´p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Ah-km\w [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY

sNm√n h∂n-´p≈h¿°v F√mw \μnbpw ]d™v kmh[m\w

]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I.

hn[n-I¿Ωw:˛

{Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬, kIm-cm-flI ]©-in¬, _p≤-

]p-Pm, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, cXv\-kp-Øv, alm-aw-Kf kpØ, IcWob-

saØ kpØv, [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY.

8382

ka¿∏W hn[nCu BtLmjw _u≤-hn-lm-c-ß-fpsS DZvLm-S-\w

hnlm-c-Øn¬ AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ _p≤ t_m[n-k-Xz-cq-]-ßsf

ÿm]n-°p∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. AØcw Ah-

k-c-ß-fn¬ A¥-co£w hfsc im¥hpw kpJ-{]-Zhpw Bbn-cn-

°Ww am{X-a√ D®-kz-c-Øn-ep≈ euUv kv]o°-dn¬ \n∂p≈

Km\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p ap‡hpw a‰v bmsXmcp Xc-

Øn-ep≈ Aim-¥nbpw D≠m-Im≥]m-Sn-√. "kn\na' BZn-bm-b-

h-bnse Km\-߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw Hgn-hm-°-Ww. Ah Cu ka-

b-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-a-√. F∂m¬ a\-kn\v kt¥mjw \¬Ip∂

DØ-a-amb efn-Xhpw, {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sn-W-ßn-b-Xp-amb kwKo-X-D-

]-I-cW kwKo-X-hm-Z\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS hmb\ DØ-a-am-Wv.

BZy-ambn ]qPm-ÿm\w bYm-hn[n Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww.

Ccn-°p∂ F√m-hcpw aq∂p-{]m-hiyw hn[n-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]©mw-

K-{]-Wmaw sNøpI Bh-iy-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ P\-kw-Jybpw

ka-bhpw A\p-k-cn®v {]Wmaw sNø-Ww. Cu kabw F√m

kmaq-ln-I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ {Xni-c-Ww, ]©-in¬, kImcm-flIv

]©-io¬ Ch sNm√-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv

ka¿∏W KmY BNm-c-thfbn¬ BZyw ]d-bp-Ibpw tijw

F√m-hcpw ]n∂mse ˛ ]n∂mse AtX‰v sNm√-Ww. hn[n-

I¿Ømhv _p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, alm-aw-Kf kqØv, Pb-aw-

Kf AjvS-Km-Y, Ic-Wo-b-sa-Ø-kpØv Cu kp‡-߃°v tijw

[Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√n BtLmjw ip`-]-cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww.

[Ω-]m-e≥ KmYbv°v apºv [Ω-{]-h-N\w \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ka¿∏WwR߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w {Xnc-Xv\-߃°v ka¿∏n-°p∂p

a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v ]q¿Æ-amb Adn-hns‚ BZ¿iw Dƒs°m-≈p∂

_p≤\v R߃ Cu CSw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

GXv [Ω-am¿§ BN-cW tlX-hm-bmtWm R߃ A\p-{K-l-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂Xv B [Ω-Øn\v R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

FhnsS \n∂mtWm ]c-kv]cw sF-iz-cy-]q¿Æ-amb kvt\l-Øns‚

B\μw R߃ FSp-°p-∂Xv B kwL-Øn\v R߃ Cu CSw

ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

ChnsS bmsXmcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ hy¿∞-amb i_vtZm-—m-c-W-ß-fn-√.

N©e hnNm-c-߃ sIm≠v Rß-fpsS a\- p-Iƒ ChnsS Iºn-X-s∏-Sp-∂n√

]©-io-e-Øns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v th≠n, [ym\-N-cy-bpsS A`ym-k-

Øn\v th≠n ]q¿Æ-amb ⁄m\w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n {]⁄-

bpsS hnIm-k-Øn\v th≠n R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

_mly-temIw kwL¿j]qcn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ChnsS im¥n am{X-

am-Ip-∂p. _mly-temIw Zp:J]q-cn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ChnsS B\-μ-

ap≠v. shdpw {KŸ-ß-fpsS ]T\w sIm≠v ]hn-{XX e`y-a√. Pew

Xfn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠v ]hn-{XX a\- n-em-Ip-∂n√. B¿°mtWm BN-c-

