g1 university of malaya - schneider university challnge 2011

7/31/2019 G1 University of Malaya - Schneider University Challnge 2011

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Energy Efficiency Solution Proposal

Go Green in Malaysia

University Challenge 2011

BAS in Commercial Building

Team Name: G1

Team members:MUHAMAD ASRUL MOHD SALIM

TAN CHUN KEATKOK CHEN LIONG

University: University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur

Organized by Schneider Electric Industries (M) Sdn. Bhd.

Collaboration with

University of Malaya


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No Content Page

1 1. Introduction 1

2 2. Concept

2.1 BAS

2.2 Lighting System

2.3 HVAC System

2.4 Building descriptions

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4

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3 3. Energy management solution

3.1 HVAC energy solution

3.2 Lighting system energy solution

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4 4. Building Automation System 15


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1. Introduction

In the 21st century cutting edge of technology, human population keeps on increasing.

As you can see, take for instances, human population in Malaysia has increased almost

by threefold, from 8.14 million of people in 1960 to 27.468 million people in 2009.The

increment is massive within 50 years. However the change in energy consumption is

not linear with the change in population density. One may not be so aware of carbon

emission in the late 60s.We might be thinking that the world is too big to be polluted.

No one ever cares about our second home .Pollution is everywhere until the issue of

global warming is raised up when the temperature of earth poles started to rise followed

by sea level. Not just that, the demand of oil and gas, which are the main source of

electricity production, keep on increasing .There is a need to keep up with the energy

usage but at the same time the carbon emission has to be reduced. So, we have

decided to improve the energy usage in commercial office building since it contributes

about 43% of total power usage .How are we going to achieve that? It is simple, by

changing the typical way of energy usage in commercial offices. We are about to

improve the lighting and air-conditioning system in one entire building by BAS system.

1. Concept

2.1 What is BAS ?

Building automation functions as a unit to control to the system of a building. It is

something like intelligent network of electronic devices that work together to ensure the

electricity usage in the building is in optimized state. This includes the control of the

lighting system, HVAC and etc. An automated building requires less maintenance fees

than a non-automated one.


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Figure 1 BAS Schematic Diagram

From Figure 1, it is obvious that all appliances controlled in one system called BAS.

Integrated the advance technology of Schneider makes BAS more energy efficient. We

are focusing on two highest energy consumption system in commercial buildings, which

are lighting system and Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) system.

Before we get deeper into these systems, let us see the fundamentals of lighting system:

1.2 Lighting System in Commercial Building

One must be wondering why the lighting system of a particular building is so

intelligent , as seemed to be under observance ? One big NO and one big YES, for

those who are curious about this. Actually, the lighting system is controlled by the

automated system in such a way that the particular sensor senses either the presence

of people or the movement of the people and it will automatically switch on the light for

your convenience. Thus, it is an automated system under the observance of computer

but not human. The company will save operating cost and yet within short payback

period. In addition, some sensors are capable to dim off the brightness of the lighting

system if properly installed with correct sensor position. Now we proceed to basic

HVAC system which is:


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2.3 HVAC system

In HVAC system there is one function called programmable time switch for HVAC and

motor. It is programmable in such a way that the air-conditioner is being switched on or

off for a certain period of time. Take for instance, if the office hour is from 8am to 5pm, it

can be programmed in such a way that air-conditioner will be start functioning around

7.30am and switch off around 4pm .The temperature of the office will not rise drastically

as it takes time . Programmable thermostat is a must in HVAC. By using a

programmable thermostat you can automatically adjust the air-conditioner when its

least needed, especially at night when we are sleeping or during daytime when no one

is at home. One has to be certain that it is the correct type of programmable thermostat

for his heating or cooling system. Some heat pumps and air conditioning systems

require specialized programmable thermostats.

Figure 2 Commercial Building Description

2.4

Take an example of a commercial building of 3-floor building (Figure 2). The estimatedelectrical consumption for each floor is:


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Table 1 Power Usage per Floor

Table 1 illustrates power usage for every floor in a commercial building .This is exactly

the typical building that is under our concern. By using Schneider products the energy

consumption can be reduced..

