garden guide 2010 english
TRANSCRIPT
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Garden Guide
A Product of the
Community Gardening Network
of Ottawa
www.justfood.ca
http://www.justfood.ca/http://www.justfood.ca/ -
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CGN-RJCof/dOttawa
Community Gardening Network/
Rseau de jardinage communautaires
What is the CGN
The CGN is a network open to all memers of the community who garden!
whether in a community garden! or in their front or ack yard! on their
alcony! at pulic uildings! in a schoolyard! etc" working to sow! cu"ti#ate
and har#est the sustaina$"e de#elopment of community gardening in the
City of Ottawa"
What is the mission of CGN$
To work towards ensuring that all neighourhoods in the City of Ottawa
ha#e information onand accessto community gardens andgardening! with
particular attention to! ut not e%clusi#ely high density! low income areas"
&n doing so! the CGN is committed to democratic processes! eco"ogica"
stewardshi% and working with di#erse populations"
&he Community Garden 'e#e"o%ment (und
The Community Garden 'e#elopment (und was estalished in )**+" &t is a
collaoration etween ,ust (ood! the City of Ottawa and memers of the
Community Gardening Network" The annual fund of -.!*** is to e usedto start new community gardens in the City of Ottawa! and to e%pand and
enhance the e%isting gardens around the City"
(or more information aout this fund #isit www"justfood"ca
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A Community Garden is)
"..a collection of garden plots in an urban, suburban or rural setting, which provides residents with
access to land for gardening. Community gardens beautify previously barren or unused land. Run by
members of the community, they are a place where neighbours can meet and work together to care
for the garden while growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs.
What are the $enefits of community gardens
(OO' *+C,R& and N,&R&ON
Gardening pro#ides people with fresh! nutritious fruits! hers and #egetales mainly during the
har#est season" Community gardens can play an important role in helping people to eat well when
they are unale to afford healthy food in stores" Gardens pro#ide those on low incomes with theopportunity to grow organic food! which is often e%pensi#e in retail stores"
ACC+** &O GAR'+NNG *PAC+
Community gardens attract people who dont ha#e access to yard space! especially those who li#e
in apartment uildings" Community gardens are accessile spaces within walking distance where
people can participate in recreational gardening and growing healthy food for themsel#es"
+N/RON0+N&A1 *,*&ANA21&
0 community garden allows indi#iduals concerned aout the en#ironmental impacts of food to ha#econtrol o#er the food they eat" 1eople use organic methods in their gardens! thus reducing
pesticide e%posure to themsel#es and the en#ironment"
Growing food in the city reduces the en#ironmental costs associated with transporting food o#er
long distances" Gardening connects people to the food cycle" &t also encourages the recycling of
food and garden waste through the use of compost! which reduces the amount of trash in landfills"
CO00,N& '+/+1OP0+N& and +',CA&ON
Community gardens help to create a positi#e image of the community" Community gardens ha#e a
positi#e impact on the community" The garden ecomes a meeting spot! where communitymemers interact and get to know one another" This helps create a closer2knit! more cooperati#e
neighourhood" Community gardens allow for cooperation across di#erse ethnic and age groups"
&n Ottawa! gardeners and community memers can also participate in free educational workshops
throughout the year which focus on organic gardening skills! food and en#ironmental issues! and
the preparation of nutritious meals"
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&a$"e of Contents
3uilding the soil 4
Composting )
5eeds 6
Companion 1lanting
Garden 7ayout 8
1lanting Guide .
1est Control +
Common &nsect 1rolem 46
3ucket Gardening 48
9ater Conser#ation 4+
1lanting Guide )4
:egetale 1rofiles );
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2,1'NG &3+ *O1
9hen you first start your garden! you might find that the soil is too hard! too rocky! too sandy!
or not healthy enough to grow plants well" =ost gardens need a lot of work to make and keep
the soil healthy! producti#e and easy to work"
>arly in the spring! when the ground is warm and dry enough! dig your garden to a
depth of 4 - 56 inches! reaking up clumps and remo#ing large rocks"
0dd 7-8 inchesof com%ostand turn it thoroughly into the soil" Compost is good for all
kinds of soil! it gi#es structureto sandy soil and helps it hold water" (or soil that is hard
and full of clay! it helps to loosen it and helps water drain through it" &t also adds
nutrientswhich are slowly released into the soil during the growing season"
0nother way to help impro#e the soil is to plant a co#er crop! or green manure in your
garden in the early fall ?mid 5eptemer@" These plants are not har#ested in the spring!
ut are turned ack into the soil" These plants ring nutrients up from deep in the soil
and also Afi%B nutrients! like nitrogen! from the air and water" 9hen you turn them
under! you also increase the plant matter in the soil! which helps to gi#e structure to
clay or sandy soil"
5ome good co#er cro%sare a"fa"fa! c"o#er! rye! $ar"eyand winter wheat! they need to e kept
moist for germination" 'ont let the plants go to seed" Turn them under in the spring when they
are 8 or 9 inchestall" ou can also plant co#er crops in the spring or summer in part of your
garden that you are not using to prepare it for ne%t season"
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CO0PO*&NG:A great way tofeed your soiland help your garden grow!
What is CO0PO*&
Compost is the reakdown or decomposition of food and garden waste" &t
could e a mi% ofE
lea#es
fruit and #egetale scraps
weeds
other plant waste
Tiny creatures such as acteria! fungi! worms and small insects eat these materials and turnthem into compost 2 this is called decomposition" 9hen compost is ready to put on your
garden it will e dark rown and crumly and it will look like soil"
Why shou"d %ut com%ost on the garden
Compost is /+R GOO'for your garden" 0 ; - 7 inch "ayero#er your whole garden is #ery
helpful" &t will help your plants grow and keeps the soil moist" &t also keeps weeds down longer"
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What can %ut in the com%ost
'O A'' 'ON=& A''
3read! aked goods! plain noodles 3utter! cheese! milk
>gg shells =eat! ones
(ruit and #egetale scraps Oil! peanut utter! lard
Tea ags and coffee grinds =ayonnaise! salad dressing
9eeds and lea#es 5our cream! yogurt
Grass and 3ranches 'og and cat waste
3ow do use com%ost! and when do %ut it on my garden
Compost can e dug into the soil in the fall or in the spring efore
planting the garden! or used as a mulch"
9hen planting in the spring! put compost in with the seeds"
Once your plants are growing! spread some compost around the
flower and #egetale plants"
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*++'*
ou might want to find some of your plants that are healthy! strong
and Huick growing! and let them flower and go to seed" ou canthen collect and dry the seeds and sa#e them to plant ne%t year"
This might mean letting your radishes! roccoli or spinach go
to flower instead of har#esting them"
Or you might let some eans and peas stay on the #ine until
the plant dies and the pods are large"
ou can also let other #egetales! like sHuash! cucumer or peppers stay on the plant
until they are ig and tough and not #ery good to eat" This is usually when the seeds are ready
to e sa#ed"
5ome plants will only produce seeds the second year of planting! so you would ha#e to lea#e
them in the garden o#er the winter and wait until ne%t season to get seeds" ?They would ha#e
to e hea#ily mulched in the Ottawa area to pre#ent winter killing@
3eets! caage! carrots! celery and onions all produce seeds in their second year of
growth"
5eeds should e taken out of their fruit or pods! washed! spread on a aking sheet and left on a
sunny window sill indoors to dry" 9hen they are dry! you can put them in a jar or small ag!
