g ge power management ur - the universal relay. ur features family of relays built on a common...

gGE Power Management

UR - The Universal Relay

URUR Features Features

• FAMILY of relays built on a common platform– Common “look & feel” for ease of use product to product– All “bells & whistles”, present and future, available to whole

family– Reduced training time and drafting costs

• MODULAR architecture– Scaleable - accommodates a scaleable I/O architecture– Flexible - accommodates different types of I/O– Upgradeable - accommodates upgrading to new

technologies

• FAMILY of relays built on a common platform– Common “look & feel” for ease of use product to product– All “bells & whistles”, present and future, available to whole

family– Reduced training time and drafting costs

• MODULAR architecture– Scaleable - accommodates a scaleable I/O architecture– Flexible - accommodates different types of I/O– Upgradeable - accommodates upgrading to new

technologies

g GE Power Management

URUR Features Features

• COMMUNICATIONS– High-speed networking capability (Ethernet - fiber,

redundancy)– Multiple Protocols - UCA 2.0, DNP 3.0, Modbus, IEC-870-101

• SUBSTATION Automation - System Solution– PMCS + UR with UCA 2.0 MMS/Ethernet

• COMMUNICATIONS– High-speed networking capability (Ethernet - fiber,

redundancy)– Multiple Protocols - UCA 2.0, DNP 3.0, Modbus, IEC-870-101

• SUBSTATION Automation - System Solution– PMCS + UR with UCA 2.0 MMS/Ethernet


Software IssuesSoftware Issues

• Software accounts for 90% of digital relay design• Most support functions are required in all types of relays• Market needs are driving shorter development cycles

• Software accounts for 90% of digital relay design• Most support functions are required in all types of relays• Market needs are driving shorter development cycles


Solution: Modular SoftwareSolution: Modular Software

Modular SoftwareModular Software

‘Object Oriented Design’ allows for scalable, flexible and re-useable software and features

Protection Class•TOC•IOC•Distance•Differential•Frequency•Volts/Hz•etc

Obj

ects


Hardware IssuesHardware Issues

• Microprocessor / Integrated Circuit Functionality is increasing exponentially

• Components can become obsolete in 1 to 2 years• Utility expect a 20+ year life

• Microprocessor / Integrated Circuit Functionality is increasing exponentially

• Components can become obsolete in 1 to 2 years• Utility expect a 20+ year life


Solution: Modular Hardware DesignSolution: Modular Hardware Design

Modular Hardware Modular Hardware DesignDesign

Concept


Physical Realization

Common PlatformCommon Platform

• Common hardware modules• Common software modules• Capability to run a wide

variety of applications• Result: Universal Relay (UR)

Application Software

TransformerApplication

Line Application

Generator Application

FeederApplication

Control (PLC)Application


HardwareHardware

• Flash memory• Draw-out modules for

serviceability• Expandable I/O• Field upgradable

• Flash memory• Draw-out modules for

serviceability• Expandable I/O• Field upgradable


Hardware Hardware


• 4RU, 19 inch rack-mount chassis• Hinged faceplate allows easy access to modules• Faceplate can be mounted separately on doors

for applications limited in depth• Extension cable connects faceplate to main unit

Configurable I/O via sub-modules

Sub-Modules

Hardware - Modular I/OHardware - Modular I/O


Modular design allows all modules to be easily inserted or removed for upgrading or repair. Field wiring is left undisturbed

Draw-Out ModulesDraw-Out Modules


Hardware - InterfacesHardware - Interfaces

CONTACT INPUTS (expandable)Configurable inputs may be used

for:– Breaker status– Oscillography trigger– Control inputs

CONTACT INPUTS (expandable)Configurable inputs may be used

for:– Breaker status– Oscillography trigger– Control inputs


CONTACT OUTPUTS (expandable)

Fully programmable– Trip rated Form-A relays– Form-C relays– Fast Form-C relays

CONTACT OUTPUTS (expandable)

Fully programmable– Trip rated Form-A relays– Form-C relays– Fast Form-C relays

User InterfacesUser Interfaces

PROGRAM UPDATING– Flash memory

storage of firmware for field updating via communications port. Enables product updating on-site for latest features

PROGRAM UPDATING– Flash memory

storage of firmware for field updating via communications port. Enables product updating on-site for latest features


COMMUNICATIONS – Modbus RTU on

RS485 @ 115 kbps– MMS/UCA 2.0 on

Redundant 10BaseF

COMMUNICATIONS – Modbus RTU on

RS485 @ 115 kbps– MMS/UCA 2.0 on

Redundant 10BaseF

POWERFUL PROCESSORS Numerical data

processing using a 32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed complex task processing

POWERFUL PROCESSORS Numerical data

processing using a 32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed complex task processing

FlexLogic minimizes the requirement for auxiliary components and wiring while making more complex schemes possible.