2. Energy management Solution

When we talk about energy efficiency, the first thing that pops up is environment,

followed by.

3.1 HVAC energy solution

We believed that every commercial building now is installed with either single air

conditioning system or centralized air conditioning. HVAC can achieve up to 40%

of reduction in energy consumption. BAS is a single system that can control

overall energy consumption in a building.

LocationTotal

NumberAvg. Watts Length of Operation

Main Floor100 unit

(Light, HAVCetc.)

60-100 12 hours

Main Floor 80 unit 50-100 9 hours

Second Floor 80 unit 50-100 9 hours

Third Floor 80 unit 40-100 9 hours


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IDEA 1

Problem statement

It is a common sense that engine of a car will idle when comes to a halt at T-

junction. Idling consumes energy as well. Is there any other method to bring the

engine to a non-activated mode during stop time and start when it is needed?

This is exactly the same when comes to air-conditioning system.

Explanation

In HVAC system the fan speed is adjusted accordingly to air temperature. The

cooler the surrounding air, the slower the running speed of the fan. This is aided

by a sensor. By integrating this method up to 50% of energy reduction is possible.

Component needed

Altivar 12 (Schneider Product) Temperature detector (QRBIZ.com)

Simple machine from 0.18 4kW (240V) Wireless heat temperature Detector

Navigate using cable or Bluetooth from hand

phone

Variable speed drives for small machines with

three-phase 240 V asynchronous motor

Source:

http://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.html

http://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdf
http://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.htmlhttp://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.htmlhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.schneider-electric.com.my/documents/events/uni11_altivar212.pdfhttp://www.qrbiz.com/product/967721/Wireless-heat-temperature-Detector.html


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Overall structure

Structure 1

Temperature detector detects air temperature in a certain space .A signal is then

transmitted to ATV12 based on the temperature reading. The will fan speed will then be

adjusted accordingly.

Cost and material consideration

Figure 3 Material distribution for ATV12

ATV12 is designed in conformity with the requirements of the RoHS directive

(European Directive 2002/95/EC of 27 January 2003) and do not contain, or in the

authorized proportions, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, flame retardant


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(polybromobiphenyles PBB, polybromodiphenylthers PBDE) as mentioned in the

Directive.

Energy Effectiveness

Cost savings (ATV12)

Limitation of operating time at low

speed.

Sleep/Wake up function.

Pressure surge suppression for

prolonging the life of the installation

- At 80% flow rate, the energy

consumption drops 50%.

- Using the Altivar 212, energy

consumption is reduced on

average by 30% when using the

control mode dedicated to pumps

and fans.

Return of Investment and Payback Period

Table 2 Return of Investment and Payback Period

Initial investment RM4000

Annual saving RM4000

Pay back(in years) 1 year (maximum payback)

Rate of return 60%

- Minimum within 18 to 24 months


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IDEA 2

The similar idea but with different Schneider product.

Structure 2

Temperature detector will detect air temperature around the specific space and will

transmit signals to TeSya U where the motor is integrated to a temperature detector.

The TeSya U reads the data transmitted by the temperature detector and directs the

tools( Fan, pump) to operate in a proper manner.

Energy reduction

- Reduces electrical consumption by 20% for variable loads

- Saves up to 20% space due to TeSys U compact unit size

- Rate of Investment in 2years

TeSys U Starter controllers up to

15kWcapable of integrating motor control

temperature detector


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3.2 Lighting system energy solution

- From our observation and experience we found that lighting control is one of the

easiest ways to save energy, up to 50%.

Problem Statement

In a commercial building light plays an important role .Thus it is imperative to cut down

the energy used in this system as this is the easiest and achievable method.

Explanation

The presence of light detects the movement of object and the lighting will be either

switched on and off or dimmed. During rainy day, the light intensity in certain room is

insufficient .Light detector plays its role by adjusting the intensity of the light to a

sufficient level.

