fungi 1 lecture 23 summer, 2004 demosthenes pappagianis, m.d., ph.d
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The scope of medically important fungiTRANSCRIPT
Fungi 1 Lecture 23 Summer, 2004 Demosthenes Pappagianis, M.D.,
Ph.D.
MMI 480B The scope of medically important fungi Possible outcomes
in interaction between infectious agent and the host
Infection subclinical (inapparent) healed latent reactivation
healed illness healed death clincally apparent acute recovery
healed relapse fulminating death recovery chronic death persistent
recovery healed relapse healed death Mold colony Microsporum canis
Mold hyphae and conidia Yeast colony- Candida albicans Budding
yeast Cryptococcus neoformans Dimorphism in Mucor species Fungal
Cell (Eukaryotic)
Capsul (CHO) Mitochondrion Wall , glucan mannan chitin protein
Golgi-like ductyosome Glycogen Microbody catalase Vacuole Lomasome
Microtubules Nucleus pore nucleolus envelope Cytoplasmic membrane
eroosterol Ribosomes (80S) Endoplasmic reticulum Properties of
Infectious Agents
(From Dr. Beamans Lecture 1) Virus Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
1.Relative size (diameter) 2.Nucleic acid 3.Nuclear membrane
4.Chromosomes/cell 5.Histone bound DNA 6.Mitotic division 7.Protein
8.Enzymes 9.Ability to produce energy 10.Cytoplasmic ribosomes 2.0
m more than one (80S) 11.Organellar ribosomes 12.Mitochondria
13.Chloroplasts 14.Structured outer coat(notmembrane)
15.Cytoplasmic membrane 16.Free living 17.Endoplasmic reticulum
18.Golgi apparatus 19.Membrane bound structured cilia or flagella
20.Simple flagella (not membrane bound) - -/+ (cell wall) +/- +
(most) Plants (cell wall) fungi & plants + (if present)
21.Cytoplasmic streaming 22.Ameboid movement 23.Phagocytosis &
pinocytosis 24.Storage inclusion bodies 25.Microtubules
26.Mesosomes (intracytoplasmicmembranes) 27.Lipids
28.Polysaccharides 29.Non-unit membrane gas vacuoles 30.Unit
membrane-boundvacuole 31.Centriole -(some exceptions) +/- KOH mount
of skin with hyphae Calcofluor stain - P. brasiliensis Adrenal
Gland - Histoplasmosis
H & E stain Methenamine silver Fungi - vegetative growth
Yeast Mold Asexual Spores Anti-fungal Agents Life Cycle of Rhizopus
stolonifer - zygomycete Basidiomycete Ascomycete The scope of
medically important fungi Various Exposures and Influences of
Mycotoxins
Anaissie, et al Aspergilllus flavus Colony Aflatoxins Edible
mushrooms Toxic mushrooms a-amanitin Ergot fungus Claviceps
purpurea
Rye Wheat Ergot Alkaloids Amine Alkaloids Peptide Alkaloids
Mycotoxins and Their Biological Effects
Organism Aflatoxins Hepatocarcinogen A. parasiticus, A. flavus
Trichothecenes (T-2, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, satratoxins, DAS*)
Dermal toxicity; impairment of immune system; inhibit protein
synthesis, teratogen* Fusarium, Acremonium, Stachyobotris,
Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Verticimonosporium Anthraquinones
(luteoskyrin, rugulosin, iridoskyrin, emodin) Hepatotoxic,
hepatocarcinogen or mutagen Penicillium, Aspergillus Citreoviridin
Neurotoxin; inhibits mitochondrial ATPase activity, reduces
glycogen synthetase activity Penicillium Naphtoquinones
(xanthomeganin, viomellein) Hepatotoxic Trychophyton, Penicillium
viridicatum Ochratoxins Inhibit phe-tRNA synthase Aspergillus,
Penicillium Zearalenone (F-2) Estrogenic, teratogenic Fusarium
graminearum Chloropeptide (islandi-toxin) Hepatotoxin, decreases
hepatic glycogen synthase activity Penicillium islandicum *DAS =
diacetoxy-12, 13-epoxytrichotece-9-ene