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G A S L I F T

S U C K E R R O D P U M P

E L E C T R I C S U B M E R S I B L E P U M P

O T H E R S

Artificial Lift Methods1

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Materi Kuliah

IPedah!l!a Artificial LiftMethods

IIGas Lift Method

IIIElectric S!"#ersi"le P!#$

IVS!c%er Rod P!#$

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Pendahuluan Artificial Lift Wells (1)3

Sistem Sumur Reservoir – Dasar Sumur Perforasi u!in" # Well Ke$ala Sumur %ho&e 'loline Manifold Se$arator

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Production system represented as a network withbranches and loops.

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Pendahuluan Artificial Lift Wells (*)

P &f

P &h Pse$

P &f

P &hPse$

Pwf =Psep+dPf +dPt

Pwf

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Pendahuluan Artificial Lift Wells (3)

,ntu& men"an"&at fluidasumur-

Menurun&an "radienaliran dalam tu!in"

Mem!eri&an ener".tam!ahan di dalam sumuruntu& mendoron" fluidasumur &e $ermu&aan

P &f

P &hPse$

No - Flow Well

Eer'()

/

0radien

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Pendahuluan Artificial Lift Wells ()

0as Lift Well 2SP Well Suc&er Rod Pum$ Well

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Gas Lift

Method

0as Lift Well S.stem

0as Lift Well %om$onent Performance of 2ach

%om$onent

•

4

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Pendahuluan 0as Lift (1)5

Persamaan ,mumPressure Loss

Pen"uran"an densitasfluida a&an memnurun&an"radien aliran

dZ

L

dZ

dv

g

v

g

g

dZ

dp w

cc ρ

ρ

ρ −−−=

d g 2

v f )

dL

dp(

c

2

f

P &f

P &hPse$

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P26DA7,L,A6 0AS L8' (*)

Desitas Ca#$!ra

Gradiet Ele*asi Gradiet Fri%si

Gradiet A%selerasi

)

)

19

µ

ρ vd N =Re

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P26DA7,L,A6 0AS L8' (3)

P &f

P &hPse$Pwf Psep+(dPf +dPt)

Berkurang

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0AS L8' (1)1*

0as lift technolo". increases oil$roduction rate !. in:ection ofcom$ressed "as into the loersection of tu!in" throu"h thecasin"–tu!in" annulus and anorifice installed in the tu!in" strin";

,$on enterin" the tu!in"< thecom$ressed "as affects li=uid flo into a.s-

(a) the ener". of e+$asio$ro$els ,$!shes- the oil to thesurface and

(!) the "as aerates the oil so that theeffecti*e desit( of the fl!id isless and< thus< easier to "et to thesurface;

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13

SURFACE COMPO.E.TS

SUB/SURFACE COMPO.E.TS

RESER0OIR COMPO.E.TS

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1

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Detail 0as Lift Surface >$eration1+

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1/

Sistem Sumur Gas Lift

Gas Injection Line

Pt

P

c

Compressor Subsystem• intake system• outlet system• choke• pressure gauge

• injection rate metering

Flow Line

Separator

Wellhead Su!s.stem -

• Production su!s.stem• ellhead• $roduction cho&e• $ressure "au"e

• 8n:ection su!s.stem• in:ection cho&e

?alve

Su!s .stem Well!ore Su!s.stem-• $erforation interval• tu!in" shoe• $ac&er

Se$arator Su!s.stem-• se$arator• manifold• $ressure "au"es• flo meterin"

,nloadin" 0as LiftMandrells

0as 8n:ection ?alve

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1

%om$ressor [email protected]

∆Pgas

Compressor

Wellhead

Se$arator

Pinta&e Pdischar"e

7orse Poer%om$ressor

Pin:ectionellhead

Pin:ectionellheadBPdischar"e @ ∆P

1'as1

'as

Wellhead

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Wellhead [email protected]

Production%ho&e

8n:ection%ho&e

Surface 8n:ectionPressure

WellheadPressure

Gas I2ectio

Prod!ctio Fl!id

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0as Lift ?alve [email protected]

