Cellular Transport

Ch2.3 p.60-66

Vocabulary

• Passive transport

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active Transport

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

Outline

• Passive Transport– Channel Proteins

– Carrier Proteins

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Endocytosis and Exocytosis

• Cell Size and Transport

Transport

• Materials need to move in and out of a cell

• Pass through cell membrane

• Substance concentration is important

Diffusion

• Concentration = Amount of a substance in a given volume

Diffusion

• Diffusion = Movement from high concentration to low concentration

Passive (Diffusion) Transport

http://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=2FI6J06EvNQRJM&tbnid=eINVOgRBbwdH_M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uic.edu%2Fclasses%2Fbios%2Fbios100%2Flectures%2Fdiffusion.htm&ei=jLIkVJD7HISD8gXMpYL4Bg&psig=AFQjCNEEdeZ2nGnuH06xmRY0kKe3AMqPHA&ust=1411777522479839

Osmosis

• Like diffusion

• Solute (dissolved material) doesn’t move

• Water molecules move

Facilitated Diffusion• Uses transport proteins

• High to low concentration• No energy

Facilitated Diffusion

• Two types of transport proteins– Channel proteins

– Carrier proteins

Check it Out

• http://biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/Cellgames/celldefense.html

Active Transport

• Against concentration gradient– Low concentration to high concentration

• Uses energy (ATP)

Endocytosis

• Takes in substances wrapped in a membrane

• Forms a vesicle

• Large objects (bacteria and viruses)

Exocytosis

• Objects in a cell’s vesicle are released outside the cell– Membrane-bound inside the cell

• Molecules made in cell (proteins)

http://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=dsn5FUbyGqbSiM&tbnid=wh7KIrhgYH7RIM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthatsbasicscience.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fone-sound-one-synapse-live-imaging-of.html&ei=JbUkVPrSAYGi8AXfwYHQBg&psig=AFQjCNHHbcZP71HK92FNQwVawtkIBe_vlg&ust=1411778195622368

Cell Size and Surface Area

• Read p65

• Movement of substances in and out of the cell is important for survival

• Cell membrane size needs to be large compared to the volume– Cell membrane size = surface area– Cell’s volume = space inside the cell

Cell Size and Transport

Cell Size and Transport

Cells and Energy

Ch2.4 p.68-73

Vocabulary

• Cellular respiration

• Glycolysis

• Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

Outline

• Cellular respiration– Reactions in the cytoplasm– Reactions in the mitochondria

• Fermentation– Lactic-Acid Fermentation– Alcohol Fermentation

• Photosynthesis– Lights and Pigments– Reactions is Chloroplasts– Importance

Cellular Respiration

• Series of chemical reactions

• Converts food molecules into energy (ATP)

• In cytoplasm and mitochondria

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Glycolysis

• In cytoplasm

• Glucose, a simple sugar, is taken into the cell

• Glucose and energy undergo a chemical reaction

• First step in cellular respiration

• Glucose + ATP smaller molecules + ATP

Step 1: Glycolysis

Step 2: Cellular Respiration

• After glycolysis

• In mitochondria

• Small molecules and oxygen are taken into mitochondria

• ATP, water and carbon dioxide are released

Draw Fig16 p70

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Fermentation

• No oxygen used

• Get ATP (energy) from food

• Makes less ATP than respiration

• In Cytoplasm

• 2 Types– Lactic Acid– Alcohol

Lactic-Acid Fermentation

• Glucose energy + Lactic Acid

• Bacteria and Fungi to make cheese

• Humans and animals during exercise

Alcohol Fermentation

• Bacteria and yeast to make alcohol and bread• Glucose ATP (energy) + CO2 + ethanol (alcohol)

Photosynthesis

• Series of chemical reactions

• Plants and some unicellular organisms

• Uses light energy, water, and CO2

• Makes glucose and oxygen

Lights and Pigments

• In plants, pigments such as chlorophyll absorb all colors of light except green

• Over plants reflect other colors

Reactions in Chloroplasts

• Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments

Importance

• Turns solar energy into glucose that animals can use

• Releases oxygen needed to respiration