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LITHUANIAN ENERGY INSTITUTELITHUANIAN ENERGY INSTITUTE

Future Energy Technologies in LithuaniaFuture Energy Technologies in Lithuania

Dr. Liudas Pranevicius Dr. Liudas Pranevicius

Senior ResearcherSenior Researcher

Lithuanian Energy InstituteLithuanian Energy Institute

BreslaujosBreslaujos 3, LT3, LT--44403 Kaunas, Lithuania44403 Kaunas, Lithuania

Phone +370 37 401 832, Fax: +370 37 351271 Phone +370 37 401 832, Fax: +370 37 351271

EE--mail: mail: liudas.pranevicius@ktu.ltliudas.pranevicius@ktu.lt, , http://http://www.lei.ltwww.lei.lt

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Outline of the presentationOutline of the presentation

1.1. Structure an consumptions of primary energy in Structure an consumptions of primary energy in Lithuania. Lithuania.

2.2. NTP establishmentNTP establishment

3.3. NTP partners.NTP partners.

4.4. NTP goals and thematic groups.NTP goals and thematic groups.

5.5. General goals of R&D activities.General goals of R&D activities.

6.6. Specific goals of R&D activities.Specific goals of R&D activities.

7.7. Poles of competence.Poles of competence.

8.8. International collaboration.International collaboration.

9.9. Laboratories background.Laboratories background.

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Structure of primary energy consumption in 2005Structure of primary energy consumption in 2005

Indigenous

resources

10.5%Oil products

30.0%

Nuclear energy

30.0%

Natural gas

27.5% Coal

2.1%

Population – 3,44 mil.

territory – 65300 km2,

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Primary energy consumptionPrimary energy consumption

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mln

. to

e

Indigenous resources Nuclear energy Coal Natural gas Oil products Electricity export

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NTP establishmentNTP establishment

Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform was Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform was

established on the 12established on the 12thth of June 2006. of June 2006.

Twelve partners signed Twelve partners signed a contract on joint activities a contract on joint activities

(partnership) and established the (partnership) and established the Lithuanian Hydrogen and Lithuanian Hydrogen and

Fuel Cell Technology Platform.Fuel Cell Technology Platform.

The partners represent the stakeholders of industry and The partners represent the stakeholders of industry and

research institutions. research institutions.

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NTP PartnersNTP Partners

Hydrogen Energy Association. Hydrogen Energy Association.

Lithuanian Energy Institute.Lithuanian Energy Institute.

Kaunas University of Technology.Kaunas University of Technology.

Vytautas Magnus University.Vytautas Magnus University.

Vilnius University.Vilnius University.

Limited Liability Company Limited Liability Company ““AchemaAchema HidrostotysHidrostotys““..

Limited Liability Company Limited Liability Company ““NortaNorta““..

Limited Liability Company Limited Liability Company ““EnergenasEnergenas““..

Limited Liability Company Limited Liability Company ““SklypoSklypo EnergijaEnergija““..

Personal Enterprise Personal Enterprise ““AcetilenasAcetilenas””..

Limited Liability Company Limited Liability Company ““VerolodaVeroloda““..

PublicPublic Establishment Establishment ““Applied Research Institute for Prospective TechnologiesApplied Research Institute for Prospective Technologies““. .

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NTP goals and thematic groupsNTP goals and thematic groups

The main goals of the Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell TechnoloThe main goals of the Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology gy

Platform are:Platform are:

••To integrate Lithuanian hydrogen and fuel cell economy into the To integrate Lithuanian hydrogen and fuel cell economy into the

European Union area of innovation and business.European Union area of innovation and business.

••To promote the competitive ability of Lithuanian hydrogen and fuTo promote the competitive ability of Lithuanian hydrogen and fuel el

cell technologies, economical and employment growth. cell technologies, economical and employment growth.

Three thematic groups are formed:Three thematic groups are formed:

••Strategy and development.Strategy and development.

••Research and innovations.Research and innovations.

••Industrial development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.Industrial development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.

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General goals of R&D activitiesGeneral goals of R&D activities

1.1. To obtain new knowledge about multifunctional To obtain new knowledge about multifunctional nanomaterialsnanomaterials and and their properties; to study the influence of the synthesis parametheir properties; to study the influence of the synthesis parameters on ters on the efficiency of components; to find new multifunctional materithe efficiency of components; to find new multifunctional materials als and technologies to be used in production of components for and technologies to be used in production of components for hydrogen hydrogen energeticsenergetics..