Pt

P

c

Pc

Pt

Gas

I2e%si

Fl!idaProd!%si

Pc 3 Pt

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0as Lift ?alve*9

GasI2ectio

T!"i'Press!re

Close coditio O$e coditio

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Kriteria >$erasi Sumur 0as Lift*1

here are four cate"ories of ells in hich a "as lift can !e considered-

7i"h $roductivit. indeC

(P8)< hi"h !ottom@hole$ressure ells 7i"h P8< lo !ottom@

hole $ressure ells Lo P8< hi"h !ottom@

hole $ressure ells Lo P8< lo !ottom@hole

$ressure ells

Wells havin" a P8 of 9;+9 orless are classified as lo$roductivit. ells;

Wells havin" a P8 "reaterthan 9;+9 are classified as

hi"h $roductivit. ells;7i"h !ottom@hole $ressures

ill su$$ort a fluid columne=ual to 9 of the ell

de$th;Lo !ottom@hole $ressures

ill su$$ort a fluid columnless than 9 of the ellde$th;

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Coti!o!s Gas Lift Iter#ittet Gas Lift

A continuous "as lift o$erationis a stead.@state flo of the

aerated fluid from the !ottom(or near !ottom) of the ell to

the surface;

%ontinuous "as lift method isused in ells ith a hi"h P8

(9-+ st!Bda.B$si) and areasona!l. hi"h reservoir

$ressure relative to ell de$th;

8ntermittent "as lift o$eration is

characteriEed !. a start@and@sto$ flo from the !ottom (ornear !ottom) of the ell to thesurface; his is unstead. state

flo;

8ntermittent "as lift method issuita!le to ells ith (1) hi"h P8and lo reservoir $ressure or(*) lo P8 and lo reservoir

$ressure;

**

* .$es of 0as Lift >$eration

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*3

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Materi Perencanaan Sumur 0as Lift*

his cha$ter covers !asic s.stem en"ineerin" desi"nfundamentals for "as lift o$erations;

Relevant to$ics include the folloin"-

1; Li=uid flo anal.sis for evaluation of "as lift $otential

*; 0as flo anal.sis for determination of lift "as com$ressionre=uirements

3; ,nloadin" $rocess anal.sis for s$acin" su!surface valves

; ?alve characteristics anal.sis for su!surface valve selection

+; 8nstallation desi"n for continuous and intermittent lifts.stems;

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2valuation of 0as Lift Potential*+

2valuation of "as lift $otential re=uires s.stem anal.sesto determine ell o$eratin" $oints for various lift "asavaila!ilities;

he $rinci$le is !ased on the fact that there is onl. one$ressure at a "iven $oint (node) in an. s.stemF nomatter< the $ressure is estimated !ased on theinformation from u$stream (inflo) or donstream(outflo);

he node of anal.sis is usuall. chosen to !e the "asin:ection $oint inside the tu!in"< althou"h !ottom holeis often used as a solution node;

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0as 8n:ection Rates*/

'our "as in:ection rates are si"nificant in the o$erationof "as lift installations-

1; 8n:ection rates of "as that result in no li=uid (oil or ater) flou$ the tu!in"; he "as amount is insufficient to lift the li=uid; 8f

the "as enters the tu!in" at an eCtremel. lo rate< it ill rise tothe surface in small semi@s$heres (!u!!l. flo);

*; 8n:ection rates of maCimum efficienc. here a minimum volumeof "as is re=uired to lift a "iven amount of li=uid;

3; 8n:ection rate for maCimum li=uid flo rate at the GGo$timum

0LR;HH; 8n:ection rate of no li=uid flo !ecause of eCcessive "as in:ection;

his occurs hen the friction ($i$e) $roduced !. the "as$revents li=uid from enterin" the tu!in"

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T H E G A S I S I . 4 E C T E D C O . T I . U O U S L 5 T O A . . U L U S

*

%>686,>,S 0AS L8'

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Parameter Desi"n*4

Iumlah "as in:e&si .an" tersedia

Iumlah "as in:e&si .an" di!utuh&an

e&anan 0as 8n:e&si .an" di!utuh&an di setia$

sumure&anan Kom$resor .an" di!utuh&an

,&uran ?alve 0as Lift

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%ontinuous 0as Lift >$eration*5

he tu!in" is filled ithreservoir fluid !elo thein:ection $oint and iththe miCture of reservoir

fluid and in:ected "asa!ove the in:ection $oint;he $ressure relationshi$is shon in 'i"; 13;;

