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Leveraging Student Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault
and Dating Violence
Brian O’Connor, Futures Without ViolenceRebecca Milliman, Harborview Center for
Sexual Assault & Traumatic Stress
Game Plan for Today
⦿Background Information ⦿Coaching Boys into Men⦿Athletes As Leaders⦿Case Example (Garfield High School)
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 1 of 23
Rooted in Theory
• Primary Prevention• Social Ecological
Model• Social Norms
Theory• Sports in Society
GHS Project
• Sexual Health Education in Health Classes using Family Life & Sexual Health curriculum
• Student Campaigns and Outreach• Staff Training• Parent Training • Athletes As Leaders Program with Girls’ Sports (AKA
Student Leaders & Athletic Youth)• Coaching Boys Into Men Program with Boys’ Sports
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 2 of 23
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“I have always believed that a role model can be anyone. It’s important for people to realize that young people are always looking at them for guidance, whether that grown person is aware of it or not.”
- Dean Smith, Hall of Fame Coach, UNC
Engaging Men & Coaching Boys Into Men
Introduction
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 3 of 23
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Engaging Men
In 2000, we asked men what they were willing (and not willing) to do about domestic violence:
• More than half of men (56%) believed that domestic or sexual violence would directly affect someone they know.
• But, many said they didn’t know how to help AND others said simply that no one had ever asked them to get involved.
• National poll showed a willingness to do something: Talk to children about healthy relationships (#1) Contribute money Call your legislator
Resulted in a public awareness campaign that set out to:
• Appeal to the “role model” in men and encourage action to prevent violence.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMrkmoGVqbY
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 4 of 23
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Invite not indict – 2007 update
After seven years, a 2007 poll* found:
• A significant increase in the number of men who reported talking to youth about healthy relationships• 2001: 29%
• 2007: 56%
• Specifically, even more fathers (68%) reported talking to their sons and 63% to their daughters.
• More than half of men (56%) believe that domestic or sexual violence will directly affect someone they know.
*Fathers’ Day Poll 2007, Conducted by Peter D. Hart Research Associates on behalf of Futures Without Violence & Verizon Wireless, June 4, 2007.
http://www.preventconnect.org/2007/10/what-new-public-opinion-research-tells-us-about-men%E2%80%99s-willingness-to-support-efforts-to-prevent-domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault/
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Invite not indict – Key Insights
• Appeal to the role model in men
• Meet men where they are
• Invite men to take specific actions to stand up against violence in their communities
• Empower men with the tools necessary to take a stand
• Use sports as a platform that enables conversations with men and youth around violence prevention
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 5 of 23
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Teach Early
What is Coaching Boys Into Men?
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 6 of 23
Leveraging the Power of Sports:CBIM Guiding Principles
GARFIELD VIDEO
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 7 of 23
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Key Players
AdvocateCommunity
leaders working to bring CBIM to
local athletic programs across
the nation.
CoachAdult or ‘near-peer’ that plays
the role of a mentor with
young people in an athletic
context.
Advocate -Coach
Partnership
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Trainings
Train the Trainer: Advocate Training• Training for advocates looking to bring CBIM to
their community (usually provided by FUTURES or other trained advocates).
Coaches’ Clinic – Coach Training• Training for coaches looking to deliver
CBIM with their athletes (usually provided by a trained local advocate).
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 8 of 23
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Comprehensive Approach
2. Delivery• Coach use of the
Card Series with Athletes
1. Implementation• Advocate-Coach-School
& Community Partnership
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CBIM: Coaches Kit
The CBIM Playbook • Developed to take advantage of
“Teachable Moments” • Designed as an introduction to the issue
with tips for addressing it.
The CBIM CARD SERIES • Messages delivered in 15 minute
discussions once a week
References & Resources • Coaches Kits available at
www.coachescorner.org• Includes CBIM Overview & professional
referral information
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 9 of 23
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Coaches Kit
Card Series:
Prep Cards (3): Help you prepare for CBIM during the season.
Training Cards (12): Outline for weekly discussions.
Timeout Cards (2): Enhance coach delivery strategy
Halftime & Overtime Cards (2): Strategies to engage your school and community in CBIM.
Teachable Moments (5)
Additional Material:
CBIM Playbook
Resources:
Overview
Getting Started
Need Help
Sample Sports Reporter Letter
Host a Fan Pledge Day
Sample School Radio Script
Take a Stand Against Bullying
CBIM Works!
Are you a CBIM Coach?