2.2. Development of fundamental and technological research in the areDevelopment of fundamental and technological research in the area a of hydrogen of hydrogen energeticsenergetics in Lithuania by using physical technologies in Lithuania by using physical technologies of thin film synthesis. To perform research in the field of hydrof thin film synthesis. To perform research in the field of hydrogen ogen production, storage, fuel cells and legal and economic environmeproduction, storage, fuel cells and legal and economic environment nt for hydrogen for hydrogen energeticsenergetics; to use the obtained results for the studies ; to use the obtained results for the studies and in the preparation of high qualification experts.and in the preparation of high qualification experts.

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Specific goals of R&D activitiesSpecific goals of R&D activities

1.1. Fabrication of Fabrication of nanocrystallinenanocrystalline metals and alloys for hydrogen metals and alloys for hydrogen

storage using physical storage using physical vaporvapor deposition technologies and their deposition technologies and their

properties analysis in search for new multifunctional properties analysis in search for new multifunctional nanocrystallinenanocrystalline

materials with improved technical characteristics; the analysis materials with improved technical characteristics; the analysis of of

prevailing processes: prevailing processes: adsorbtionadsorbtion, dissociation and synthesis during , dissociation and synthesis during

hydrogenation and decomposition, separation of hydrogen and hydrogenation and decomposition, separation of hydrogen and

desorbtiondesorbtion ((rehydridingrehydriding).).

2.2. Investigation of various oxide Investigation of various oxide nanocrystalinenanocrystaline ceramics synthesis in ceramics synthesis in

order to choose optimal materials and technologies for producingorder to choose optimal materials and technologies for producing

thick film of controlled morphology (values of the grains, porosthick film of controlled morphology (values of the grains, porosity) ity)

ceramics for SOFC components (electrolytes, electrodes).ceramics for SOFC components (electrolytes, electrodes).

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The Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Platform The Lithuanian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Platform

will seek to create poles of competence in:will seek to create poles of competence in:

1.1. Innovation and Development Actions No. 1, Innovation and Development Actions No. 1, –– developing solid state developing solid state

hydrogen storage materials for vehicle applications with the emphydrogen storage materials for vehicle applications with the emphasis on hasis on

synthesis of synthesis of nanocrystallinenanocrystalline Mg Mg –– based and Al based and Al –– based hydrogen storage based hydrogen storage

compounds.compounds.

2.2. Innovation and Development Actions No.3, Innovation and Development Actions No.3, –– developing and testing of developing and testing of

nanocrystallinenanocrystalline materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Ion beammaterials for solid oxide fuel cells. Ion beam –– plasma plasma

based technologies will be used for materials synthesis.based technologies will be used for materials synthesis.

3.3. Innovation and Development Actions No.4, Innovation and Development Actions No.4, –– developing combined solid developing combined solid

state hydrogen storage and solid oxide fuel cells portable systestate hydrogen storage and solid oxide fuel cells portable systems, which ms, which

can be used in early markets. can be used in early markets.

4.4. Developing and installation of combine systems: wind energy pluDeveloping and installation of combine systems: wind energy plus s

hydrogen energy.hydrogen energy.

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International collaborationInternational collaboration

IEA Hydrogen Implementing Agreement:IEA Hydrogen Implementing Agreement:

Since 2002 active member in Task 17 and Task 22:Since 2002 active member in Task 17 and Task 22: ””Solid and Solid and

Liquid Hydrogen Storage MaterialsLiquid Hydrogen Storage Materials””..

Nordic Energy Research Nordic Energy Research ProgrammeProgramme::

New Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen StorageNew Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Objectives:Objectives:

Production and characterization of crystalline MgProduction and characterization of crystalline Mg22NiHNiH44 thin filmsthin films

Partners:Partners:

-- Stockholm University Stockholm University –– XRD diffraction, TEM measurements.XRD diffraction, TEM measurements.

-- Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), Lithuania Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), Lithuania –– materials synthesis materials synthesis

and preliminary characterization (XRD, SEM and AFM).and preliminary characterization (XRD, SEM and AFM).

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International collaborationInternational collaboration

FP6 projects:FP6 projects:

SSA NENNETSSA NENNET -- High Quality Research Network on High Quality Research Network on NanosciencesNanosciences, Material and , Material and

Energy research in LithuaniaEnergy research in Lithuania

The strategic objectives of NENNET are:The strategic objectives of NENNET are:

To integrate through networking R&D resources on a national leveTo integrate through networking R&D resources on a national level to achieve l to achieve

critical mass for generation of new knowledge and participate incritical mass for generation of new knowledge and participate in ERA activities. ERA activities.

To achieve synergy of R&D and industry by focusing on applicatioTo achieve synergy of R&D and industry by focusing on application driven n driven

approach for R&D efforts and contribute to 3% GDP targetapproach for R&D efforts and contribute to 3% GDP target.

