Gardner’s EIGHT INTELLIGENCES

Howard Gardner’s theory• Howard Gardner defines intelligence as

"the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting" (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Using biological as well as cultural research, he formulated a list of seven intelligences. This new outlook on intelligence differs greatly from the traditional view that usually recognizes only two intelligences, verbal and mathematical.

Who is Howard Gardner?

• Howard Gardner is a psychologist and Professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education.

• Based on his study of many people, Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences.

• Gardner defines intelligence as “ability to solve problems or to create products which are valued in one or more cultural settings.”

• According to Gardner, 8 different types of intelligence are displayed by humans.

Gardner’s Intelligences:

• Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

• Linguistic Intelligence • Spatial Intelligence

• Musical Intelligence • Bodily-Kinesthetic

Intelligence • Interpersonal Intelligence

• Intrapersonal Intelligence

• Naturalist Intelligence

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

consists of the ability to:• detect patterns • reason deductively • think logically • This intelligence is most often

associated with scientific and mathematical thinking.

Famous examples: Albert Einstein, John Dewey.

Linguistic Intelligence

• involves having a mastery of languagea mastery of language • This intelligence includes the the ability to effectively manipulate ability to effectively manipulate languagelanguage to express oneself rhetorically or poetically.

• It also allows one to use language as language as a means to remembera means to remember information.

• Famous examples: Charles Dickens, Abraham Lincoln, T.S. Eliot, Sir Winston Churchill.

Spatial Intelligence

•gives one the ability to manipulate and create mental images in order to solve problems.

•This intelligence is not limited to visual domains--Gardner notes that spatial intelligence is also formed in blind children.

• Famous examples: Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright

Musical Intelligence

encompasses the capability to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.

(Auditory functions are required for a person to

develop this intelligence in relation to pitch and tone, but these functions would not be needed for the knowledge of rhythm.) Famous examples: Mozart, Leonard Bernstein, Ray

Charles.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

• is the ability to use one's mental abilities to coordinate one's own bodily movements. This intelligence challenges the popular belief that mental and physical activity are unrelated.

• The ability to use your body skillfully to solve problems, create products or present ideas and emotions.

• An ability obviously displayed for athletic pursuits, dancing, acting, artistically, or in building and construction.

• You can include surgeons in this category but many people who are physically talented–"good with their hands"–don't recognize that this form of intelligence is of equal value to the other intelligences.

• Famous examples: Charlie Chaplin, Michael Jordan.

Interpersonal Intelligence

• The ability to work effectively with otherswork effectively with others• to relate to other peoplerelate to other people• display empathyempathy and understandingunderstanding• notice their motivations and goals.motivations and goals. • This is a vital human intelligence displayed by

good teachers, facilitators, therapists, good teachers, facilitators, therapists, politicians, religious leaders and sales politicians, religious leaders and sales people.people.

• Famous examples: Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, Mother Teresa, Oprah Winfrey.

Intrapersonal Intelligence

The ability for self-analysis and reflection–to be able to:

• quietly contemplate and assess one's accomplishments

• review one's behavior and innermost feelings• make plans and set goals• know oneself

• Philosophers, counselors, and many peak performers in all fields of endeavor have this form of intelligence.

Famous examples: Freud, Eleanor Roosevelt, Plato.

Naturalist intelligence • designates the human ability to designates the human ability to

discriminate among living things discriminate among living things (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural world to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). (clouds, rock configurations).

• to make distinctions in the natural world and to use this ability

productively–for example in hunting, farming, or biological science. • Farmers, botanists, conservationists, Farmers, botanists, conservationists,

biologists, environmentalists would all biologists, environmentalists would all display aspects of the intelligence. display aspects of the intelligence.

• Famous examples: Charles Darwin, Rachel Carson.

Can we be more than one?Can we be more than one?

Yes! • Although the intelligences are anatomically separated from each other,

Gardner claims that the eight intelligences very rarely operate independently.

• Rather, the intelligences are used concurrently and typically complement each other as individuals develop skills or solve problems.

For example, a dancer can excel in his art only if he/she has For example, a dancer can excel in his art only if he/she has  • strong musical intelligence to understand the rhythm and

variations of the music 

• bodily-kinesthetic intelligence to provide him with the agility and coordination to complete the movements successfully

• interpersonal intelligence to understand how he can inspire or emotionally move his audience through his movements

The End.