Fair or Foul Play – adaptation guidance
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Card Series Topics
1.Pre-Season Speech
2.Personal Responsibility
3.Insulting Language
4.Disrespectful Behavior Toward Women & Girls
5.Digital Disrespect
6.Understanding Consent
7. Bragging About Sexual Reputation
8. When Aggression Crosses the Line
9. There’s No Excuse for Relationship
Abuse
10. Communicating Boundaries
11. Modeling Respect and Promoting
Equality
12. Signing the CBIM Pledge
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 10 of 23
WOODLAND HILLS
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Card Series Example
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 11 of 23
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Card Series Example
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CBIM Works!
Evidence-based CDC evaluation over 3 years (2012) with over 2,000 athletes based in the Sacramento, California
• Increased intention to intervene
• Increased knowledge of abusive behaviors
• Decrease in abuse perpetration
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 12 of 23
Thank you!
Brian O’[email protected]
AthletesAsLeaders.org
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 13 of 23
What is “Athletes As Leaders?”
› A program for high school athletes on girls’ sports teams
› Designed to be a complement to prevention programs that intentionally engage men & boys
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 14 of 23
A Unique Approach ⦿Avoids traditional sexual assault messages
aimed toward girls and women⦿Strives to not be victim-blaming, and instead
to increase empathy for survivors⦿Encourages youth to be leaders and set
their own group norms
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 15 of 23
Program Goals
⦿ Builds strong teams and fosters healthy relationships among athletes and their peers
⦿ Builds trust, positive girl culture, sets normsfor behavior within the team, school, and community
⦿ Helps define healthy and unhealthy behaviors in relationships
⦿ Challenges harmful gender stereotypes & media messages
Program Structure
⦿ Fits into a typical high school sports season (10 sessions total)
⦿Once a week, 20 minutes long
⦿Meant to be done during team’s practice time ⦿ Facilitators are female-identified mentors in the
community
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 16 of 23
The Program
Program Sessions1. Introductory Session
2. Challenging Gender Stereotypes
3. Privilege and Oppression
4. Self Image and Standards of Beauty
5. Rumor Spreading
6. Relationships
7. Consent
8. Messages About Manhood
9. Girl Positivity
10. Celebrating our Successes
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 17 of 23
Session Structure
1. Warm Up: Video and Introduction
2. Work Out: Facilitated Discussion
3. Cool Down: Setting New Team Norms
YouTube: “Always #LikeAGirl”
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 18 of 23
Team Talk Examples
Girls are: TOUGH
POWERFULAMAZING
“Tell younger girls they can be whatever & who ever they
want”
“Don’t use language that
puts girls down”“BE
YOURSELF”
Coaches’ Training
Reinforce the messages:› There are lots of ways to “be a girl”› Focus on accomplishments› Girls supporting other girls› Consent & boundaries› Supporting survivors
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 19 of 23
Evaluation
Evaluation: » Garfield High School, Seattle
WA» Worland High School,
Worland, WY » Lovell High School, Lovell, WY» Charles City High School,
Charles City, IA» Red River High School, Grand
Forks, ND
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 20 of 23
Survey Item # of athletes who strongly agreedbefore program
# of athletes who strongly agreedafter program
% improvement
I can recognize the signs of an unhealthy relationship.
35 96 174%
I feel confident that I can challenge the stereotype that girls are weak and inferior.
63 116 84%
I believe that I have the ability to influence my peers positively as a student athlete and a leader.
35 71 103%
# of athletes who strongly disagreedbefore program
# of athletes who strongly disagreedafter program
% improvement
My judgement of a girl is usually based on her physical appearance
27 70 159%I think that boys should always act tough in order to be seen as real men.
71 107 51%The program has helped to create a more positive girl culture among girls’ sports teams.
99% agreed
“It allowed a space for girls to talk about the issues and ways to positively change them.”
“I have become a more positive person on and off the court.”
“I think it is really important to talk about these topics as a group and it helps to understand others' perspectives.”
“I think we are all more conscientious about how we treat each other.”
“We really realize how much a difference we can make now.”“Girls know that they are just as important as men and they can
be and do whatever they want.”
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 21 of 23
Website and Toolkits
AthletesAsLeaders.org
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 22 of 23
Rebecca [email protected]
Brian O’[email protected]
9th Annual Domestic Violence Symposium The Bigger Picture
Session 5B - Leveraging Student-Athletes’ Leadership to Prevent Sexual Assault & Dating Violence
Brian O'Connor & Rebecca Milliman
September 7 & 8, 2017 Page 23 of 23