W-ß-fn¬ IqSn ]q¿Æ ⁄m\w e`n-®Xv AØ-cØnep-≈-h¿°v

R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn{X CS-Ønse F√m-h-

cnepw ]cn-ip-≤n-bpsS Ia-e-]p-jv]-߃ hnS-cs´

Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn{X CS-Ønse F√m-h-

cnepw ZrV k¶-ev]-Øns‚ h{P-˛-XSw \ne-\n-ev°s´

Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn-{X-C-S-Ønse F√m-h-

cnepw kwkm-c-\n¿Δ-W-Ønse am‰w hcp-Øp∂ A·n-Pzme Db-cs´

Chn-sS-bn-cp-∂v, ChnsS A`y-kn®v \ΩpsS a\ v {]_p-≤-am-hs´.

\ΩpsS hnNm-c-߃ [Ω-am-hs . \ΩpsS ]c-kv]c _‘w kwL-am-hs´

k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fpsS kpJ-Øn\v th≠nbpw k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fp-

sS lnX-Øn\v th≠nbpw hm°mepw ˛a-\- m-epw˛ {]h¿Øn-bmepw

R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p∂p

8584

(CXv BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb D¿§bo≥ kwL-c-£nXv cNn® Cw•ojv Imhy-

Øns‚ lnμn X¿÷-a-bpsS ae-bmfw ]cn-`m-j-bm-Wv)

Ipdn∏v:˛ _u≤ hnlm-c-߃ [Ω kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS tI{μ-ß-fm-Wv.

Ahsb cmjv{So-b-am-bpw, ]m¿´n-]-c-am-bpw, kzImcy Xmev]-cy-ß-fp-tS-

Xmb tI{μ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v am‰n \n¿Ø-Ww. Ah k¿Δ P\-߃°pw

th≠nhFt∏m-gpw apgp-In-b-h-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. hnlm-c-ß-fpsS \nba

CS]mSp-Iƒ kpio-e-cpw, hn\-b-cpw, [Ω PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb

kZm-Nm-cn-I-fm-b-h-cpsS ssII-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°-Ww.

Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-fp-tS-bpw Zpkz-`m-hn-I-fp-tSbpw ssII-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°-cp-Xv.

Ah-cpsS [Ω-Im-cy-߃ \nc-¥cw \oco-£n-°-Ww. _u≤-P-\-߃Cu Imcy-ß-fn¬ F√m-bvt∏mgpw PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

ipt`—m

CNOn-XMv ]XvYnXMv Xpb-vlMv Jn∏-tah kan-P’Xp

kt∫ ]ptc¥p NnØk-¶∏m Ntμm ]∂-ctkm bYm(1)

A`n-hm-Z-\-kn-en  \n®Mv apSvTm-]-Nm-bnt\m

NØmtcm [Ωm hS-vTm¥n Bbp htÆm kpJMv _e-Mv(2)

k_o-Xntbm hnh-÷-≥Xp kt∫tcmtKm hn\- Xp

am tX `hXvh¥cmtbm kpJn `nLm-bptIm `h(3)

`hXp k∫ awK-e-Mv, cIv-J¥p k∫. tZhXm

k∫ _p≤m-\p-`m-th-\, kZm tkmXvYn `h≥Xp -tX(4)

`hXp k∫ awK-e-Mv, cI-vJ\vXp k∫ tZhXm

k∫ [Ωm-\p-`m-th\, kZm tkmXvYn `h-\vXp tX (5)

`hXp k∫ awKeMv cI-J\vXp k∫ tZhXm

k∫ kwLm\p `mth-\, kZm tkmXvYn `h\vXp tX (6)

1. Xm¶ƒ Bhiys∏Sp∂tXm, B{Kln°p∂tXm Bb F√mhkvXp°fpw Xm¶ƒ°v io{LKXnbn¬ {]m]vXamIs´.Xm¶fpsS a\ nep≈ F√m k¶ev]ßfpw ]u¿ÆanbnseN{μs\t∏mse ]q¿ÆamIs´.

