fx regulations stupefy latam corp rmb adoption _ globalcapital

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07 Mar 2013 COPYING AND DISTRIBUTING ARE PROHIBITED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE PUBLISHER. FX regulations stupefy Latam corp RMB adoption Latin American corporates are keen to include the renminbi into their basket of currencies, but several regulatory hurdles domestically continue to hinder this development, say experts. Regulatory and capital controls that exist in Latin America (Latam) are impacting the adoption of the renminbi – another partiallycontrolled currency – by corporates in the region. Gala Embalagens, Brazil’s leading toy retailer, embarked on the country’s first renminbi denominated import transaction last month after company owner Fabricio Pereira de Souza visited China for talks with his manufacturing partner, Delta Superior, according to HSBC in a press release on February 28. Under the terms of the transaction, Gala Embalagens imported Rmb732,000 (US$117,759) worth of toys from China paying for them in the Chinese currency rather than converting its payment to US dollars as the company was able to reap several benefits from this transaction. “The benefit to the overseas buyer is that you would be able to take away the foreign exchange margin component, thereby increasing the opportunity for the buyer to get a discount as the buyer is dealing in the supplier’s currency,” said Bruce Alter, head of trade for China to Asiamoney PLUS in a telephone interview on March 6. As a result, another larger transaction is being planned in the near future between both parties, adds HSBC. As global growth shifts from developed to emerging markets, Brazilian companies are set to benefit from a rapid rise in SouthSouth trade flows between Latam, Africa and Asia Pacific, especially as the Chinese government continues deregulate its currency and as companies become more familiar with the currency, highlight market participants. Bilateral trade increased about 30% annually since 2001 to reach US$241.5 billion in 2011, while Chinese investment in Latin America totaled US$10.1 billion in 2011, 16.8% of China's outbound investment last year, according to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (Safe). “The significant SinoLatin American trading activity is the primary driver in renminbi adoption,” said Brenda Torres, Miamibased Latin America trade services product manager for Citi to Asiamoney PLUS in an email reply to questions on March 6. “We have spoken with

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Page 1: FX regulations stupefy Latam corp RMB adoption _ GlobalCapital

07 Mar 2013

COPYING AND DISTRIBUTING ARE PROHIBITED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THEPUBLISHER.

FX regulations stupefy Latam corp RMB adoptionLatin American corporates are keen to include the renminbi into their basket ofcurrencies, but several regulatory hurdles domestically continue to hinder thisdevelopment, say experts.

Regulatory and capital controls that exist in Latin America (Latam) are impacting theadoption of the renminbi – another partially­controlled currency – by corporates in the region.

Gala Embalagens, Brazil’s leading toy retailer, embarked on the country’s first renminbi­denominated import transaction last month after company owner Fabricio Pereira de Souzavisited China for talks with his manufacturing partner, Delta Superior, according to HSBC in apress release on February 28.

Under the terms of the transaction, Gala Embalagens imported Rmb732,000 (US$117,759)worth of toys from China paying for them in the Chinese currency rather than converting itspayment to US dollars as the company was able to reap several benefits from thistransaction.

“The benefit to the overseas buyer is that you would be able to take away the foreignexchange margin component, thereby increasing the opportunity for the buyer to get adiscount as the buyer is dealing in the supplier’s currency,” said Bruce Alter, head of tradefor China to Asiamoney PLUS in a telephone interview on March 6. 

As a result, another larger transaction is being planned in the near future between bothparties, adds HSBC.

As global growth shifts from developed to emerging markets, Brazilian companies are set tobenefit from a rapid rise in South­South trade flows between Latam, Africa and Asia Pacific,especially as the Chinese government continues deregulate its currency and as companiesbecome more familiar with the currency, highlight market participants.

Bilateral trade increased about 30% annually since 2001 to reach US$241.5 billion in 2011,while Chinese investment in Latin America totaled US$10.1 billion in 2011, 16.8% of China'soutbound investment last year, according to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(Safe).

“The significant Sino­Latin American trading activity is the primary driver in renminbiadoption,” said Brenda Torres, Miami­based Latin America trade services product managerfor Citi to Asiamoney PLUS in an email reply to questions on March 6. “We have spoken with

Page 2: FX regulations stupefy Latam corp RMB adoption _ GlobalCapital

several corporate clients across Latin America, who are interested in adopting the renminbiin their trading activity with Chinese counterparties by using the renminbi denominated letterof credit.”

The letter of credit (LC) is the most utilised trade settlement instrument in Sino­Latam trade,note transaction bankers. The instrument allows companies in Latam to issue, receive andsettle renminbi denominated LCs with their Chinese trading partners, while mitigating riskassociated with international trade.

Latam take­up slow

Despite the positive outlook on the adoption of the renminbi by global corporates, the take­up by Latam companies will still continue to lag behind other regions.

In January, Asia accounted for Rmb235 billion of renminbi­denominated trade paymentvolumes, Europe and North America accounted for Rmb83 billion and Rmb7 billionrespectively while Latam only recorded Rmb1 billion, according to data from Swift.

A flurry of recent currency interventions along with existing regulatory controls placed oncertain currencies in the Latam region are the main reasons why the adoption of anothernon­convertible currency like the renminbi by corporates would be a little difficult, sayexperts.

For example, the Brazilian finance minister Guido Mantega said earlier this year that hiscountry was preparing additional measures to prevent a further climb in the value of theBrazilian real in addition to the already­existing capital controls introduced during 2010­2011.Argentina, on the other hand, has a managed local currency whose exchange rate is set bythe central bank.

“We are beginning to see initial take­up but it is still very early days for Latam,” said MichaelVrontamitis, head of product management east for transaction banking at StandardChartered to Asiamoney PLUS. “One reason is that the local currencies are very regulated.It’s not as easy to manage as a fully convertible currency like the Hong Kong or Singaporedollar dealing out of Hong Kong, Singapore, London or New York.”

“It’s much easier to use US dollars in these locations. I think it’s taking a while for people tofigure out how to use the renminbi, given the number of restrictions existing in the marketplace,” he added.

Additionally, unlike Hong Kong or Singapore that has closer proximity with the Mainland,Latam on the other hand has a closer relationship with North America, with the regioncontinuing to be heavily influenced by the US economy and currency.

“At present, it is still difficult for the renminbi to grab a market share from US dollar in thisregion since the internationalisation of [the currency] is still in its fledgling stage,” said HongKong­based Alicia García­Herrero, chief economist for emerging markets at BBVAResearch. “Second, a large portion of bilateral trade between China and Latin Americancountries is commodities, which, by international standards, are denominated in US dollar.This, to some degree, has inhibited the use of renminbi in the trade payment.”

While setting up a renminbi clearing back in the US time zone would certainly encouragemore trade flows denominated in the Chinese currency in the region, other complementarymeasures should also be adopted to increase businesses acceptance of the currency.

Page 3: FX regulations stupefy Latam corp RMB adoption _ GlobalCapital

07 Mar 2013

“China’s government can facilitate this process. In addition to expanding the investment useof renminbi by further liberalising the capital account, China authorities can set up specificprogrammes to encourage the renminbi financing in Latin America countries, such asrenminbi trade finance and direct investment programmes,” added García­Herrero.

Additionally, any support from the governments in Latam in terms of making it easier to lendand invest the Chinese currency would definitely benefit renminbi­denominated trade flows,add analysts.

China fully opened the renminbi for cross­border trade settlement in June 2012. HSBCGlobal Research estimates that approximately US$2 trillion, or half of China’s trade withemerging markets will be settled in renminbi in the next three to five years, making thecurrency one of the world’s top three currencies at that time.