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0as Lift >$erationPressure vs De$th

39

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Uli#ited a#o!t of lift'as

Li#ited a#o!t of 'as

8n a field@scale valuation< ifan unlimited amount of lift

"as is availa!le for a "iven"as lift $ro:ect< the in:ection

rate of "as to individual ellsshould !e o$timiEed to

maCimiEe oil $roduction ofeach ell;

8f onl. a limited amount of"as is availa!le for the "as

lift< the "as should !edistri!uted to individual

ells !ased on $redicted ellliftin" $erformance< that is<

the ells that ill $roduce oilat hi"her rates at a "ivenamount of lift "as are

$refera!l. chosen to receivemore lift "as;

31

Availa!ilit. amount of 0as 8n:ection

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Ke!utuhan 0as 8n:e&si (1)3*

6odal Anal.sis- 8PR %urve u!in" Performance

%urve

0LR formasi ?ariasi 0LR

0LR@total (assume)

J"@in: B Jtotal – J=@f

Plot J"@in: vs Jli=uid

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Laju Produksi, stb/d

T e k a n a n A l i r D a s a r S u

m u r , p s i

IPR

200 scf/stb

400 scf/stb

600 scf/stb

800 scf/stb

1000 scf/stb

1200 scf/stb

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Ke!utuhan 0as 8n:e&si (*)33

J"@in: ma&a Jli= Pertam!ahan Jli= ma&in

&ecil den"an ma&inmenin"&atn.a J"@in:

Sam$ai suatu saatden"an $ertam!ahan J"@

in:< Jli= !er&uran"

iti& $unca& dimana Jli= ma&simum dise!utse!a"ai Jo$timum

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Perbandingan Gas-Cairan, scf/stb

L a j u P r o d u k s i , s t

b

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,nlimited 0as 8n:ection %ase3

8f an unlimited amount of "aslift "as is availa!le for a ell<the ell should receive a lift"as in:ection rate that .ieldsthe o$timum 0LR in the tu!in"

so that the floin" !ottom@hole$ressure is minimiEed< andthus< oil $roduction ismaCimiEed;

he o$timum 0LR is li=uid

flo rate de$endent and can !efound from traditional "radientcurves such as those "enerated

!. 0il!ert (0il!ert< 15+);

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400


L a j u P r o d u k s i , s t b

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,nlimited 0as 8n:ection %ase3+

After the s.stem anal.sisis com$leted ith theo$timum 0LRs in thetu!in" a!ove the

in:ection $oint< theeC$ected li=uid$roduction rate (ell$otential) is &non;

he re=uired in:ection0LR to the ell can !ecalculated !.

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Limited amount of "as in:ection3/

8f a limited amount of"as lift "as is availa!le fora ell< the ell $otentialshould !e estimated

!ased on 0LR eC$ressedas

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400


L a j u P r o d u k s i , s t

b

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0as 'lo Rate Re=uirement3

he total "as flo rate of the com$ression stationshould !e desi"ned on the !asis of "as lift at $ea%o$erati' coditio for all the ells ith a safet.factor for s.stem lea& consideration< that is<

here=" B total out$ut "as flo rate of the com$ression station< scf#da.

Sf B safet. factor< 1;9+ or hi"her

6 B num!er of ells

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>ut$ut 0as Pressure Re=uirement ()34

Accurate determination of thesurface in:ection $ressure $c

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,$@Stream %ho&e # 8n:ection %ho&e35

he $ressure u$stream of thein:ection cho&e de$ends on flocondition at the cho&e< that is<sonic or su!sonic flo;

Whether a sonic flo eCistsde$ends on a donstream@

tou$stream $ressure ratio; 8f this$ressure ratio is less than a critical$ressure ratio< sonic (critical) floeCists;

8f this $ressure ratio is "reater thanor e=ual to the critical $ressure

ratio< su!sonic (su!critical) floeCists; he critical $ressure ratiothrou"h cho&es is eC$ressed as

Production%ho&e

I2ectio

Cho%e

Surface 8n:ectionPressure

WellheadPressure

Gas I2ectio

Prod!ctio Fl!id

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0as Lift 8n:ection Parameters9

