Future programs for flavor physics at

hadron and lepton colliders

Yuanning Gao

Center for High Energy Physics (TUHEP)

Tsinghua University

Thanks to: F. Bossi, S. Eydelman, F.Harris, N. Katayama, S.E.Mueller, Y.F.Wang, M. Yamauchi …

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 2

Plan of the talk

• Flavor physics now and the future

• Brief overview of B physics at LHC

• Programs for flavor physics at future e+e- colliders

• Summary and perspectives

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 3

Flavor physics at a glance

• Focus on future programs at colliders on

- s-quark: Kaon factory- c-quark and -lepton: tau-charm factory - b-quark: Super B-factory

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 4

Flavor physics at a glance

• Flavor Physics (for a non-expert at least) is

- Strange: GIM/CKM too good, too easy,… but true

• Focus on future programs at colliders on

- s-quark: Kaon factory- c-quark and -lepton: tau-charm factory - b-quark: Super B-factory

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 5

M. Antonelli

• Universality, GIM, CKM all work fine at high precision.

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 6

Flavor physics at a glance

• Flavor Physics (for a non-expert at least) is

- Strange: GIM/CKM too good, too easy,… but true- Charming: probing NP beyond TeV scale

• Focus on future programs at colliders on

- s-quark: Kaon factory- c-quark and -lepton: tau-charm factory - b-quark: Super B-factory

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 7

• NP strongly constrained by the knowledge of flavor physics

G. Isidori

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 8

Flavor physics at a glance

• Focus on future programs at colliders on

- s-quark: Kaon factory- c-quark and -lepton: tau-charm factory - b-quark: Super B-factory

• Flavor Physics (for a non-expert at least) is

- Strange: GIM/CKM too good, too easy,… but true- Charming: probing NP beyond TeV scale- Beautiful: technology & technique, fruitful results (see previous talks at this conference)

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 9

Why future programs (1) (A far from complete list )• Search for hits of new physics. - Further (over) constrain the CKM matrix from tree l

evels (less sensitive to NP) and from loop levels (sensitive to NP)

- Rare decays of charm, bottom and tau; charm EDM, kaon interferometer, FCNC decays …

• Understanding the perturbative/non-perturbative nature of QCD. Improve theoretical predictions

- Hadron spectroscopy (quark+gluon), form factors … - R measurements

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 10

• Comments for the worst scenario (MFV)

• The (g-2) is showing hints of new physics? Anything else from other places, say the quark sector?

Why future programs (2)

G. Isidori’s talk

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 11

How future programs perform

• Precision is the Lord !

- Very high luminosity (10-100) x Current machine - State of the art detectors fast DAQ tracking/vertexing; calorimetries for neutrals; PID; full angle coverage - Analysis techniques - Precise theory, theory & experiment interplay

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 12

Brief overview of B physics at LHC

• LHC has great potential for b physics

• Detectors with - high precision tracking/vertexing - efficient trigger with in the final states - efficient trigger with hadronic final states (LHCb) - good PID for /K separation (LHCb)

bb( 14TeV ) ~ 500 b

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 13

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 14

• Machine and Detector installation is underway

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 15

2013-2020(?) Super LHCb, 2x1033, 100 fb-1

T. Nakada

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 16

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 17

+ Penguin decays: + Penguin decays: BBss + Penguin decays: + Penguin decays: BBss

Expected precision of σstat (NP= tree- penguin) ~6º from time dependent analysis with 5 years/10fb-1

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 18

G. Lanfranchi, Lake Louis Winter Institute, 2007

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 19

• LHC is also a charm factory ! Dedicated LHCb D* trigger will provide 108 flavor tagged D hh per 2 fb-1.

P. Spradlin, CHARM’07

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 20

( ) / 3.5%

( ) / 1.7%

( ) / 4.8%

( ) / 2.8%

Taken from V. Vagnoni at CKM06-Nagoya

Without LHCb With LHCb at 10 fb-1

• Will new Physics show up by 2013 ?

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 21

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1 10 100 1000

ILC

ADONE

VEPP2000

Super B-factory

KEK BPEP II

CESR

DAFNE

DAFNE2 BEPCII

CESRc

Ecm

(GeV)

L (cm-2sec-1)

VEPP2M

LEP

TRISTANPETRA

VEPP4MDORIS

SPEARBEPC

COLLIDERS

FACTORIES

SUPER FACTORIES

L (cm-2 s-1)

E (GeV)

e+-e- Colliders: Past, Present and Future

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 22

VEPP-2000 Ecm: 2m - 2.0 GeVLuminosity: 1032 cm-2s-1

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 23

CMD-3 Detector Upgraded SND Detector

B. Khazin, NP B (Proc. Suppl.) 162 (2006) 327

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 24

• Physics at VEPP-2000

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 25

• The collider is in commissioning, first collisions of the beams were achieved in June.

• Both detectors almost completed their upgrade and this autumn will complete assembling. First physics run may start in a year from now, autumn 2008.

• see LP07 posters !

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 26

DAPNE-2

• DAFNE has reached a peak luminosity of 1.4x1032, ~1.5 fb-1/year. About 2.5 fb-1 of data delivered to

KLOE by 2006.

e

e+

KLOE detectorKLOE detector

FINUDA detectorFINUDA detector

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 27

• New interaction region will installed (Sep. 2007) for testing “crab waist”.

• 1 fb-1 for SIDDHA (Kaonic atoms).

• Upgrade KLOE detector.

• From summer 2009 for 3-4 years, physics runs again with KLOE-2 detector at Ecm = M. 3-10 fb-1/year.

