g & d ch. 10
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Socioemotional Development in AdolescenceTRANSCRIPT
- 1. CHAPTER 10 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
- 2. Social & Personality Development
- Self-Concept
- Identity is the important issue
- Able to distinguish between ones self and others & take others views into account
- Self-Esteem
- Knowing ones self & liking ones self are two different things
- Liking ones self is self-esteem
- Liking ones self involves seeing ones self with all your faults and accepting it
- 3. Identity Formation
- Identity v. Identity Confusion
- Stage where adolescents seek to find what makes them unique & distinct
- They adopt different roles
- Confusion comes by failing to organize around a central, unified core identity
- A good, stable sense of identity is the foundation for future development & choices, esp. marriage
- Social Pressures
- Career or occupation
- The future us now up to them
- Reliance on friends & peers for information
- Psychological Moratorium
- Period when adolescents take time off from coming adult responsibilities to explore different roles & possibilities
- 4. Marcias Identity Development
- Identity Achievement
- Gone through a period of crisis & developed relatively firm commitments
- Identity Foreclosure
- Never gone through an identity crisis but has become committed to certain goals
- Identity Moratorium
- Currently going through an identity crisis
- Identity Confusion
- Never had a crisis, is not in one now, & has not formed or established goals
- 5. Identity, Race, & Ethnicity
- Cultural Assimilation Model
- Individual cultural identities should be assimilated into a unified culture
- Pluralistic Society Model
- Society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual features
- Bicultural Identity
- Draw on the cultural identity while integrating into the dominant culture
- Identity Formation & Racial & Ethnic Groups
- Identity formation is more difficult with racial & ethnic groups
- There are contradictory social values
- A society should be color-blind but opportunities differ for races & ethnic groups
- 6. Relationships
- Changing Family Relationships
- Seeking autonomy: control over ones life
- Parents become frustrated over the increasing autonomy
- Autonomy slowly grows during adolescence
- Changes the relationship with the parents
- The degree of autonomy varies with the number of children & the culture
- 7. Family Changes
- Generation Gap
- The divide between parents & children in attitudes, values, aspirations, & worldview
- The actual gap is very narrow
- On social, political, & religious issues parents & adolescents tend to agree
- Most adolescents & their parents get along quite well
- Theres a deep love, affection, & respect for parents
- Most relationships are more positive than negative
- 8. Relations with Peers
- Social Comparison
- Comparing & evaluating opinions, abilities, & physical changes of others
- Reference Group
- Groups of people with whom you compare yourself
- Clique
- Group of from 2 12 whose members have frequent social interactions
- Crowd
- Larger than a clique made up of those who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with each other
- 9. Popularity
- Controversial Adolescents
- Those liked by some peers & disliked by others
- Rejected Adolescents
- Those actively disliked & whose peers may react to them in an obviously negative manner
- Neglected Adolescents
- Those receiving relatively little attention from peers in either positive or negative interactions
- 10. Peer Relations
- Peer Pressure
- Influence of ones peers to conform to their behavior & attitudes
- Adolescents are highly susceptible to the influence of peers
- What to wear, who do date, movies to see, what group to belong to
- Conformity to peers due to pressure to conform & seek an identity
- Ultimately, conform less to peers & parents & develop their own autonomy
- 11. Teen Dating
- Liking & Loving
- By 6 th grade liking a special person develops
- By 10 th grade of adolescents have had a romantic relationship that lasted 2 months or longer
- Gays & Lesbians
- Many date the opposite sex
- Sociocultural Contexts & Dating
- Values, religious beliefs, & tradition are strong influences
- 12. Rites of Passage
- Tribal Initiation Rites
- In many native cultures when a boy or girl enters adolescence, they must undergo an initiation into the tribe. At this time, they assume the responsibilities of an adult.
- What remnants of adolescent initiation rites do we have in our modern society?
- 13. Delinquency
- Undersocialized Delinquents
- Adolescents raised with little discipline or with harsh, uncaring parental supervision
- Not socialized appropriately & not taught standards of conduct to regulate behavior
- Socialized Delinquents
- Adolescents who know & subscribe to the norms of society & who are fairly normal psychologically
- Adhere to social norms
- Behavior Patterns
- 16% of all arrests for serious crimes involve a person under 18 years
- Undersocialized delinquents most likely to be diagnosed with attention-deficit disorder as a child & seen as less intelligent
- May also have psychological disorders
- Socialized delinquents are fairly normal psychologically
- Most engage in petty crimes & stop at adulthood
- Very influenced by peers & crimes occur in groups
- 14. Depression
- Who is Depressed?
- 25% report feeling sad or hopeless for 2 or more weeks in a row so they stop doing normal activities
- Girls experience depression more often than boys
- Girls coping skills different than boys
- Girls are more apt to turn inward, boys turning outward
- African Americans have higher rates of depression than Whites
- Not supported by studies
- Changes in the environment & social factors related to much depression
- 15. Leading Causes of Death: 15 to 24 Year Olds
- Top 5
- 1. Accidents
- 2. AIDS
- 3. Cancer
- 4. Heart Disease
- 5. Suicide
- 16. Suicide
- Why?
- 3 rd major cause of death among 15 24 age group
- 12.2 suicides per 100,000 adolescents
- Girls attempt; boys complete
- Increase in suicides in the last 30 years
- Causes: Depression is a major cause (social & family problems, perfectionism, anxiety over the future, & alcohol & drug abuse
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