lael the container! and keep them in a cool! dark! dry place until you need to use them" ?afridge or a freeFer is est@
Not all of the seeds you sa#e will grow plants ne%t year" 5ome
seeds you uy in the store grow only hyrids! which mean
that their plants will not produce good seeds" 5ometimes
when insects pollinate your flowers! they mi% the pollen up
with other plants! and the seed will not grow well"
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W3A& * CO0PANON P1AN&NG
Companion planting is a way of growing plants in your garden that helps your
plants stay healthy and keeps insects away" &t is something that you may choose topractice! some people ha#e found it helpful"
5ome plants grow etter when they are ne%t to other ones2 like carrots and
tomatoes"
5ome plants gi#e off a smell from their flowers and lea#es! or a chemical
from their roots that insects dont like! so they stay away"
5ome plants are #ery good for the soil2 like peas and eans" They add
nutrients when they grow that help other plants to stay healthy and strong"
CO0PANON P1AN&* (OR P+*& CON&RO1
P1AN& >++P* AWA P1AN& N+AR
2asi" flies! mosHuitoes tomatoes! all plants
Gar"ic aphids! onion flies! spider mites! wee#ils tomatoes! caage
3orseradish potato ugs potatoes! eggplant
0arigo"d nematodes! me%ican ean eetle I many
others
potatoes! tomatoes! strawerries!
eans! all plants enefit
0int caage moth! flea eetle tomatoes! caageNasturtium white flies! aphids! sHuash ugs eans! roccoli! caage! potatoes!
sHuash! radishes! tomatoes
3ot Pe%%er aphids! caterpillars! rodents as a powder or spray on the lea#es or
on the ground all plants
Rosemary caage moth! ean eetles! carrot fly caage! roccoli! carrots! eans!
sHuash! tomatoes
*age caage moth! carrot fly caage! roccoli! carrots
&ansy flying insects! cucumer eetles! ants! sHuash
ugs
fruits trees! erries! fruiting plants!
sHuash! tomato! cucumer
&hyme caage worm caage! roccoli
Wormwood =oths! caage worm! flea eetle! animals plant outside the garden as a order
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A *A0P1+ GAR'+N 1AO,&
#ery garden is different" >%perience is the est guide of allJ
(ollow the directions on the seed packet for proper spacingK not all plants need the same amount ofspace"
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/egeta$"e P"anting Guide for the Ottawa Area
5stWeek of 0arch 2 5tart onions from seeds indoors
2 1lace sweet potatoes in water to sprout indoors
5stWeek of A%ri" 2 5tart tomatoes! peppers and eggplant indoors
2 5tart early rassicas and romaine lettuce indoors if you ha#e a
cold frame
0idd"e of A%ri" 2 ?or whene#er soil can e worked@ plant peas! radish! lettuce I a
few onion sets for greens outdoors
7rd Week of A%ri" 2 Transplant rassicas and romaine lettuce to cold frame
5stWeek of 0ay 2 5tart watermelon and cantaloupe indoors
2 5tart one container of slicing cucumers indoors
2 1lant eets and carrots for early har#est! spinach! 5wiss chard
and storage onions outdoors
0idd"e of 0ay 2 5tart early corn outdoors ?if soil reasonaly warm@
2 1lant early potatoes
1ast week of 0ay 2 Cut sweet potato #ines into .2LB pieces and place in )2;B of
water to root
2 5tart mid2season corn! green eans! cucumers and sHuash
outdoors
2 Transplant tomatoes and peppers outdoors
5stWeek of June 2 1lant lima eans and okra outdoors
2 Transplant sweet potatoes! watermelons! cantaloupes and
slicing cucumer outdoors
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;nd Week of June 2 1lant late corn outdoors
2 1lant winter storage carrots! eets! rutaagas and potatoes
outdoors at end of week
2 5tart late season rassicas ?caage! cauliflower and roccoli@
outdoors for later transplanting
5stWeek of Ju"y 2 1lant Chinese #egetales/caage outdoors
2 Transplant late season rassicas
1ate August 2 5tart fall garden of radish! lettuce and onion sets
5st Week of *e%t 2 5tart spinach and onion sets for spring har#est
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P+*& CON&RO1&P*
Com%ostE 0dd compost when you plant your seeds or small plants" &t willkeep your plants strong! healthy and ale to etter resist insects and
disease"
C"ean u%E Take rotting wood and plants away in the fall to stop ugs from laying
eggs! and/or o#er wintering in this material"
0o#e %"antsE 'ont plant the same #egetale! or family of #egetales! in the same
place ne%t year! as some pests stay in the same spot in your garden year
after year"
Good P"antsE 3ugs will stay away from some plants ecause they dont like the smell"
1lant them etween your #egetales or around the garden" Check the list
of Companion 1lants for 1est Control! to find out which plants would e
est for your garden"
3+1P(,1 CR+A&,R+*?