Partners:Partners:

VDIVDI--TZTZ (Germany); CIRCA Group Europe (Ireland); (Germany); CIRCA Group Europe (Ireland); LORDLORD (Belgium) and 5 (Belgium) and 5

Lithuanian partnersLithuanian partners

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International collaborationInternational collaboration

FP6 projects:FP6 projects:

SSA FETSSA FET--EEUEEU -- Future Energy Technologies For Enlarged European UnionFuture Energy Technologies For Enlarged European Union

The strategic objectives of FETThe strategic objectives of FET--EEU are:EEU are:Restricted database of institutions, persons and its competencieRestricted database of institutions, persons and its competencies profiles will be established;s profiles will be established;

Restricted database of project experts representatives of IP andRestricted database of project experts representatives of IP and NoENoE in the area of Priority 6.1.;in the area of Priority 6.1.;

Info Info –– days;days;

Partners:Partners:INSTYTUT ENERGETYKI JEDNOSTKA'BADAWCZO ROZWOJOWA (Poland), INSTYTUT ENERGETYKI JEDNOSTKA'BADAWCZO ROZWOJOWA (Poland),

AGENCE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE LA MAITRISE DE L'ENERGIE (FranceAGENCE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE LA MAITRISE DE L'ENERGIE (France),),

AGENZIA PER LA PROMOZIONE DELLA RICERCA EUROPEA (Italy)AGENZIA PER LA PROMOZIONE DELLA RICERCA EUROPEA (Italy)

ENVIROS CONSULTING LIMITED (UK)ENVIROS CONSULTING LIMITED (UK)

MINISTRSTVO ZA VISOKO SOLSTVO, ZNANOST IN TEHNOLOGUO (Slovenia)MINISTRSTVO ZA VISOKO SOLSTVO, ZNANOST IN TEHNOLOGUO (Slovenia)

INSTITUTUL DE STUDII SI PROIECTARI ENERGETICE (Hungary)INSTITUTUL DE STUDII SI PROIECTARI ENERGETICE (Hungary)

TUDOMANYOS ES TUDOMANYOS ES TECHNOLOGlAITECHNOLOGlAI ALAPITV ANY (Hungary)ALAPITV ANY (Hungary)

RTD RTD TalosTalos LIMITED (Cyprus)LIMITED (Cyprus)

OESTERREICmSCHEOESTERREICmSCHE FORSCHUNGSFOERDERUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH (Austria),FORSCHUNGSFOERDERUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH (Austria),

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International collaborationInternational collaboration

FP6 projects:FP6 projects:

The European Research Training Network (RTN) The European Research Training Network (RTN) ““Hydrogen Storage Research Hydrogen Storage Research

Training NetworkTraining Network”” ((HyTRAINHyTRAIN))

Objectives:Objectives:

Production and characterization of Production and characterization of nanocrystalinenanocrystaline MgMg--NiNi--H hydrides by ion H hydrides by ion

beambeam-- plasma based technologiesplasma based technologies

Partners:Partners:

-- Commission of the European Communities Commission of the European Communities –– Institute for Energy (JRC), Institute for Energy (JRC),

European Union European Union –– hydrogen sorption properties, cycling and etc.hydrogen sorption properties, cycling and etc.

-- Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), Lithuania Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), Lithuania –– materials synthesis and materials synthesis and

characterizationcharacterization

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FusionFusion

FP6 projects:FP6 projects:

SSA SSA -- Characterisation of WCharacterisation of W--Coatings for Fusion ApplicationsCoatings for Fusion Applications

Objectives:Objectives:The goal of the research is the fabrication of W films to be useThe goal of the research is the fabrication of W films to be used in d in plasmaplasma--facing components in fusion devices, and the understanding of thfacing components in fusion devices, and the understanding of the e mechanism of physical phenomena initiating modifications of mechmechanism of physical phenomena initiating modifications of mechanical anical properties of Wproperties of W--based thin films on carbon based substrates under highbased thin films on carbon based substrates under high--flux, lowflux, low--energy H+ ions irradiation in the range of temperatures up to energy H+ ions irradiation in the range of temperatures up to 10001000°°C.C.