FlexLogicFlexLogic

URPC


Virtual Inputs / Outputs extend the I/O capability of the relay to LAN communications.

Virtual Inputs / OutputsVirtual Inputs / Outputs


• Networkable• Peer to peer

communications• Self-defining data• External data

access via corporate WAN

Peer to Peer CommunicationsPeer to Peer Communications


MeteringMetering• Current (Phase, Neutral and Ground) -

Accuracy: 0.25% of reading or 0.1% of rating from 0.1 to 2.0 x CT rating (whichever is greater)

• Voltage (Vab Vbc Vca Van Vbn Vcn) -Accuracy: 0.25% of reading from 10 to 208 V

• Apparent Power (VA) - Accuracy: 1.0% of reading

• Real Power (Watts) - Accuracy: 1% of reading

• Reactive (Vars) - Accuracy: 1%

• Power Factor - Accuracy: 0.02

• Current (Phase, Neutral and Ground) -Accuracy: 0.25% of reading or 0.1% of rating from 0.1

to 2.0 x CT rating (whichever is greater)

• Voltage (Vab Vbc Vca Van Vbn Vcn) -Accuracy: 0.25% of reading from 10 to 208 V

• Apparent Power (VA) - Accuracy: 1.0% of reading

• Real Power (Watts) - Accuracy: 1% of reading

• Reactive (Vars) - Accuracy: 1%

• Power Factor - Accuracy: 0.02


MonitoringMonitoring

• Oscillography – 64 samples / power frequency cycle– Adjustable Memory (1 record / 128 cycles to 31 records / 8 cycles)– 6 Analog, 15 digital channels can be displayed– Selectable triggers– Adjustable trigger position

• Event Recorder – 1024 events, events are date and time stamped to nearest millisecond– Selection of points to monitor (pickup, operation, logic, I/O)


ConnectivityConnectivity

• Communications– Protocols– Peer to Peer Communications

• URPC™• Integration


CommunicationsCommunications

PROTOCOLS• Modbus RTU protocol

– Standard Front Port: RS232– Rear Port: RS485 up to 115kbps

• UCA2protocol– Application: MMS– Physical: 10BaseT (Ethernet) or 10BaseF (Fiber Optic) – Transport layer ISO-OSI and TCP/IP

PROTOCOLS• Modbus RTU protocol

– Standard Front Port: RS232– Rear Port: RS485 up to 115kbps

• UCA2protocol– Application: MMS– Physical: 10BaseT (Ethernet) or 10BaseF (Fiber Optic) – Transport layer ISO-OSI and TCP/IP


URPC Program FeaturesURPC Program Features

• View actual values• View/edit setting on-line• View Event Recorder for

troubleshooting• Upgrade relay firmware

programming

• View relay Status• View/edit setting off-line with

setting file manager • On-line instruction manual• Download & view

oscillography in Comtrade format

Windows 95/ NT Based SoftwareWindows 95/ NT Based Software


The three main types of data - Snapshot data, Oscillographic data, and Settings data - can be accessed from this screen, the Event

recorder.

Snapshot Data

Oscillographic Data

Settings Change Data

Event Recorder Capture Event Recorder Capture ScreenScreen


Snapshot DataSnapshot Data


Oscillographic DataOscillographic Data


Settings Change DataSettings Change Data


UR Relay TypesUR Relay Types


• F30 Feeder Management Relay (9/98)• L90 Line Current Differential (11/98)• C30 Controller/Metering (2/99)• C60 Controller/Metering/Breaker Failure (4/99)• F60 Feeder Management Relay (4/99)• T60 Transformer Management relay (4/99)• D60 Line Distance Relay (5/99)• L60 Line Current Phase Comparison Relay (6/99)

Staged release of enhancements to platform and individual relay models

Substation AutomationSubstation Automation


The UR Relay is the Engine for Substation Automation


UR - The Universal Relay


UR L90 Line Differential Relay

An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines

g GE Power Management L90 Line Differential Relay

The second Relay designed from the ground up around the MMS/UCA 2TM Ethernet communications standard. Giving you the flexibility, connectivity and power to manage your facility.

Connectivity ModBus RTU MMS/UCA2TM Protocols SI Compatibility

Flexibility FlexCurves FlexLogic FlexModules Other Features

Power to Protect Your Power to Protect Your LinesLines


Presentation Presentation OverviewOverview

Applications Protection and Control New & Unique Concepts User Interfaces Order Codes

L90 Line Differential Relay

ApplicationsApplications

The L90 is a digital current differential relay system intended to provide complete protection for transmission lines of any voltage level.