1ady $ugsare great for your gardenJ They lo#e to eat aphids"
+arthworms?worms create air spaces and make the soil etter and etter as they eat heir way
through it"
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*oa% s%ray? 5oapy water can e used to spray on plants to kill some pests" &t can also
keep eggs from hatching" ,ust mi% a little dishwashing soap with water"
=ake sure to spray oth the tops and ottoms of the lea#es"
Gar"ic *%ray? 1uree 4 clo#es of garlic with ) cups of water in a lender" Or! mash thegarlic or cut it up finely" 7et it sit for one day" Then strain the liHuid! so
there are no garlic pieces left" The garlic repels some ad ugs! and can
kill young ones"
3ot Pe%%er *%ray? 0dd 4/) cup of finely chopped hot peppers to ) cups of water" Or! put in a
lender" 5train the mi%ture" 9ear glo#es" &f the spray gets on your skin or
in your eyes it will urn or sting" 7arge pests like ground hogs! raccoons
and mice! dont like hot peppers" &f this is sprayed around the garden! it
will help to keep them away"
3air? 5cattering human hair clippings or dog hair around a garden area may
help keep ground hogs away"
&wigs and 2ranches? 5catter twigs and ranches o#er your planted rows to keep cats away"
=ake sure not to scatter too many twigs and ranches efore your plants
germinate as the seeds that you ha#e planted need sunlight to grow"
/egeta$"e Garden Pest 0anagement
The #ast majority of insects in a #egetale garden do no harmK many are eneficial! while only a
few are actually harmful" =oreo#er! the impact of these harmful ones can e minimiFed easily
y practising a little pre#ention! tolerance and control"
3ea"thy P"ants
The est defence against insect pests is a good offence" 5tart y ensuring that your plants are
healthy and growing #igorously" 0 healthy! #igorous plant can etter tolerate or reound from
many types of insect damage" 7ocate your garden in a sunny location! pro#ide a loose! well2
drained soil! and add plenty of compost" &f soil drainage is a prolem! use raised eds" 9hile the
p< of a rich! organic soil is usually satisfactory! some acidic sandy soils may need some
supplemental lime" 0s Thomas ,efferson! the )nd1resident of the 50! once wroteE
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I suspect that the insects which have harassed you have been encouraged by the feebleness of
your plants and that has been produced by the lean state of your soil.
Cro% Rotation
&f you rotate your #egetales or families of related #egetales each year! you may reak the
reproducti#e cycle of some insects! particularly those relati#ely immoile species that o#er2
winter in the ground or in specific host plants" Crop rotation is specially effecti#e at discouraging
se#eral soil2orne diseases! including ean root rot! clu root! acterial diseases of tomatoes
and #arious potato afflictions! all of which can weaken your plants and make them more
susceptile to insect attack" &n general! rotate the following plant families togetherE rassicas
?caage! cauliflower! roccoli! russel sprouts! turnips! radish@K solanaceous plants ?tomato!
pepper! eggplant! potato@K roots ?carrots! eets! parsnips@K greens ?lettuce! endi#e! spinach@K
legumes ?eans! peas@K and cucurits ?cucumers! melons! sHuashes@" Garden sanitation is
important! so remo#e #egetale waste from the garden and compost it to reduce the o#erwintering success of some insects"
2io-di#ersity and nter%"anting
&ncrease io2di#ersity y planting only small Huantities of the same #egetale in any one place
?usually this is the norm in a home #egetale garden@" Try not to interplant culti#ars from the
same family grouping ?as noted ao#e@" (or e%ample! it is much etter to mi% caages and
carrots then caages and cauliflower" 0 di#ersified mi%ture of plants! with differing colours!
shapes and odours can sometimes help reduce insect attack" 3ooks and guides dealing withcompanion planting recommend specific comination of plants that are said to repel certain
insects" (or e%ample! some claim that nasturtiums repel striped cucumer eetles! that
marigolds discourage the imported caageworm utterfly! and that catnip foils flea eetles"
Predator nsects
>ncourage predatory and parasitic insects" =emers of the umelliferae family! such as dill! are
especially good at attracting parasitic wasps! which ha#e three main groupings chalcids!
raconids and ichneumonids" They come in many shapes and siFes! from pinhead small chalcids
to ichneumonids a few centimetres in length" They appear to ha#e a stinger in the rear! ut it is
only an o#ipositor" 0ll lay eggs in other insects or their lar#ae! including tomato hornworms and
aphids"
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"achhinid fliesare rarely noticed in the gardens as these ristly rown or gray insects resemle
the somewhat larger housefly" They are most acti#e on warm! sunny days and are parasites of
corn orers! tent caterpillars! cutworms and other lar#ae"
#ellow $acketsand hornets are not welcomed y most gardeners! ut they do collectcaterpillars! insects and lar#ae for themsel#es and their young in addition to animal matter!
pollen and honey"
%round beetlesare lack or dark rown! ut can appear right metallic green or lue in
sunlight" They usually hide under rocks! arks or other deris during the day and feed at night!
eating all kinds of insects! lar#ae! cutworms! and snails and slug eggs! to mention only a few of
their fa#ourites"
Rove beetles are sometimes confused with earwigs! although they lack pincers" 3lack or darkrown in colour! they are mainly sca#engers! often found in decaying matter"
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kill an insect unless you know it is or could ecome a pest as you might mistakenly kill a
eneficial"
2irds! &oads and (rogs
9hile many irds resort to eating seeds and dried erries in the winter and early spring! theysoon return to a high protein diet of insects and lar#ae when these food sources reappear" 0nd
they rarely eat #egetales in our gardens! although some do like a few cherries or erries
?netting can protect #ulnerale crops@" 0ttract natures insect eaters with water in the form of
an attracti#e irdath! and pro#ide housing for your fa#ourite species" &n spring and summer!
insects form +* of the diet of chickadeesE moths! caterpillars! flies! eetles! true ugs! plant
lice! scale! leafhoppers! and moreP 9rens can e attracted y nesting o%es! and ecause they
often raise more than one rood each year! they must collect large Huantities of insects" They
will e#en forage in the e#ening! and are reputed to catch earwigs! which ecome acti#e at this
time of the day" 5wallows and purple martins are legendary insect eaters! making flying pests
++ of their diet ?uild a martin or swallow house to attract these gardening allies@" >#en
starlings can e appreciated as they are reputed to e one of the few irds that will eat tent
caterpillars"
Toads can consume large Huantities of insects in the garden" 1ro#ide some water! a few cool
hiding places! and e careful when tilling and digging toads often urrow into the soil during
the daytime" &f your garden is near a pond or you ha#e installed one in your garden! you will
enefit from the insect appetite of frogs as well"
Other Contro"s
9hen the direct control of a specific pest is needed! handpick ?potato eetles@! utiliFepheromones ?,apanese eetles@! set out traps ?crumpled newspaper for earwigs@! use arriers
?floating row co#ers such as Reemay faric for onion maggots@! apply natural repellent solutions
?garlic and water@ or use 3t sparingly in certain cases ?for caageworms@" Ne#er use road2
spectrum insecticides! e#en if from a natural source ?e"g" rotenone@! as such sustances kill
eneficial insects as well as the pests" Time your plantings to miss the first and usually most
destructi#e generation of a pest if it is particularly othersome in your area" Meep a #igilant eye
out for insect plant lea#es for signs of damage or disease" 0lways remo#e wilted plants and look
for insects or lar#ae among their roots" 0nd finally! practice tolerance" :egetales and fruit
from a home garden need not look perfect discard some produce! cut away insect damage!
