Lesson 5 - RQTC Vision & Mental Imagery (75 Minutes)

Learning Objectives

• Review basic anatomy and physiology of optic nerve pathway • Explain effect of gaze direction on neuromuscular activity • Discuss relationship of gaze and vestibular function • Describe the physiologic effects of research-based mental imagery practice • Explain the therapeutic applications of mental imagery • Discuss the five components of effective mental practice • Demonstrate use of gaze preference to stimulate specific neuromuscular function • Demonstrate functional use of mental imagery with therapeutic movement

1. Introduction Brain function

2. Functional Vision Anatomy & Physiology review Muscle activation Vestibular function

3. Mental Imagery Mental practice Strength / motor recruitment Skill performance Immune function Therapeutic applications Effective mental practice

4. Vision & Mental Imagery Practice Standing posture Flowing motion Cloud hands Parting the Wild Horses Mane Wuji Standing

References RQTC Vision & Mental Imagery: Lesson 5 1. Anees A. Sheikh & Errol R. Korn. Imagery in Sports and Physical Performance. New

York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. 1994 2. Wayne, Peter. The Harvard Medical School Guide to Tai Chi. Boston, Mass: Shambhala,

2013 3. Effect of gaze direction on neck muscle activity during cervical rotation. Catharina S.

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5. Priming of head premotor circuits during oculomotor preparation. Brian D. Corneil, Douglas P. Munoz, Etienne Olivier. J Neurophysiol. 2007 January; 97(1): 701–714.

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8. McGibbon, Chris A et al. “Tai Chi and Vestibular Rehabilitation Improve Vestibulopathic Gait via Different Neuromuscular Mechanisms: Preliminary Report.” BMC Neurology 5 (2005): 3.

9. From mental power to muscle power--gaining strength by using the mind. Vinoth K. Ranganathan, Vlodek Siemionow, Jing Z. Liu, Vinod Sahgal, Guang H. Yue Neuropsychologia. 2004; 42(7): 944–956

10. Mind Over Matter: Mental Training Increases Physical Strength. Erin M. Shackell and Lionel G. Standing. Bishop's University

11. Benefits of motor imagery training on muscle strength. Florent Lebon, Christian Collet, Aymeric Guillot J Strength Cond Res. 2010 June; 24(6): 1680–1687

12. The Effects of positive and negative imagery on motor skill performance. Woolfolk, Parrish, and Murphy. JOURNAL OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY, 1985, 7, 191-197

13. GRAHAM E. POWELL (1973) NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE MENTAL PRACTICE IN MOTOR SKILL ACQUISITION. Perceptual and Motor Skills: Volume 37, Issue , pp. 312-312.

14. Effects of relaxation with guided imagery on surgical stress and wound healing. C. Holden-Lund Res Nurs Health. 1988 August; 11(4): 235–244

15. The effects of guided imagery on the immune system: a critical review. Trakhtenberg EC. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2008 Jun; 118 (6): pages 839-55

16. Motor Imagery in Physical Therapist Practice. Ruth Dickstein and Judith E Deutsch. PHYS THER. 2007; 87:942-953.

17. Mental imagery and its potential for physical therapy. L. Warner, M. E. McNeill. Phys Ther. 1988 April; 68(4): 516–521

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20. Strength Gains by Motor Imagery with Different Ratios of Physical to Mental Practice Mathias Reiser, Dirk Büsch, Jörn Munzert Front Psychol. 2011; 2: 194.