galaxies big things in the universe billions and billions - carl sagan - carl sagan
TRANSCRIPT
GalaxiesGalaxies
Big Things in the UniverseBig Things in the Universe
““Billions and Billions”Billions and Billions”
- Carl Sagan- Carl Sagan
““Nebula”Nebula”
The early astronomers looked up at the The early astronomers looked up at the sky and kept seeing “faint fuzzy” things. sky and kept seeing “faint fuzzy” things. They named them “Nebula” – which They named them “Nebula” – which means “cloud”means “cloud”
Their telescopes weren’t all that good Their telescopes weren’t all that good
Charles MessierCharles Messier
Messier wanted to discover comets! He’d Messier wanted to discover comets! He’d look up, see a “faint fuzzy” patch – which look up, see a “faint fuzzy” patch – which is also what a new comet looks like – get is also what a new comet looks like – get excited – then notice that it didn’t move.excited – then notice that it didn’t move.
Frustrated, he made a list of 103 “faint Frustrated, he made a list of 103 “faint fuzzies” so he wouldn’t get distracted.fuzzies” so he wouldn’t get distracted.
He is more famous for the He is more famous for the Messier ListMessier List than for the comets he than for the comets he diddid discover. discover.
Faint Fuzzies RevealedFaint Fuzzies Revealed
Telescopes got better – people realized Telescopes got better – people realized that some of the Messier objects were gas that some of the Messier objects were gas clouds (M42), some were exploded stars clouds (M42), some were exploded stars (M1), some were groups of stars (M45), (M1), some were groups of stars (M45), and some were vast groups of billions of and some were vast groups of billions of stars (M31, M51, M101). stars (M31, M51, M101).
Hubble finally saw specific kinds of stars in Hubble finally saw specific kinds of stars in M31 – Andromeda – and discovered how M31 – Andromeda – and discovered how far away it was.far away it was.
Hubble and the GalaxiesHubble and the Galaxies
While he was working on the expansion of While he was working on the expansion of the universe, Hubble saw a LOT of the universe, Hubble saw a LOT of galaxies. He noticed they had several galaxies. He noticed they had several basic shapes.basic shapes.EllipticalElliptical EESpiralSpiral SSBarred SpiralBarred Spiral SBSB IrregularIrregular IrrIrr
Hubble came up with an identification Hubble came up with an identification system called the Hubble Tuning Fork.system called the Hubble Tuning Fork.
EllipticalElliptical
An Elliptical An Elliptical (M60) and a (M60) and a SpiralSpiral
Elliptical IIElliptical II
Two Two Ellipticals – Ellipticals – (M105) +(M105) +
SpiralsSpirals
M51 – a spiral seen M51 – a spiral seen face on with a face on with a companion galaxycompanion galaxy
Spirals IISpirals II
M101M101
Spirals IIISpirals III
NGC 891NGC 891
Spirals IVSpirals IVM104M104
Spirals VSpirals V
Stephans Stephans QuintetQuintet
Spirals VI Spirals VI (and some Ellipticals)(and some Ellipticals)
HHEERRCCUULLEESS
CCLLUUSSTTEERR
Barred SpiralsBarred Spirals
Jalf Jalf 350350
Barred Spirals IIBarred Spirals II
M109M109
Barred Spirals IIIBarred Spirals III
Barred Spirals IVBarred Spirals IV
NGC 7479NGC 7479
Barred Spirals VBarred Spirals V
NGC 613NGC 613
from ESOfrom ESO
Barred Spirals VIBarred Spirals VI
NGC 4548NGC 4548
Barred Spirals VIIBarred Spirals VII
NGC 7479NGC 7479
IrregularsIrregulars
LL
MM
CC
SMC
Irregular IIIrregular II
LMCLMC
Irregular IIIIrregular III
M82M82
Irregular IVIrregular IV
NGCNGC
44494449
Irregular VIrregular V
NGC 6822NGC 6822
The Mystery of the GalaxiesThe Mystery of the Galaxies
One of the cool debates going on now in One of the cool debates going on now in Cosmology (the study of the origin of the Cosmology (the study of the origin of the Universe), is the question of: Did stars Universe), is the question of: Did stars form and “fall into” galaxies, or did form and “fall into” galaxies, or did galaxies (clumps of gas) form and then the galaxies (clumps of gas) form and then the stars formed and ignited.stars formed and ignited.
Both groups argue that there isn’t enough Both groups argue that there isn’t enough time for the other groups hypothesis to time for the other groups hypothesis to work. work.
Make a Galaxy ActivityMake a Galaxy Activity
You now know the basic shapes of the You now know the basic shapes of the galaxies. Choose one of the basic shapes galaxies. Choose one of the basic shapes and draw it on the top of a paper plate.and draw it on the top of a paper plate.
Put your name / period / date on the bottomPut your name / period / date on the bottomPut the type of galaxy shape it is E-S-SB-I on the Put the type of galaxy shape it is E-S-SB-I on the
bottom.bottom.
We will suspend them from the ceiling, We will suspend them from the ceiling, and hopefully they will not blow down!and hopefully they will not blow down!
DisclaimerDisclaimerAlohaAloha
I put together these power points for use in I put together these power points for use in my science classes.my science classes.You may use them in your classes.You may use them in your classes.
Some images are public domain, some Some images are public domain, some are used under the fair-use provisions of are used under the fair-use provisions of the copyright law, some are mine. the copyright law, some are mine. Copyright is retained by the owners!Copyright is retained by the owners!
Ted BrattstromTed Brattstrom