and enjoy the fla#our and nutrition of produce grown naturally in your own garden"
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CO00ON N*+C& PRO21+0*
0phids
?colourE #aries ut lar#ae are
usually red or green@
presence of ants
foliage curls
foliage turns
yellow
gently ru the ack of lea#es
to sHuish aphids
spray lea#es and stem with a
soapy water solution" Rinse"
Caageworms
?colourE green@
holes in lea#es
presence of
lack/dark green
droppings on lea#es
handpick worms
5lugs
?colourE rownish2red or grey!
depending on type of slug@
ragged holes in
lea#es
slimy trail
acti#e ) hours
after sunset and ) hoursefore sun rise
handpick after sunset with a
flashlight
create a arrier around plants
with crushed eggshells or wood
ashes
place shallow dishes of eer
or yeast/water mi%ture
9ireworms/Click eetles
?colourE worms are reddish
rown@
since worms eat
the roots of plants! plants
will wilt and then soon die
trap with potato peelings
scattered around garden"
check e#ery morning! then
collect and destroy
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Colorado 1otato 3eetle
?colourE orange and lack
stripedK eggs found on the
underside of lea#es are right
orange@
chew foliage of
peppers! tomatoes!
potatoes and eggplant
lea#e AskeletonsB
of lea#es
handpick eetles and orange
lar#ae
dust plants with cornmeal or
ran meal
hea#y mulch
Cutworm
?adultE nocturnal moth@ colourE
#aries from lack to grey to
rown@
Q nocturnal mothE adult
Q in the morning! youll
find your seedlings on the
ground! nipped off at
ground le#el
Q plants look chopped
down! and are left to die
Q make collars of cardoard for all
#aluale seedlings
Q dig around the ase of destroyed
seedlings! and destroy any cutworms
you find?they usually spend the day
underground eside the plant they
fed on the night efore@
>arwig
?colourE mainly lack with red
markings and pincers@
Q earwigs are often a
common sight
e#erywhere around the
garden
Q an in#erted flowerpot filled with
crumpled paper will attract them
Q in the morning! shake the
flowerpot into a pail of water to
drown the earwigs
Q plant your carrots ?which earwigs
lo#e@ early or late in the growing
season to outwit them
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2,C>+& GAR'+NNG
>#en if you li#e in an apartment or in a house with a small yard! you can still grow #egetales
and other plants in containers on your alcony or patio" 9ith a small ucket garden! you cana#oid many of the prolems of a large garden2 like weedsJ and still enjoy fresh #egetales that
you ha#e grown yourself"
&y%es of Containers
ou can use milk cartons! ig tin cans! plastic or metal uckets! garage
cans! peach askets! or anything else that you can find that could hold
soil"
1ut holes in the ottom of your ucket to let water out" ou can use a nail
to make the holes"
&he soi" needs to $e dee% enough for your %"ants= roots.
ou need soi" @ to inches dee%for plants like eans! lettuce! spring
onions! carrots! radishes! and spinach"
ou need soi" 5 foot B5;D dee%for tomatoes! sHuash! peppers! long
carrots"
The igger the container for your plants! the etter yield you can
e%pectJ
Good 2ucket P"ants
*unny 2a"cony? need more than @ hours of direct sun a day
2eans?ush eans are est" 1lant ; in an L wide pot"
&omatoes?cherry tomatoes are est! they need a 8 pot" (or igger tomatoes! they need a 4)
pot" Tomatoes need lots of sun and need to e tied up to a stick"
Pe%%ers?need lots of sun" Tie to a stick to hold them up" 1lant one in a 4) pot
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Radishes?plant ) inches apart! or three in a 8 pot" Ready to eat in a month"
*ummer *Euash! Fucchini?need ) foot ?)6@ deep and ) foot ?)6@ wide pot ?noteE uy #arieties
designed for growing in containers@
Cucum$ers #arieties designed for pot gardening"
*hady 2a"cony P"ants
2eets?plant ; apart! use when lea#es to L tall! or after two months
Carrots?plant ) apart" Ready to eat in two to three months
Chi#es! and Onions?need 8 wide pot
Gar"ic?plant garlic clo#es 8 apart! pick when the plant top dies
3er$s?all kinds grow well in pots! ring indoors in winter
1ettuce?plant leafy lettuce! 6 apart
*%inach?needs to e kept cool and wet! plant 8 apart
Care of %"ants
Water?9ater efore soil dries out or plant wilts! ?more often in ,uly and 0ugust@" &t can e #ery
windy on alconies which dries out your plants! so keep them watered" ou can also use mulch
on the soil to keep it moist" =ulch can e straw! lea#es! compost! newspaper!
aluminum foil! or lack plastic"
*un?&f your alcony is dark and shady! put tin foil on the soil to reflect sun onto
your plants"
4.DCGN/R,C )*4*
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Com%ost?0dd compost to your uckets to gi#e your plants e%tra food" =i% lots of compost with
the soil efore you plant ?half and half is est@"
nsects?3ecause there are less insects on high alconies! you might need to pollinate the
flowers on the plants to get fruits and #egetales" ou can use a paintrush to spread the pollenaround"
=ost pest insects can e killed y using a mi%ture of soap and water sprayed on the lea#es ?see
tips on pest control@"
+tending the growing season?&f you plant late! and your #egetales are not ready y the fall!
you can ring most plants inside to sit y a sunny window"
4LDCGN/R,C )*4*
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Water Conser#ationRaised 2eds /ersus ("at 2eds
(or efficient water conser#ation! prepare a soil surface for ma%imum water penetration" This
means planting in an area with is created to ensure that water stays in the root Fone of the
plant and does not run away from it to e wasted" >ffecti#e ways of doing this include a flat
surface! or if your soil is prone to flooding or is in a poorly drained wet area! a larger raised ed
with a flat surface on top may e preferale" &f using a raised ed! ensure that you create some
raised edges around the top of the raised ed to ensure the water stays in the ed and does not
run off down the side" 1lease note that raised eds can dry out much Huicker than a flat
surface" &n this case! mulch will help"
0u"ching and *oi" &i"th
=anaging soil tilth to include additional organic matter and compost will promote water
penetration and retention" (or ma%imum water conser#ation! apply compost to the soil surface
as mulch after transplanting and seeding" This will allow the cold spring soil to warm up efore
the application of the cooling mulch layer! thus enhancing seed germination and early spring
transplant #igour" The surface compost layer will conser#e water during the hot summer season
and keep root systems cooler" The compost layer can e worked into the soil at the end of the
growing season or in the early spring efore planting"
Cu"ti#ating and Weeding
0 numer of good gardening practices will help in conser#ation efforts" (or e%ample! donSt
plant in soils that are too cold22seeds wonSt grow satisfactorily! and water will not e properly
asored" (rom the start! weed control is #ery important in your garden" 9eeds waste water!
and they compete with #egetale plants for nutrients and sunlight" (or ma%imum water use!