Overhead Lines and CablesLines with 2 TerminalsEHV, HV, Sub-TransmissionWith/ without Series Compensation


Transmission LineTransmission Line Protection & Metering Protection & Metering


Protection & Control FunctionsProtection & Control Functions

Current Differential with Adaptive RestraintHigh Speed Tripping, 1/2 - 2 cyclesBackup OvercurrentDirect Transfer TripStub Bus Protection


Current Differential Current Differential SchemeScheme

Similar to a Percentage Restraint SchemeAdaptive Statistical RestraintAdaptive Based on Relay MeasurementsMore Accurate and Sensitive Fault SensingDetects High Impedance Single Line to Ground Faults that Existing Systems may not Detect


New & Unique ConceptsNew & Unique Concepts

Data Consolidation Restraint Characteristic Sampling Synchronization


Three key technical considerations in designing a new current differential relay:

Data ConsolidationData Consolidation

Balance between transient response and bandwidth Phase consolidation:

– Phase current information is combined– Faulted phase information is lost– L90 does not use phase consolidation

Time consolidation:– Reduces communication bandwidth requirements– Improves security caused by single corrupted data sample – L90 uses time consolidation


Extract appropriate parameters to be transmitted from raw samples of transmission line currents

Phaselets ConceptPhaselets Concept


0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 2246

4

2

0

2

4

65

-5

fy( )n

2240 n12

34

56

78

910 1

1 12 1

3 14 1

5 16

Full Cycle Window= 8 Phaselets

Phaselet( 1/8 cycle)

Disturbance Detector50DD

Disturbance Detector50DD

Phaselets Concept - Phaselets Concept - PrefaultPrefault


+X

-X

+R

1st Pre-Fault Phaselet:

Disturbance Detector resetscalculation window.

Area ofuncertainty

+X

-X

+R+X

-X

+R

-X

+R

+X

Full CyclePre-Fault Phasor(No uncertainty)

Phaselet 1

Phaselet 4

Phaselet 6

Phaselet 8

Phaselets Concept - Phaselets Concept - FaultFault


-X

+R

+X

1st Fault Phaselet:

Disturbance Detector resetscalculation window.

+X

-X

+R +X

-X

+R

-X

+R

+X

Full CycleFault Phasor

(No uncertainty)

Phaselet 9

Phaselet 12

Phaselet 14

Phaselet 16



Phaselet Simulation on ‘Noisy’ Waveform

0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128

0f( )n

n

Sinusoid with random white Gaussian noise.



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

maxmagw

minmagw

w

Decreasing‘area of uncertainty’(or variance error) asphaslet window size increases.

Convergenceof uncertainty areato equivalent of full cycleFourier Transform.

Phaselets improve operating speed while maintaining security.

Phaselet Simulation on ‘Noisy’ Waveform

Restraint CharacteristicRestraint Characteristic


Classic Dual-Slope Restraint Characteristic

ProtectedElement

I1 I2

Iop = | I1 + I2 |

Ioperate = Iop = | I1 + I2 |

Irestraint = Ir = K [ |I1| + |I2|]

Ioperate

Irestraint

K1

K2

Restraint CharacteristicRestraint Characteristic


Classic Dual-slope Characteristic L90 - Adaptive Elliptical Restraint Im

Re

Iop

Dynamic restraint region based on magnitude of the variance error measurement (i.e. the difference between the actual values measured and the estimated data from the Fourier Transform calculation)

When the waveform is distorted due to CT saturation, harmonic content, or fault initiation transients, the restraint region will grow larger.

Static restraint region formed by classic method

Im

Re

IopIr

L90 combines the classic method with adaptive elliptical restraint to improve both security and

dependability.

Sampling Sampling SynchronizationSynchronization


• Clocks are synchronized to each other (no master clock)• Phases are synchronized to each other

– Primary source is current measurements– Secondary source is time tagged messages (ping-pong)– Timing error is driven to zero– Phase angle deviations are minimized (<0.6 degree)

• Clocks are synchronized to the power system frequency

– Eliminates one source of error in phasor measurements• Loop filter adjusts clock frequency

– Uses frequency and phase angle deviation

L90 uses distributed clock synchronization



Current differential requires both relays to be in time synchronization for differential calculations. Tx

Rx

Rx

Tx

L90 #1

L90 #2

CommunicationsChannel

t0

t3

t2

t1

tf

tr

tf = forward travel time

tr = return travel time

tf = tr = t3 - t0 - (t2 - t1) 2

“Ping-Pong” Synchronization

Technique:

Traditional “Ping-Pong” synchronization technique assumes forward time delay (tf) is equal to the return travel time (tr). This is NOT the case for communications equipment found in the utility/industrial environment.