Component needed for lighting system

KNX Push Button

Can assigned different function such

switch, dim, control or retrieve.

Able to control using a IR remote control.

KNX Control unit

Able to control heating, Air conditioning

and Ventilation system.


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Universal Dimming Actuator

The universal dimmers for series

installation with their energy-saving

technology, adapt automatically to every

load type and are an ideal solution.

KNX Switch Actuator

The switch actuator are available from 6A

to16A with electrical or mechanic manual

mode. Furthermore, selected actuator

have current detection, which detects the

load current of each channel an operating

hour counter, a switch on counter and an

integrated power meter.

KNX Power Supply

Provides a stabilized safety extra-low

voltage. The max cable length between

the power supply and the furthest bus

device is 350 m. The bus devices on the

connected line can be reset via a slide

switch on the power supply

Transformer

Optimum range 25 VA to 2500 VA - Singlewinding

Fixing on panel (screw) or on omega rail

Operating temperature: +50C


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KNX Presence Detector ARGUS

Switching, dimming and blind functions

can for instance be triggered easily and

conveniently using the three different

movement detector outputs

Light control makes the most of the

possibilities and ensures a high degree of

comfort with reduced energy costs for the

system.

Zelio Logic

Remote monitoring and control of installation

using modern interface.

IC Twilight Switch 2000

Twilight switches automatically control lighting,

roller blinds according to light intensity and/or

the time of the day. They measure light

intensity using photo cells that can be installed

on a door outside a building (wall-mounted

cell).

Reduction of electrical energy consumption

(lighting only operates when necessary).

Increased user comfort (lighting automatically

starts working as soon as light is no longer

sufficient).

Enhanced safety (by lighting up dark areas,

protection is provided against vandalism)

Touch Panel

Modern display and control unit impresses

with its convenient operation and wide

range of possible application

Light, heating, roller shutters can be

controlled from the central point and

connected devices switched on and off

with ease.

What we wanted to improve in lighting system is to fully utilize the ambient light so that

the energy consumption by lighting can be reduced. We are manage to come out with

different lighting scenarios in different areas of our building by using dimming actuator.


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Structure 1

As you can see structure 1 saves up to 35% where the arrangement make full use of

ambient light (sunlight) to minimize the energy usage. The presence detector is to

activate artificial lighting if and only if when ambient light is insufficient. A push button is

there to adjust the brightness level.


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Cost estimation

Structure 1

KNX ARGUS presence

detector

2 units RM1600 per unit RM3200

KNX push-button 2 units RM 600 per unit RM1200

KNX Power Supply 1 unit RM600 per unit RM600

KNX Universal Dimming

actuator1 unit RM 1800 per unit RM1800

KNX Control-unit 1 unit RM500 per unit RM500

Transformer 4unit RM 200 per unit RM200

TOTAL RM7500

Price based on

http://www.schneider electric.com.my/sites/malaysia/en/company/event/uni_challenge_productlist.page

Return of Investment and Payback Period

Initial investment RM7500

Annual saving RM3750

Pay back(in years) 2 year (maximum payback)

Rate of return 40%

- Minimum within 24 to 48 months

One literally saves 35% of energy in this scenario. This will save the environment with a

40% rate of return in investment and immediate cash flow within 2 years of payback

period!!

We can also integrate KNX switch actuator. The switch actuator functions in such a way

to switch or dim several output channels simultaneously with a telegram command. This

function is useful when you wish to switch off all lighting systems with just one touch.


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Structure 2

Replacing the current switch with KNX Switch Actuator worth RM2600 can save 20%

of your annual electrical bills.


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3. Building Automation System (BAS)

Where to save? Financial flow.

This retrofit alone would save carbon emissions

Reduction of 50 ton of CO2 per year

Proposed solutions in average value:

36-month payback period after initial investment

Give your company a 36% ROI

Total project costs $300,000

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