maintain e%cellent weed control in your garden" &f you are not using a surface mulch! culti#ation
of the soil should e shallow" 'eep tillage or hoeing not only damages plant roots ut also
allows moisture to e#aporate" :ery shallow weed control with a scuffle or push hoe is est" ?0
scraping action with the scuffle hoe is est"@
4+DCGN/R,C )*4*
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,se Water Wise"y
Root )ones.9hen you use water! try to concentrate it in the plantsS rootFone" The less water you apply etween the rows where roots canSt use it!
the less water you lose to e#aporation" &n addition! water from a sprinkler
wonSt all reach the soil surface ecause of e#aporation22a loss of up to )"
5e#eral techniHues will help place the water in the root Fone where itSs
neededE
4" (or crops like sHuashes and cucumers that are usually grown in a hill! ury a juice or coffee
can with the ottom at root le#el" 1unch holes in the ottom of the can! so the water you
pour in it will reach the roots with a minimum of loss"
)" ou can irrigate indi#idual plants like tomatoes! peppers! and eggplants in the same
manner! using a slightly smaller can" 1unch the holes in the can only on the side ne%t to theplant"
'prinkler irrigation. &f you use this system! minimiFe water losses yE
4" using a sprinkler that will co#er the garden only! not the surrounding areaK
)" watering early in the morning when air is cool! wind is low! and water pressure is etter on
municipal systemsK or
;" using a rate of application that permits all water to soak in and not run off the garden area"
'oak the soil.9hen you water! thoroughly soak the soil to a depth of 8 to L inches and do it less
freHuently" 'epending on stage of growth and temperatures! watering once per week is usually
sufficient! and only then if you do not recei#e adeHuate rainfall during the period"
"ry closer rows.0 smaller area gardened more intensi#ely will produce more #egetales in
relation to water usage" ou can grow Huite a few #egetales much closer together than
traditional ) 2 to ;2foot rows" ou can place radishes! onions! eets! carrots! etc"! in rows as
close as 4 foot apart" This way! you make etter use of the water you apply in the root Fone" &n
addition! a soil shaded y #egetale lea#es loses less water y e#aporation to the atmosphere"
Container plantingof #egetales will use more water than in2ground gardening" Containers dry
much faster than garden eds and rows"
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When *hou"d P"ant 0y /egeta$"es
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P1AN&NG G,'+ O W (irst outdoor planting! V W 7ast possile planting! & W 5tart seeds indoors!
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2+AN**+ean amily-
P1AN&E ; to 6 inches apart! 4 inch deep
3ean seeds will not sprout in cold soil" 5o it is important
to plant seeds in the garden after the last frost of spring
?late =ay@
P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! cauliflower! cucumers! caages! corn!
radishes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Garlic! onion! chi#es! leeks! eets
CAR+E 3eans need a lot of sun
9ater often! dont let the soil dry out
&n hot weather! you can co#er the soil with a mulch! like
compost! to keep the soil moist
3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout L weeks
1ick when pods are small and tenderK if you wait too
long! the plant may stop producing eans
P+*&*E 0phids! ean eetles! irds! rodents! light! mildew
=arigolds and summer sa#ory keep the ean eetle
away
1lant ush eans and potatoes in neighouring rows2
the potatoes keep the ean eetle away and the eans
keep the potato ug away
NO&+*E 1lant climing eans ne%t to corn! the eans will clim
up the stalks
Turn the plants ack into the soil when they dieK ean
plants are high in nitrogen and are #ery good for the soil
);DCGN/R,C )*4*
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2++&**+eet amily-
P1AN&E The seeds should e planted 4 inch apart! then when
sprouted! thinned to 6 inches apart ?noteE you can eat
the young sprouted plants which you ha#e thinned@
1lant seeds in the garden in early spring! although your
early crop may e affected y leaf minor lar#ae"
ou can plant a second crop after you ha#e picked the
first
P1AN& N+ARE 3roccoli! caage! cauliflower! lettuce! onions! swiss
chard
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1ole eans ?climing eans@
CAR+E 3eets like lots of sun! ut can grow in some shade as
well
Need lots of water to keep the roots tender
1ut compost in the soil efore planting
3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout L weeks
ou can eat the lea#es and the roots
P+*&*E Cutworms! slugs! snails! leaf miners! rodents
NO&+*E The roots will stay good into the late fall if you co#er
them with a hea#y mulch! such as dry lea#es or strawK
sHuirrels may steal your eetsK chicken wire ?or mesh
wire@ can e used to co#er the planting area and
discourage the sHuirrels
)6DCGN/R,C )*4*
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2ROCCO1*Cabbage amily-
P1AN&E 4L inches apart! 4/) inch deep ?these plants need their
spaceJ@
Grows est if you start the seeds indoors in early spring
and transplant them to your garden up to ; weeks
efore the last frost or in the mid ,une for a fall har#est"
P1AN& N+ARE 3eets! caage! carrots! marigolds! nasturiums! thyme!
tomatoes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! mustard
CAR+E 3roccoli plants like cool temparatures! a lot of sun and
lo#e nutrient2rich soil
They need to e watered often! use a mulch in hot
weather to keep the soil from drying out
1ut compost in the soil efore planting
3AR/+*&E Ready to e picked in aout 48 weeks
&t is ready when the flowering head is ig enough to eat
and the uds are still tightly closed and green"
&f you wait too long! it will turn into yellow flowers
Cut off the head only! just ao#e the large lea#es! the
plant will produce smaller heads in week or two
P+*&*E 0phids! cutworms! root maggots! caage worms
)DCGN/R,C )*4*
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CA22AG+*Cabbage amily-
P1AN&E 4L inches apart! 4/) inch deep
Grows est if started indoors in early spring for an early
crop or seeded already in the garden in mid2,une for a
fall har#est"
1ut the small plants in your garden no more than ;
weeks efore the last frost"
P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! cucumers! spinach! celery! dill! onions!
potatoes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! tomatoes! pole eans ?climing eans@
CAR+E Caage plants like cool temperatures! lots of sun! ut
dont like to get too hot! so some shade is good too"
Caage likes lots of water when it is small" 9hen it is
ig dont water it as much or the head might split"
Caage will not thri#e in poor soil and therefore will
need a lot of nutrients ?e%ampleE a large amount of
compost worked into the soil@ to grow well"
3AR/+*&E Caage will e ready in aout 48 weeks"
Cut when the head has formed and feels firm"
P+*&*E 5lugs! snails! aphids! caage worms! cutworms! flea
eetles
5trong smelling hers like hyssop! thyme! wormwood!
rosemary and peppermint will keep the caage
utterfly away.