• Possible lower (1.0 GeV) or higher Energy runs(?)

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 28

• Rich physics programs at the -factory

- improve Vus measurement - LPV from Ke2 decays - neutral kaon interferometer (CPT and QM tests) - rare Ks decays - eta and eta’ decays - hadron cross-section measurements - ….

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 29

BEPCII/BESIII

SC RF

Beams

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 30

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 31

Energy range 1 – 2.1 GeV

Optimum energy 1.89 GeV

Luminosity 1 x 10 33 cm-2s-1 @ 1.89 GeV

Injection Full energy injection: 1.55 1.89 GeV Positron injection speed > 50 mA/min

Synchrotron mode 250 mA @ 2.5 GeV

• BEPCII design goal

• Collider is under installation and also synchrotron mode runs.

• 1/2008 Cosmic ray test for detectors• 3/2008 Detector in place• 5/2008 Start data taking

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 32

Magnet: 1 T Super conducting

MDC: small cell & He gas xy=130 m sp/p = 0.5% @1GeV dE/dx=6%

TOF: T = 100 ps Barrel 110 ps Endcap

Muon ID: 9 layer RPC

EMCAL: CsI crystal E/E = 2.5% @1 GeV z = 0.6 cm/E

Trigger: Tracks & ShowersPipelined; Latency = 6.4 s

Data Acquisition: Event rate = 3 kHz Thruput ~ 50 MB/s

BESIII Detector

The detector is hermetic for neutral and charged particle with excellent resolution ,PID, and large coverage.

Two rings, 93 bunches:

• Luminosity

1033 cm s @1.89GeV

6 1032 cm s @1.55GeV

6 1032 cm s @ 2.1GeV

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 33

• Charmonium: J/, (2S), C(1S) in J/ decay, C{0,1,2} , C(2S) and hC(1P1) in (2S) decay , (1D) and so on; • Exotics : hybrids, glueballs and other exotics in J/ and (2S) radiative decays;

• Baryons and excited baryons in J/ and (2S) hadronic decays;

• Mesons and mixing of quark and gluon in J/ and (2S) decays;

• Open charm factory : Absolute BR measurements of D and Ds decays, Rare D decay, D0-D0bar mixing, CP violation,f D+, fDs , form factors in semi-leptonic D decays, precise measurement of CKM (Vcd, Vcs), CP violation and strong phase in D Dalitz Decays, light spectroscopy in D0 and D+ Dalitz Decays.

• Electromagnetic form factors and QCD cross section;

• New Charmonium states above open charm threshold---R values ...;

• tau physics near the threshold.

Physics at BESIII

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 34

Resonance Mass(GeV)CMS

Peak Lum.(1033cm-2s-1)

Physics Cross Section (nb)

Nevents/yr

J/ 3.097 0.6 3400 10 109

3.670 1.0 2.4 12 106

(2S) 3.686 1.0 640 3.2 109

D0D0bar 3.770 1.0 3.6 18 106

D+D- 3.770 1.0 2.8 14 106

DsDs 4.030 0.6 0.32 1.0 106

DsDs 4.140 0.6 0.67 2.0 106

Average Lum: L = 0.5×Peak Lum.; One year data taking time: T = 107s

Nevent/year = exp L T

Production

Huge J/ and (2S) samples at BESIII

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 35

Options to increase luminosity(1) crab crossing done at KEKB

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 36

Taken from K. Oide, BGM, 4/07/2007

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 37

Options to increase luminosity(2) Standard approach

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 38

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 39

http://superb.kek.jp/

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 40

Overlap region

z

xz

x

(1) and (2) have same Luminosity, but

(2) has longer bunches and smaller

x

(1) Head-on,Short

bunches

(2) Large crossing angle, long bunches

Large Piwinski angle:

= tg(z/x

Options to increase luminosity(3) Crab waist ( The new idea by P.Raimondi)

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 41

KEKB SuperB

I (A) 1.7 2.

y* (mm) 6 0.3

x* (mm) 300 20

y* (m) 3 0.035

x* (m) 80 6

z (mm) 6 5

L (cm-2s-1) 1.7x1034 1.x1036

Tests with beam in Frascati DAFNE Study

Fall 2007

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 42

SuperB design features

• Two rings @ 4 and 7 GeV with ultra low emittances similar to ILC Damping Rings

• Interaction Region with very strong focusing similar to Linear Colliders Final Focus

• No beamstrahlung = possible beam recirculation in collider

• L ~ 1036 @ (4s)• Possible option to run at tau-ch

arm region with L ~ 1035

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 43

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 44

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 45

Super B-factories by ~201x

• Possible open options for e+e- factories L ~ O(1035 -1036 ) @ (4s) with possible extension to run at (5s) , tau-charm

KEK “Standard” Frascati “Crab Waist”

• LHCb upgrade to Super LHCb

pp collisions at 14 TeV L ~ 2x1033

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 46

Super B-factory

Taken from M. Yamauchi

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 47

Ecm (GeV)1 3 5 7 9

L(cm-2 s-1 )

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

Under Construction Under Consideration

Future flavor programs at e+e- colliders

VEPP-2000

BEPCII

Super Charm Factory

Super B Factory

DA

PN

E-2

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 48

Summary and perspectives

• Future flavor programs at colliders, together with fixed target experiments, will provide further precise measurements on CKM matrix elements, (very) rare decay rates which are sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model.

• Theory – Experiment interplay is essential to maximize the potential of these (expensive) programs.

• Complementary to experiments at high energy frontier, flavor physics will help us to explore features of the new physics, hopefully in near future.

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 49

Backup Slides

August 17, 2007 Y.Gao / LP07 50