2. B¿°mtWm A`nhmZ\ioeap≈Xv BcmtWmapXn¿∂hsc tkhn°p∂Xv AhcpsS \mep Imcy߃Dbcs´. Bbp v, bi v, kpJw, _ew.

3. F√m Bk‡nIfn¬\n∂pw Xm¶ƒ Hgn™p\n¬°s´.F√m tcmKßfnepw XS ßfnepw \n∂v Xm¶ƒtamNnX\mIs´. Xm¶ƒ kpJw D≈h\pw Zo¿Lmbp vD≈h\pamIs´.

4. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. _p≤ `mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpwk¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.

5. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. [Ω `mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpwk¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.

6. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. kwL`mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpw

k¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.

86 87

tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar MA.Ph.D., D.Sc. LL.D; D.Lit,Barrister At Law. Member Council of States

26, Alipore Road, Civil Line, New DelhiDated: The 4th Dec. 1956.

Dear Mr. Kardak,Please refer to your letter of 12th November 1956. The

Buddhist marriage ceremony is simple. There is no Hom andthere is no Saptapadi. The essence of ceremony lies in placingan earthern pot newly made between the bride and the bride-groom on stool and to fill it brimful with water. The bride andthe bridegroom to stand on two sides of the pot. They shouldplace a cotton thread in water pot and each hold one end ofthread in there hands. Some one should sing the Mangal Sutta.Both bride and bridegroom should wear white clothes.

To,

Shri V.S. Kardak Yours Sincerely,41-2; 3rd Marine Street, (Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR)Bombay-2.

tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv

tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°¿ MA.Ph.D., D.Sc. LL.D; D.Lit,Barrister At Law. Member Council of States

26, Aent]m¿ tdmUv, knhn¬ sse≥, \yq U¬ln

XobXn : 1956 Unkw_¿ 4

{]nb Im¿sU-Iv,

1956 \hw-_¿ 12-˛mw XobXn Xm¶ƒ Ab®v IØv ]cn-

tim-[n-®p. _u≤˛hn-hmlw hfsc efn-X-am-Wv. _u≤-˛-co-Xn-b-

\p-k-cn®v hnhml I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ tlma-ßtfm A·n-{]-Z-`-£n-

W-ßtfm C√. CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈ hnhm-l-N-S-ßns‚ Npcp°w

C{X-am-{Xta D≈q. AXm-bXv Hcp ]pXnb a¨Ip-S-Øn¬ ip≤-

Pew \nd®v h[q-h-c≥am¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Ãqfn¬ hbv°pI. Cu

IpS-Øns‚ Ccp-h-iØpw h[q-h-c-∑m¿ \n¬°p-Ibpw Hcp Ab-

™-\q-ens‚ A{Kw IpS-Ønse Pe-Øn¬ XmgvØp-∂p. AXns‚

at‰ A{Kw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ssIsIm≠v ]nSn-°-Ww. Bsc-¶nepw

Hcmƒ h[q-h-c-∑m¿°v {Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬, alm-aw-Kf kp‡w

Ch sNm√n-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ h[q-h-c≥am¿

shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn-°-Ww.

To,

{io. hn.Fkv. Im¿sUIv Bflm¿∞XtbmsS,

41-2; 3rd assd≥ kv{So‰v (Dr. B.R.Awt_Zv°¿)

t_mws_˛2.

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°p-Itbm sNøn-°p-Itbm thWw. IqSmsX "`K-hm≥ _p≤\pw

At±-l-Øns‚ [Ωhpw' F∂ {KŸtam a‰v _u≤-{K-Ÿ-ßtfm

]cm-bWw sNøp-Itbm ]Tn-°p-Itbm ]Tn-∏n-°p-Itbm thWw.

[Ωw tIƒ°p-Itbm tIƒ∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv

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`m-h\ F∂o [ym\-߃ hfsc efn-Xhpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ Chbv°v am‰w hcp-Øm\pw Ch icn-bmbn ]Tn-°p-∂-

Xn\p Ch-bpsS icn-bmb coXn-bn-ep≈ A`ym-k-Øn\v th≠n

[Ω-im-e-I-fn¬ (_p-≤-hn-lm¿) bYm-k-abw sNt√-≠Xv Bh-

iy-am-Wv.

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