NO&+*E 'ont plant caage in the same place in your garden
e#ery year! or where you planted roccoli or cauliflower"
This will help to keep pests away from your plants"
)8DCGN/R,C )*4*
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CARRO&**Carrot amily-
P1AN&? &n rows! 4/) inch deep ?warningE seeds are #ery small! so
e careful to sow them thinly"@
'ig the soil well efore planting?compost can e added
to the soil at this time to make the soil less compact@"
1lant early or lateK late =ay or mid2,une is est"
P1AN& N+ARE 7ettuce! tomatoes! radishes! caage! onions! peas!
potatoes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 'ill! also ne%t to a pathway in your gardenK footsteps
could compact the soil and cause misshapen roots"
CAR+E Carrots will grow well with lots of sun! or with some
shade"
They need a lot of water when they are small ut cut
down on the water when they are ig to keep the root
from splitting"
3AR/+*&E Carrots are ready in aout 4* weeks"
1ull the plants with the largest tops" ou can feel
around in the soil to check the siFe of the root"
ou can lea#e the carrots in the ground until mid2
autumn ecause a few frosts often makes the root
sweeter"
P+*&*E The iggest danger to carrots is earwigs in the spring
?they lo#e the tender foliage@" Other changes include
carrot rust fly! cutworms! animals" 5trong smelling hers
like rosemary! sage and wormwood help keep the carrot
fly away" Crop rotation ?planting in a different location
e#ery year@ will pre#ent small worms which urrow into
the roots of carrots"
HH NO&+E Rocks in the soil will make the root split when it grows"
).DCGN/R,C )*4*
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CORN*%rass amily-
P1AN&E 6 inches apart! then thin later to L inches apart
1lant 4 inch deep to keep the irds from eating theseeds"
1lant seeds in the garden after the last spring frost"
1lant at the north end of the garden so it doesnt shade
your other plants"
Corn will grow est when planted in a lock of ; or 6
rows"
P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes! eans! cucumers! pumpkin! sHuash! melon
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! tomatoes
CAR+E Corn needs lots of sun! and therefore is est planted in alarger garden
Corn needs lots of nutrients! so add lots of compost to
the soil efore you plant"
3AR/+*&E Corn is ready in + to 4; weeks"
3reak off the ear when the silk turns rown"
Check the kernels" 9hen the juice from the kernels is
white! they are ready to e picked" &f the juice is clear!
they are not yet ready"
P+*&*E Corn orer! ear worm! irds! and animals ?noteE
sHuirrels will reak the young plants and raccoons will
steal the ripe cos@"
NO&+*E 1lant climing eans ne%t to corn" The eans like to
clim the corn stalks and they gi#e lots of nitrogen to
the soil! which is #ery good for the corn" 9hen the
eans die! lea#e the plant in the soil"
)LDCGN/R,C )*4*
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C,C,02+R*Cucumber amily-
P1AN&E 4* to 4) inch apart! 4/) inch deep
1lant seeds in the garden after the last spring frost"
5eeds est started indoors and then transplanted in late
=ay"
P1AN& N+ARE 3eans! peas! radishes! sunflowers! corn
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes! strong smelling hers
CAR+E Cucumer plants like a mi% of sun and shade"
They need lots of water so make sure the soil doesnt
dry out ?you can use a mulch to help keep the soil
moist@"
0dd some compost to the soil efore planting"
&n a small garden! it is est to grow eside a frame or
cage structure ?so that the plant #ines can grow Xup and
not take up a lot of space in your garden@"
3AR/+*&E Cucumers will e ready for picking in aout + weeks"
Cut cucumers off the #ine when they are a good siFe"
1ick them as soon as they are ready! or else the plant
will stop producing"
P+*&*E Cucumer eetle! aphids! nematodes! mildew! wilt
NO&+*E Cucumer plants can e trained to grow on a trellis or
frame"
)+DCGN/R,C )*4*
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+GGP1AN&*otato amily-
P1AN&E 4* to 4) inches apart
>ggplant grows est when planted
indoors in the early spring then mo#ed to
the garden after the last frost"
P1AN& N+ARE 3eans! peppers! tomatoes! potatoes
CAR+E >ggplant likes lots of sun"
>ggplant needs lots of water! e#en more
when it is growing fruit"
1ut compost in the soil efore planting"
3AR/+*&E >ggplant is ready to e picked in aout 4+ weeks"
1ick the fruit when they are dark and shiny"
P+*&*E Cut worms! flea eetles! wilt
NO&+*E To a#oid disease! dont plant eggplant in the same spot
during the ne%t growing season"
9hen planting eggplant! a#oid planting it where you
where you had planted tomato! potato! or pepper
plants in the pre#ious growing season"
;*DCGN/R,C )*4*
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GAR1C*/nion amily-
P1AN&E ; to 8 inches apart! inch deep
1lant clo#es of garlic with the pointy end up in your
garden 6 weeks efore the last spring frost"
&t is important to plant garlic when it is still a it cold
outside" 3etter results can come from planting garlic in
the fall for ne%t year like all uls"
P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower! tomatoes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! eans
CAR+E Garlic likes lots of sun"
'ont water too muchK garlic likes the soil to e a it dry"
3AR/+*&E Garlic will e ready to pick in 4* to 4) weeks"
1ull up the plant when the tops are dead and dry"
Cut off the top and lea#e the ul in the sun for a few
days to dry"
ou can store garlic in a cool! dark! dry place all winter"
P+*&*E Onion thrips! mildew
Not many pests other garlic! so it is good to plant
etween other plants in your garden to help keep the
ugs away"
;4DCGN/R,C )*4*
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1+&&,C+*(ettuce amily-
P1AN&E 5prinkle seed and co#er lightlyK later on! you can thin to
6 to 8 inches apart"
1lant seeds in the garden after the last frost"
ou can start the seeds indoors in the spring if you want
an early har#est"
ou can plant another crop e#ery 6 weeks"
P1AN& N+ARE 5trawerries! cucumers! carrots! radishes! eets
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower
CAR+E 7ettuce likes lots of sun in the spring! ut likes shade in
the hot summer ?noteE it grows well in containers@"
7ettuce likes lots of waterK if it doesnt get enough the
lea#es will taste itter"
0dd compost to the soil efore planting
3AR/+*&? 7ettuce will e ready in 6 to 8 weeks"
ou can pick it when the lea#es look ig enough to eat"
'ont wait too long! or your lettuce will start to flower"
P+*&*E 5lugs! cutworm! sow ugs! wire worms! snails! aphids
and animals"
;)DCGN/R,C )*4*
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ONON**/nion amily-
P1AN&E ; inches apart ?noteE est if
grown from Xsets of small
uls@"
1lant the seeds in your garden
after the last frost"
ou can plant the seeds indoors
in the spring if you want an
earlier har#est"
P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli! cauliflower! eets! strawerries!
