MAHATMA GANDHI THE LEGEND OF INDIA

MAHATMA GANDHITHE LEGEND OF INDIA

EARLY LIFEMohandas karamchand ganhi wasborn on october 2 1869 to a modhbaniya family in porbandar.Gandhi father was karamchanduttamchand gandhi,his motherwas putlibai gandhi.His father served as diwanof porbandar state.Gandhi studied in Kattyawar highschool in rajkot .

EARLY LIFEGandhi grew up with jaintraditions,customs,practices.Jainism was an ancient religionIndia.Some of his traditions werevegetarianism, religious tolerance,fasting and compassion.Gandhis father passed awaywhen hewas at the age of Sixteeen,which drew Gandhi into depression.

TEENAGE LIFEMahatma Gandhi married kasturbaimakhanji when he was 13 years old.Mahatma Gandhi had four sonsThey are:-Harilal Gandhi Ramdas Gandhi Manilal Gandhi Devdas GandhiMahatma Gandhi married kastur-bai the year 1883.

EDUCATIONMahatma Gandhi studied in Alfred high school in 1877.He was an average student and went to London in 1888 to study Law at university of London and also earned to become a barrister.He even studied in samaldas artscollege and tried to establish a Career.

ESTABLISHMENT OF CAREERHis attempts at establishing a law practice in Mumbai failed Later, after failing to secure a part-time job as a high school teacher, he ended up returning to Rajkot to make a modest living drafting petitions for litigants.In his autobiography, he refers to this incident as an unsuccessful attempt to lobby on behalf of his brother.

GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICAIn South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians. He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket.Traveling farther on by stagecoach he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European passenger.These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to social injustice and influencing his subsequent social activism.Gandhi was strictly against racial discrimination.

GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICAAs a result to bring changes Gandhi adopted satyagrah which means devotion to the Truth. He insisted Indians to defy the Law and suffer through punishments instead of resisting, then further satya graha inspired many Indians and he was successful in bringing changes through hisweapon satygraha.

GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICAGandhi served in and lead an Ambulance Corps Unit in both the Boer War 1899-1892 and the Zulu War of 1906. Gandhi hoped to gain full citizenship for Indians in South Africa, a goal he did not achieve.

STRUGGLE FOR INDIAN INDEPENDENCE(19151945)

RETURN TO INDIAIn 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India. He spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress, but was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS GANDHIModerates did not like the use of satyagraha.Extremist leaders repelled by his studied moderation towards the government. British attitude was deeply suspicious of his motives and actions.

ROLE IN WORLD WAR IIn April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, Gandhi was invited by the Viceroy to a War Conference in Delhi. Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case for India's independence, Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort. In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants.

INITIAL AREAS OF SATYAGRAHAThese were the most important areas where satygrahaplayed its major in role in bringing independenceto the entire nation.Champaran BiharKheda GujaratAhmadabad - Gujarat

CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT

CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA:191710th April: Gandhiji arrives Patna in way to Champaran with Raj Kumar Shukla. Started for Muzafferpur. Prof J. B. Kriplani welcomes at Muzafferpur Station. Stayed in Hostel during Night.15th April: Gandhiji arrives Motihari at 3P.M. and stayed at the residence of Gorakh Prasad, advocate.16th April: Gandhiji was served order by government of leaving district by first available train. Gandhiji returned to Motihari and gave letter of his intension of not obeying the order to District Magistrate.17th April: Wrote a letter to District Magistrate showing his willingness to go to nearby village.

CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA18th Apr 1917 :Appeared in the court of Sub Divisional Magistrate of Motihari and gave Historic Statement of reason for not obeying the order. Case was adjourned till 21st Apr.19th Apr : In protest against the order of leaving the district, executive committee of Bihar Provincial Union decided to send a letter to viceroy.20th Apr : Government ordered for withdrawal of case against Gandhiji and instructed the District Collector for making arrangements during his enquiry period. First Victory ofSatyagrahin Champaran. 10th Jun : Formation of Enquiry Committee. Subject and name of seven members announced. Gandhiji was one of the member.

CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA11th Jul :Gandhiji attended the primary meeting for deciding the legality and subject of his Champaran enquiry in Ranchi.25th Jul : Meeting of Enquiry Committee in front of committee the District Magistrate and manager of Rajepur Kothi (Neel Factory) E.A. Hudson.23rd Sep :Met Lt. Governer and talked about Champaran.6th Oct :Lt. Governor accepted the report of Champaran Enquiry Committee. 18th Oct 1917 : Government accepted the recommendation of Champaran Enquiry Committee and published his opinion. AND THIS WAS THE VICTORY OF FIRST PEACEFUL MOVEMENT (SATYAGRAH) BY GANDHIJI IN CHAMPARAN.

CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA8th Nov : Gandhiji arrives with his wife Kasturba and volunteer in Motihari for educating people.14th Nov 1917 : Gandhiji started first school at Barharwa Lakhansen near Dhaka.4th Mar 1918 : Governor General of India signed on Agreain Bill and all black law along with 'Tinkathia ' abolished.1st May 1918 :Governor General finally signed the Act and thus the end of "NEEL KA ABHISHAP24th May 1918:Layed the Foundation of Ashram at Motihari and left for Ahmedabad.THUS THE END OF CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAH ANDOLAN(MOVEMENT).

KHEDA SATYAGRAHA:1918

KHEDA SATYAGRAHAIn 1918, Gandhiji learned that the peasants of Kheda district in Gujarat were in extreme distress due to the failure of crops, and that their appeals for the remission of land revenue were being ignored by the government. As the crops were less than one fourth of the normal yield, the peasants were entitled under the revenue code to a total remission of the land revenue.

KHEDA SATYAGRAHAGandhiji organised Satyagraha and asked the cultivators not to pay land revenue till their demand for remission was met. The struggle was withdrawn, when the government issued instructions that revenue should be recovered only from those peasants who could afford to pay.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the many young persons who became Gandhiji's follower during the Kheda peasant struggle.

AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE

AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKEThe next scene of Gandhiji's activity was in 1918 at Ahmedabad where an agitation had been going on between the labourers and the owners of a cotton textile mill for an increase of pay. While Gandhiji was negotiating with the millowners, he advised the workers to go on strike and to demand 35% increase in wages.

AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKEHaving advised the strikers to depend upon their conscience, Gandhiji himself went on a "fast unto death" to strengthen the workers resolved to continue the strike. The mill owners gave away and a settlement was reached after 21 days of strike. The millowners agreed to submit the whole issue to a tribunal.

AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKEThe strike was withdrawn and retrieval later awarded the 35% increase that the workers had demanded. Ambalal Sarabhai's sister, Anasuya Behn, was one of the main lieutenants of Gandhiji in this struggle in which her brother and Gandhiji's friend was one of the main advisories.

JALLIANWALA BAGH

As the Rowlatt act was hurriedly passed by the imperial Legislative Council, Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against the unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful processions. As Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command. On 13 April the infamous Jallianwala bagh incident took place. Hundreds were killed and injured. His object, as he declared later, was to produce a moral effect, to create in the minds of satyagrahis a felling of terror and awe.

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENTMahatma Gandhi led his non-violent nationalistmovement satyagraha, as a protest against government repression such as theRowlatt act of 1919, and the jallianwalabagh massacre of April 1919. To enlist Muslim support in his movement, Gandhi supported khilafat cause and became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee.

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENTBegan in January 1921 and ended in February 1922 with the chauri chaura incident.It aimed to resist British occupation of India through non violent means.

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENTChauri Chaurais a town nearGorakhpur,Uttar Pradesh, known most for an event in February 1922 during theBritish Rajwhen a policestation)was set on fire by a mob of angry citizens, killing 23 policemen inside. Due to this incident mahatma Gandhi called a halt to the non-cooperation movement.This movement represents the struggle of peasants under non cooperation movement.

IMPRISONMENTGandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment. He began his sentence on 18 March 1922. He was released in February 1924 for an appendicitis operation, having served only 2 years.Without Gandhi's uniting personality, the Indian National Congress began to splinter during his years in prison.

GANDHIS LIFE STYLE

SUCCESSFUL INDEPENDENCEWhen the moment of freedom came, on 15 August 1947, Gandhi was nowhere to be seen in the capital, though Nehru and the entire Constituent Assembly were to salute him as the architect of Indian independence, as the 'father of the nation'.

END OF GANDHI ERAMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated at the Birla House (now Gandhi Smriti) in New Delhi on30th january1948.

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