%om$ressorPressure

P f

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Point of 8n:ection1

vvf vc P P P ∆+=,

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Point of alanced*

vvf vc P P P ∆+=,

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3

Rb! tgl 3 Feb"!"i 2010# $% 17&30#

%en$elng %s!' $ln (ol )"esi'-

*!"b+

S2LAMA

S8A60;;

'e!ruar.< 5

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S!$er Cell at Kasas 6TOR.ADO7 S!ra"a(a

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+

Point of 8n:ection

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>ut$ut 0as Pressure Re=uirement (1)/

Kic&off of a dead ell (non@natural floin") re=uiresmuch hi"her com$ressorout$ut $ressures than theultimate "oal of stead.

$roduction (either !.continuous "as lift or !.intermittent "as lifto$erations);Mo!il

com$ressor trailers areused for the &ic&offo$erations;

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>ut$ut 0as Pressure Re=uirement (*)

he out$ut $ressure of the com$ression station should !e desi"ned on the !asis of the "as distri!ution $ressure under normal flo conditions< not the&ic&off conditions; 8t can !e eC$ressed as

L

f

out P

S P =

∆Pgas

Compressor

Wellhead

Se$arator

Pinta&e Pdischar"e

7orse Poer%om$ressor

Pin:ectionellhead


1'as 1'as

Wellhead

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%>MPR2SS>R 4

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>ut$ut 0as Pressure Re=uirement (3)5

he in:ection $ressure at valvede$th in the casin" side can !e

eC$ressed as-

8t is a common $ractice to use∆$ v B 199 $si; he re=uired siEe

of the orifice can !e determinedusin" the cho&e@flo e=uations$resented in Su!section13;;*;3

vvt vc P P P ∆+= ,,

Pt

P

c

Pc

Pt

GasI2e%si

Fl!idaProd!%si

Pc 3 Pt

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e&anan u!in" ?alve 0as Lift+9

P &f ∆$ tu!in"

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G A S L I F T P E R F O R M A . C E C U R 0 E

+1

0as 8n:e&si .an" di$erlu&an

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0as 8n:ection Allocation

0as Lift @ Desi"n

+*

LIMITED TOTAL GAS I.4ECTIO.

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Distri!usi 0as 8n:e&si

0as Lift @ Desi"n

+3

Well A

Well B

Well C

Well D

Well E

Lapangan Minyak !"

Co#$ressor

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0as Lift @ Desi"n +

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0as Lift @ Desi"n ++

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0as Lift @ Desi"n +/

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0as Lift @ Desi"n +

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0as Lift @ Desi"n +4

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0as Lift @ Desi"n +5

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0as Lift @ Desi"n /9

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0as Lift @ Desi"n /*

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0as Lift @ Desi"n /

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0as Lift @ Desi"n /+

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0as Lift @ Desi"n //

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0as Lift @ Desi"n /

/4

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Test 89

'e!ruar. 11<

*919

/4

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U . L O A D I . G P R O C E S SG A S L I F T : E L L S

/5

,nloadin" Proces

P i > i S 0 Lift

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Persia$an >$erasi Sumur 0as Lift9

A7AP >

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A7AP >1

Katu$ ,nloadin" sudahdi$asan";

Sumur masih diisi&illin" fluid

'luida $rodu&si masih !elum men"alir &edalam tu!in"

?alve 1 - er!u&a

?alve * - er!u&a

?alve 3 - er!u&a

?alve - er!u&a

Permu&aanKillin" fluid

.o flo& %ho&eutu$

h 8

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aha$ 8*

Pada 0am!ar 1 ditun:u&&an $enam$an"sumur .an" sia$ dila&u&an $roses$en"oson"an (unloadin"); Pada tu!in"telah di$asan" em$at &atu$< .an" terdiridari 3 &atu$< .aitu &atu$ (1)< (*) dan (3)< .an" a&an !erfun"si se!a"ai &atu$unloadin"; Sedan"&an &atu$ () a&an

!erfun"si se!a"ai &atu$ o$erasi; Se!elumdila&u&an in:e&si semua &atu$ dalam&eadaan ter!u&a;