• Minimizes variance on channel delays and jitter by averaging• “Ping-Pong” calculations• Implements a DPLL (digital phase-locked-loop) allowing the Ping-Pong algorithm to stabilize to new path delays.• Calculates phase error at each end due to channel delays and compensates clocks at both ends

L90 Improvements on “Ping-Pong” Synchronization scheme:

FlexibilityFlexibility

Relay Channels FlexCurvesTM

FlexLogicTM

FlexModulesTM

Metering and Monitoring


Relay ChannelsRelay Channels


• 820 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED)• 1300 nm Multi-mode Fiber (LED)• 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (ELED)• 1300 nm Single-mode Fiber (Laser)• G.703 (April 99)• RS422 (April 99)

Two Terminal Communication Channels

Three Terminal Available in April ‘99

Typical application of FlexCurves:

When the protection curves used for lateral taps 2 and 3 differ; custom FlexCurves can be constructed to coordinate with both.

FlexCurvesFlexCurves


MonitoringMonitoring

Fault Location IRIG-B Time Synchronization CT Failure/Current Unbalance Trip Circuit Monitors Channel Monitor Test Features

– Local loopback for channel– Manual test mode– Playback of oscillography files


PROTECTIVE COVER Protects keypad when not in use Can be fitted with a seal

RESET KEY Clears event, EVENT CAUSE LED indicators, and latched alarms



STATUS INDICATORSIN SERVICE: The relay is operating normallyTROUBLE: Self-test detected a problemTEST MODE: The relay is in test modeTRIP: A trip command had been issuedALARM: An alarm condition is presentPICKUP: Pickup condition detected

RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography



EVENT CAUSE LED INDICATORSVOLTAGE: Event caused by voltageCURRENT: Event caused by currentFREQUENCY: Not applicableOTHER: Not applicablePHASE A Indicates whichPHASE B phase wasPHASE C involved

NEUTRAL/GROUND

RS232 SERIAL PORT Connect to a PC to run URPC Use for downloading settings, monitoring data, sequence of events reports, Oscillography



DISPLAY 40 character vacuum fluorescent display Visible in dim lighting or at any angle Used for programming, monitoring, status, fault diagnosis, user programmable messages and settings

KEYPAD Numerical keypad and command keys allow full access to the relay Rubber keypad is dust tight and splash-proof with door Website address via HELP for technical support

GE POWER MANAGEMENT

RELAY

MENU

HELP

ESCAPE

ENTER

MESSAGE

VALUE



CONTACT INPUTS (Expandable)Configurable inputs may be used for: Breaker status Oscillography trigger Control inputs

CONTACT OUTPUTS (Expandable) Trip rated Form-A relays Form-C relays that may be programmed for auxiliary functions



COMMUNICATIONS ModBus® RTU on RS485 @ 115 kbps MMS/UCA 2.0 on Redundant 10BaseF

POWERFUL PROCESSORSNumerical data processing using a 32 bit CPU and DSP for high speed complex task processing

PROGRAM UPDATINGFlash memory storage of firmware for fieldupdating via communications port. Enablesproduct updating on-site for latest features.



Order CodeOrder CodeL90 - * 00 - H C * - F ** - H * * - L * *- N* *- S**- U**- W**


Base Unit L90 Base UnitCPU A RS485 + RS485

C RS485 + 10BaseF D RS485 + Redundant 10BaseF

Software Options 00 No software optionsMounting H HorizontalFaceplate C Faceplate with keypad and displayPower Supply L 24/48 V (Low); 19-60 VDC, 19-81 VAC

H 125/250 V (High); 88-300 VDC, 70-265 VACCT/VT 8A Standard 4CT/4VTDigital I/O XX No module 6G 4 Form-A, 8 inputs

6I 4 SCR outputs, 16 inputsDigital I/O 6A 6A 6A 6A 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 8 inputs

6B 6B 6B 6B 2 Form-A, 2 Form-C, 4 inputs 6C 6C 6C 6C 8 Form-C outputs

6D 6D 6D 6D 16 Inputs 6E 6E 6E 6E 4 Form-C, 8 inputs 6F 6F 6F 6F 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6G 6G 6G 6G 8 Fast Form-C outputs 6H 6H 6H 6H 4 Form-A, 8 inputs 6I 6I 6I 6I 6 Form-A, 4 inputs 6J 6J 6J 6J 4 SS SCR outputs, 8 inputs 6K 6K 6K 6K 4 Form-C, 4 Fast Form-C

Inter-Relay Communications 7A 820 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 7B 1300 nm, multi-mode, LED, 2 Terminal 7C 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Terminal 7D 1300 nm, single-mode, LASER, 2

Terminal 7R G.703 2 Terminal 7T RS422 2 Terminal


UR L90 Line Differential Relay

An integrated transmission line protection system for series compensated lines

g ge power management ur - the universal relay. ur features family of relays built on a common...

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g ge power management

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modular software slide

modular hardware design

universal relay slide

modules faceplate

ur features family of

reuseable software