tomatoes! lettuce! carrots
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1eas! eans! asparagus
CAR+E Onion likes sun ut will grow in some shade"
9ater well! ut stop when the tops fall o#er in mid
summer"
3AR/+*&E Onions are ready to e picked aout )* weeks after
planting"
Onions can also e picked and eaten when they are
smaller2 these are called green onions"
(or large onions! after you ha#e stopped watering them
for a few days! pull the plant up and lea#e it in the sun
to dry for a day or two" The tops and skins should e
dry" ou can then trim the roots efore storing them"
P+*&*E Onion fly maggot! thrips and mildew"
;;DCGN/R,C )*4*
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P+A**+ean amily-
P1AN&E ; inches apart! 4 inch deep
1lant seeds in your garden ; weeks efore the last frost
ou can plant a second crop two weeks later for a longer
har#est"
P1AN& N+ARE Carrots! turnips! radishes! cucumers! eans! potatoes
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Onion! garlic
CAR+E 1eas like lots of sun in the spring! likes more shade in
the summer"They like lots of water" Ne#er let the soil dry out use
mulch in the summer"
3est to ha#e stakes! sticks or a fence2like construction to
keep these #ine2like plants upright
3AR/+*&E 1eas will e ready to pick in aout 4* weeks"
The pods can e picked when they are small and eaten
whole! or you can wait until the peas are igger"
P+*&*E 0phids! irds! animals! mildew! wilt and rot
NO&+*E ou can train the plants to grow on a frame or trellis"
9hen the plants die! turn them into the soil! it will gi#e
the soil lots of nitrogen! which is good for your garden"
;6DCGN/R,C )*4*
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P+PP+R**otato amily-
P1AN&E 4* to 4) inches apart! 4/) inch deep
1lant the seeds indoors in the early spring and mo#e the
plants to your garden after the last frost ?noteE they are
#ery frost tender and may need to e co#ered in a cold
snap@"
P1AN& N+ARE 3asil! carrots! eggplant! onions! parsley! tomatoes
CAR+E 1eppers like lots of sun! ut if they are too hot! they
may drop their flowers! so make sure they get some
shade in the summer"
'ont water them too much! or their roots will rot"
3AR/+*&E 1eppers will e ready in aout 4+ weeks"
Cut the fruit when they look ig enough to eat"(or hot peppers! you must wait until the peppers
change colour efore you pick them"
P+*&*E Cutworms! flea eetles! aphids! hornworms! mildew!
wilt! rot
NO&+*E
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RA'*3+**Cabbage amily-
P1AN&E ; inches apart2 dont o#ercrowd themJ
1lant seeds in the garden ; weeks efore the last frost"
ou can plant more seeds e#ery ; or 6 weeks"
P1AN& N+ARE Cucumers! lettuce! melons! peas! nasturtiums! sHuash!
eans
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE
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*PNAC3*+eet amily-
P1AN&E 6 inches apart
1lant seeds in garden 6 or weeks efore the last spring
frost"
ou can plant another crop after you ha#e picked the
first one! or you can plant e#ery two weeks in spring"
P1AN& N+ARE Cauliflower! celery! eggplant! strawerries
CAR+E 5pinach likes lots of sun in the spring! ut needs shade
in the summer"
Gi#e spinach lots of water! more in hot weather"
'ont touch the lea#es when they are wet! you might
reak them"
1ull up all the weeds around your spinach! especially
when it is small"
3AR/+*&E 5pinach is ready to e picked in aout . weeks"
ou can cut the lea#es when they look ig enough to
eat! or you can pick the whole plant"
'ont wait too long! spinach will start to flower Huickly
in hot weather"
P+*&*E 7eaf miners! aphids
;LDCGN/R,C )*4*
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WN&+R *,00+R *K,A*3
BF,CC3ND *Cucumber amily-
P1AN&E &n hills ; to 8 feet apart! 4/) inch deep ?Fucchini closer!
winter sHuash farther apart@
1lant seeds in your garden after the last spring frost or
you can start your seedling indoors in 0pril and plant
outside in =ay"
P1AN& N+ARE Radishes! corn! cucumers! nasturtiums
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes
CAR+E Yucchini likes lots of sun and warm weather"
Yucchini likes lots of water! so dont let the soil dry out"
Try not to get the lea#es wet when you water it as this
can cause mildew"
0dd compost to the soil efore planting"
RememerE 5Huash #ines lo#e a lot of space
3AR/+*&E Yucchini is ready to e picked in aout L weeks"
Cut off the fruit when they are 8 to + inches long"9inter sHuash is ready in aout 4) weeks"
9ait until the first frost has killed the plant! then cut the
fruit off"
7ea#e them in the sun for a few days efore storing
them"
P+*&*E 5Huash #ine orer! sHuash ug! cucumer eetle! white
flies! mildew and wilt" 1lant radishes close y as a
protector for plant"
NO&+*E 1lant the seeds in hills! ; to 8 feet apart
5ome kinds of sHuash can e trained to grow on a
frameK there are special seed #arieties which produce
compact plants for small gardens"
9inter sHuash can keep all winter if you store the fruit
in a cool! dry place"
;+DCGN/R,C )*4*
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&O0A&O+**otato amily-
P1AN&E 4) inches apart! inch deep
5tart growing the seedsindoors in the early spring"
?0pril@" =o#e the plants into
your garden after the last
frost ?late =ay@"
P1AN& N+ARE Onions! chi#es! garlic! carrot!
parsley! marigold!
nasturtium! asparagus! asil!
sage! rosemary! eggplant!
peppers'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE Caage! roccoli!
cauliflower! corn! potatoes
CAR+E Tomatoes need lots of sun! e#en more when they are
growing fruit"
Tomatoes need lots of water" Ne#er let the soil dry out!
use mulch in hot weather"
se tomato Xcages to support the tall plants"
0dd compost to the soil efore planting" Meep plants
from drooping onto wet mulch which can rot your crop"0Important1 pick off yellow leaves from tomato and
remove them from the garden0
3AR/+*&E Tomatoes will e ready to e picked in aout 4. weeks"
7ea#e the fruit on the plant and pick them only when
they are red"
P+*&*E Cutworm! whitefly! wilt! and the Xlight which causes
the ottom lea#es of the plant to yellow
NO&+*E Cut off side ranches and yellow lea#es 2 this will make
your plant grow more tomatoes"
6*DCGN/R,C )*4*
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&,RNP*?Caage (amily@
P1AN&E 4 inch apart! inch deep ?thinning later to 6 to 8 inches
apart@
1lant seeds in your garden in the early spring"
ou can plant a second crop in the middle of the
summer"
P1AN& N+ARE 1eas
'ON=& P1AN& N+ARE 1otatoes
CAR+E Turnips will grow in some shade"
Turnips need lots of water to grow Huickly! ne#er let the
soil dry out"
3AR/+*&? Turnip roots are ready to e picked in aout L weeks"
1ull up the plant when the lea#es are aout 6 inches
across"
ou can eat the lea#es too"
P+*&*E 0phids! flea eetles
NO&+*E &f you are growing turnips late in the season! lea#e the
root in the ground for a few weeks after the first frost! it
will make the root taste sweeter"
64DCGN/R,C )*4*
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3ar#est &ime
The est part of gardening is when you finally get to pick the fruits and
#egetales you ha#e een working so hard to grow" 3ut what do you do
when you ha#e too many to eat while they are still fresh$
PR+*+R/NG? /isit www.justfood.cato find out when %reser#ing worksho%s wi""take %"ace.