Partners:Partners:

Lithuanian Energy Lithuanian Energy InstitutrInstitutr (LEI)(LEI)

VytautsVytauts Magnus University (VMU)Magnus University (VMU)

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Laboratories background: synthesis equipmentLaboratories background: synthesis equipment

Three cathodesThree cathodes

Axial or Flex Head Cathodes Axial or Flex Head Cathodes

Integral Flip or Swing Shutters Integral Flip or Swing Shutters

RF, DC, Pulsed DC PowerRF, DC, Pulsed DC Power

Substrate temperature: up to 350 CSubstrate temperature: up to 350 C

Ultimate vacuum: 5 *10Ultimate vacuum: 5 *10--8 mbar8 mbar

Working pressure: Working pressure:

3*103*10--3 3 –– 5*105*10--3 mbar3 mbar

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Laboratory background: equipmentLaboratory background: equipment

SEM JSM 5600�Resolution (SEI) : up to 3,5 nm

�Image mode : SEI, BEI

�Probe current : 10-12 to 10-6 A

�Accv. Volt : 0,5 to 30 kV

�Tilt: -10° to +90°

AFM NT-206�Operation modes:

Non-contact

Tapping mode, Phase imaging

Contact

Lateral-Force microscopy

Static/dynamic force spectroscopy

�Lateral resolution: 1–5 nm

�Vertical resolution: 0.1–0.5 nm

�Minimum scanning step: 0.3 nm;

�Operation environment: Open air

OPTICAL MICROSCOPE

OLYMPUS CH�Color video camera (SONY CCD-IRIS/RGB)

�Macintosh computer with image analysis

software NIH IMAGE 1.25

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PublicationsPublications

1.1. Milcius D. PraneviMilcius D. Praneviččius L.,ius L., NomgaudytNomgaudytėė J., J., BarnackasBarnackas I. I. Behavior of Hydrogen in Behavior of Hydrogen in

Al, Al, MgAlMgAl Plasma Saturated Films// Plasma Saturated Films// Solid State PhenomenaSolid State Phenomena..-- 2004, Vol. 972004, Vol. 97--98, p. 98, p.

159159--164.164.

2.2. PraneviPraneviččiusius L.L., L.L., Milcius D.,Milcius D., KnizikeviKnizikeviččiusius R., R., NomgaudytNomgaudytėė J., J., BobrovaitBobrovaitėė B. B.

The Role of Processes on the Surface in Organization of Long RanThe Role of Processes on the Surface in Organization of Long Range Massge Mass--

Transport in the Bulk// Transport in the Bulk// Solid State Phenomena.Solid State Phenomena.-- 2004, Vol. 972004, Vol. 97--98, p. 18598, p. 185--190.190.

3.3. Pranevicius L, Milcius D., Pranevicius L.L., Thomas G. Plasma hyPranevicius L, Milcius D., Pranevicius L.L., Thomas G. Plasma hydrogenation drogenation

of Al, Mg and of Al, Mg and MgAlMgAl films under highfilms under high--flux ion irradiation at elevated temperature // flux ion irradiation at elevated temperature //

J. Alloys and Comp. J. Alloys and Comp. 2004, Vol. 373. p. 92004, Vol. 373. p. 9--15 15

4.4. L.L. Pranevicius, D. Milcius and V. L.L. Pranevicius, D. Milcius and V. GirdauskasGirdauskas. Plasma hydrogenation of . Plasma hydrogenation of

MgAlMgAl thin films and H2 effusion //thin films and H2 effusion // VacuumVacuum, 78, (2005) 477, 78, (2005) 477--481.481.

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PublicationsPublications

5.5. L. Pranevicius, C. L. Pranevicius, C. TemplierTemplier, L.L. Pranevicius and , L.L. Pranevicius and D. Milcius. D. Milcius. Influence ofInfluence of

surface barriers on hydrogen storage in surface barriers on hydrogen storage in MgAlMgAl films on permeable stainlessfilms on permeable stainless

steel membranes//steel membranes// VacuumVacuum, 78 (2005) 367, 78 (2005) 367--373.373.

6.6. L.L. Pranevicius, D. Milcius. Synthesis of Mg(AlHL.L. Pranevicius, D. Milcius. Synthesis of Mg(AlH44))22 in in bylayerbylayer Mg/AlMg/Al

thin films under plasma immersion hydrogen ion implantation and thin films under plasma immersion hydrogen ion implantation and thermalthermal

desorptiondesorption processes// processes// Thin solid filmsThin solid films 485 (2005) 135485 (2005) 135--140140.

7.7. D. Milcius, L.L. Pranevicius and C. D. Milcius, L.L. Pranevicius and C. TemplierTemplier. Hydrogen storage in the . Hydrogen storage in the

bubbles formed by highbubbles formed by high--flux ion implantation in thin Al films //flux ion implantation in thin Al films // Journal of Journal of

Alloys and CompoundsAlloys and Compounds, 398 (2005) 203, 398 (2005) 203--207207

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention