fungi. you must know… the characteristics of fungi important ecological roles of fungi in...
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FUNGI
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YOU MUST KNOW…• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
FUNGI• IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL ROLES
OF FUNGI IN MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND AS DECOMPOSERS AND PARASITIC PLANT PATHOGENS
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WHAT IS MYCORRHIZAL?
• A symbiotic (generally mutualistic, but occasionally weakly pathogenic) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.
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CONCEPT 31.1• FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS
THAT FEED BY ABSORPTION
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• EUKARYOTES• MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS
THAT OBTAIN NUTRIENTS BY ABSORPTION
• SECRETE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES, DIGEST FOOD OUTSIDE THEIR BODIES, AND ABSORB THE SMALL MOLECULES
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• CELL WALLS MADE OF CHITIN• BODIES ARE COMPOSED OF
FILAMENTS CALLED HYPHAE THAT ARE ENTWINED TO FORM THE MYCELIUM• HYPHAE ARE DIVIDED INTO CELLS BY
SEPTA• REPRODUCE BY SPORES• NUTRITION MODES INCLUDE
DECOMPOSERS, PARASITES, AND MUTUALISTS
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CONCEPT 31.4• FUNGI HAVE RADIATED INTO A
DIVERSE SET OF LINEAGES
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FUNGI – 5 PHYLA
• ASCOMYCOTA (SAC FUNGI) – PRODUCE SEXUAL SPORES IN SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ASCI – INCLUDE YEASTS AND SORDARIA
• BASIDIOMYCOTA (CLUB FUNGI) – INCLUDE MUSHROOMS- IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS
• DUETEROMYCOTES – ASEXUAL, QUICK GROWING FUNGUS (MOLDS)
• MYCOPHYCOTA• ZYGOMYCOTA (ZYGOTE FUNGI) –
TERRESTRIAL – PARASITES, COMMENSAL SYMBIONTS
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EXAMPLESAscomycota – Yeasts, powdery mildews,
blue-green molds, morels, truffles
Basidiomycota – Mushrooms, smuts, rusts, jelly fungi, puffballs, stinkhorns
Deuteromycota – Imperfect Fungi (parasites that cause diseases of plants and animals)
Mycophycota - Lichen
Zygomycota – Bread mold
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CONCEPT 31.5• FUNGI PLAY KEY ROLES IN
NUTRIENT CYCLING, ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS, AND HUMAN WELFARE
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• IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS OF ORGANIC MATERIAL INCLUDING CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN
• MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT ROOTS AND IMPROVES THE DELIVERY OF MINERALS TO THE PLANT (MUTUALISM)
• LICHENS – SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISMS (ALGAE) EMBEDDED IN A NETWORK OF FUNGAL HYPHAE
• 30% OF FUNGI ARE PARASITES