There are lots of things you can do with your #egetales to keep them good through the winter"
:egetales can e lanched Huickly in oiling water! then put in ags or containers in
your freeFer"
:egetales can e dried! y slicing them thinly! laying them on a aking sheet! then
placed in your o#en! on very low heat! for an hour or two" Then you can store them in a
jar or ag in your cupoard"
=any people preser#e their fruits and #egetales in cans or jars" ou can make jam!
salsa! relish or pickles with many of the plants you grow in your garden" If they are
done properly! the jars of preser#es will keep well o#er the winter in your
cupoard" If not done properly! preser#es can cause food poisoning" 1lease
consult cookooks or local nutritionists for information on preser#ing techniHues!and food safety issues"
=any kinds of #egetales will keep well in a cool! dark place! such as a asement! o#er
the winter" 1otatoes! turnips! eets! carrots! onions! garlic! pumpkin and winter sHuash
are the est" =ake sure they are kept cool! and not too damp" Check regularly to watch
for possile decay" 5tore #egetales where they do not ha#e to e piled on top of each
other! and lightly co#er them to shield them from light and e%treme temperature
changes"
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Pre%aring for Winter
3y the first frost! you should ha#e picked most of your #egetales! as the frost will kill or
damage most plants! like tomatoes! summer sEuashand %e%%ers" 3ut some plants will
keep growing after the frost! and actually taste etter if they are left in the garden wellinto the fall" Parsni%s! ka"e! "ettuce! onions! radish! carrots! turni%s! s%inachand $eets
are some plants that will grow after the frost" Other plants can e#en e planted in the
fall! left in the garden to grow all winter! and picked in the spring" Gar"icand s%inachare
two of these plants"
The fall is also a good time to get your garden ready for ne%t spring" 0fter you ha#e
har#ested your #egetales! pull out the dead plants" ou can put them in your compost
pile! ut if they ha#e a disease! it is est to put them in the garage or fireplace" 9hen
this is done! dig your garden to loosen the soil! and add compost to make your soil
healthy and ready for when you plant in the spring"
0nother way to make your soil healthy for the spring is to plant a co#er cro%" This is a
plant that grows in cold weather and also adds #aluale nutrients to the soil as it grows"
&n the spring! you would turn the plant under into the soil efore planting your garden"
5ome good co#er crops are Rye Grass! white c"o#er! winter wheator $ar"ey?plant in
mid25eptemer@"
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G1O**AR
2eneficia"s 2 These are irds! insects or wild plants that are good for your garden" The irds
and insects might eat some of the harmful pests in your garden" 5ome wild plants attract
these eneficial animals and ugs! or ha#e odours that repel pests! so you want to keepthem in your garden"
2"ight2 Causes ottom lea#es of tomato plant to yellow and kills the rest of the plant as the
light spreads up the stem"
2t - Or A3acillus thuringiensisB is an effecti#eXorganic pesticide sold under such trade names
as 'ipel or 5ok23t" 5old in concentrated form! it is a solution of acterial spores which is
diluted with water efore eings applied to plants"
Com%anion P"anting2 5ome plants grow etter when they are near other plants! like eansand corn" 5ome plants also help to keep pests away! so they can e grown near plants that
ha#e prolems with pests" ou may choose to further research this"
Com%ost 2 1lant and #egetale matter that is partially decomposed" Compost can e used as
a fertiliFer for the soil! or as a mulch"
Co#er Cro%s2 These are plants that are grown in your garden at the end of the season! left
through the winter! and turned under to add nutrients to the soil efore you plant in the
spring"
Cro% Rotation2 9hen you mo#e plants or families of plants to a different part of the garden
each year" This helps to a#oid pests and keeps the soil healthy"
+ye 2 This is what the eginnings of a sprouted plant on a potato root is called"
(erti"iLer 2 5omething that adds nutrients to the soil to make the soil healthier and plants
grow etter"
(rame 2 0 wood or metal construction which acts as a support for #ine plants such as
cucumers and sHuash"
(rost B(irst and 1astD2 The last frost in the Ottawa area usually occurs in =ay! and is the last
time that plants might freeFe at night if they are outside" =any plants should not e planted
outside until after this date" The first frost usually happens late in 5eptemer in Ottawa and
many plants need to e har#ested efore this date"
3ar#est 2 9hen your plants and #egetales are ready to e picked"
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0u"ch2 0 co#er on the soil that helps to stop the growth of weeds! and keeps the soil cool
and damp.
Organic Gardening 2 0 way of growing plants without using harmful chemicals for pesticides
or fertiliFers. Organic gardeners use methods like companion planting! crop rotation!
composting and mulching to keep their garden healthy"
Pest2 0n insect! animal or disease that is damaging or eating your plants"
Root /egeta$"es 2 These are plants that we grow for their roots" The root is the part of the
plant that grows in the ground" Carrots and radishes are root #egetales" Other kinds of roots
?including potatoes@ are called tuers" There are also roots that are uls! for e%ample!
onions and garlic are uls"
*uccession P"anting2 (or Huick growing plants! you can plant a second or third crop after the
first one has een har#ested" ou can follow the guidelines for crop rotation when succession
planting as well! to help keep your soil healthy"
&hinning2 9hen your seeds start to grow! you may need to pull out some of the small plants
to gi#e the other ones room to grow"
&rans%"ant2 To mo#e a plant from one place to another! like when you mo#e small plants
started indoors to your garden in the spring"
&re""is 2 0 ladder or fence2like structure that can e used for your climing plants! like
cucumers! peas or eans! to gi#e them support and something to clim on"
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The %arden %uide was created y the
Community Gardening Network of Ottawa/Rseau de jardinage
communautaires dOttawa ?CGN/R,C@"
9e would like to send a ig Tnglish in (rench"
mailto:[email protected]://www.justfood.ca/mailto:[email protected]://www.justfood.ca/