Sumur !erisi cairan or&@over<ditun:u&&an den"an arna !iru< dan$unca& cairan !erada diatas &atu$unloadin" (1);

0as mulai diin:e&si&an< ma&a "as a&anmene&an $ermu&aan cairan or& over&e!aah< dan $enurunan $ermu&aancairan ini a&an menca$ai &atu$ unloadin"(1); Pada saat ini "as a&an men"alir dalamtu!in" melalui &atu$ (1) .an" ter!u&a;

?alve 1 - er!u&a

?alve * - er!u&a

?alve 3 - er!u&a

?alve - er!u&a


.o flo&

h 88

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aha$ 883

Pada 0am!ar * "as in:e&si mendoron"$ermu&aan cairan or&@over< dan telahme@lam$aui &atu$ unloadin" (1) danmenca$ai &atu$ unloadin" (*); Pada saatini &atu$ unloadin" (1) tertutu$ dan "asin:e&si mendoron" $ermu&aan cairan&e!aah;

a"ian !aah tu!in" .an" semula !erisicairan or&@over ditem$ati oleh fluidafor@masi;

Pada saat ini "as a&an masu& &edalamtu!in"< melalui &atu$ unloadin" (*) .an"ter!u&a; Den"an masu&n.a "as in:e&siterse!ut &edalam tu!in" ma&a &olom

cairan dalam tu!in" a&an le!ih rin"andan aliran cairan or& over &e$ermu&aan a&an !erlan:ut;

?alve * - er!u&a

?alve 3 - er!u&a

?alve - er!u&a

?alve 1 - ertutu$


Permu&aan'luida Res;

h 888

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aha$ 888

Pada 0am!ar 3 "as in:e&si mendoron"$ermu&aan cairan or&@over< sam$ai me@lam$aui &atu$ unloadin" (1)< (*) dan (3);Setia$ saat $ermu&aan &olom cairan or&@over menca$ai &atu$ unloadin"<ma&a "as in:e&si a&an men"alir masu&&edalam tu!in" dan aliran cairan or&@over dalam tu!in" a&an teta$ !erlan"sun"; Ii&a $er@mu&aan &olomcairan or&@over menca$ai &atu$unlaodin" (3)< ma&a &atu$ unloadin" (*)a&an tertutu$< dan "as in:e&si a&an masu&melalui &atu$ unloadin" (3);

Selama ini $ula $ermu&aan cairan formasia&an !er"era& &e $ermu&aan; Pada saatcairan or&@over menca$ai &atu$tera&hir< .aitu &atu$ o$erasi ()< ma&a&atu$ unloadin" (3) a&an tertutu$ danseluruh cairan or&@over telah teran"&atsemua &e $ermu&aan< dan han.a &atu$o$erasi .an" ter!u&a;


Permu&aan

'luida Res;

?alve 1 - ertutu$

?alve * - ertutu$

?alve 3 - ertutu$

?alve - er!u&a

A7AP 8?

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A7AP 8? +

Pada 0am!ar ditun:u&&an !ahasemua cairan or&@over telahteran"&at dan sumur !er$rodu&sisecara sem!ur !uatan;

Katu$ o$erasi () a&an teta$ter!u&a< se!a"ai :alan masu& "asin:e&si &edalam tu!in"; Katu$ inidihara$&an da$at !e&er:a dalam

a&tu .an" lama; Dimasamendatan" a&an ter:adi $eru!ahan$er!andin"an "as@cairan dariformasi< .an" cenderun" menurunserta $enin"&atan $rodu&si air<ma&a :umlah "as in:e&si da$atditin"&at&an dan dihara$&an &atu$

in:e&si da$at menam$un"$enin"&atan la:u in:e&si "asterse!ut; Den"an demi&ian$emilihan u&uran &atu$ in:e&si$erlu direncana&an den"an !ai&;

'luidaProdu&si

?alve 1 - ertutu$

?alve * - ertutu$

?alve 3 - ertutu$

?alve - er!u&a

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/

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G A S L I F T 0 A L 0 E

G A S L I F T 0 A L 0 E M E C H A . I C S

,nloadin" ?alves Desi"n

Gas Lift 0al*e

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Gas Lift 0al*e4

Gas Lift 0al*e

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Gas Lift 0al*e5

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49

Cotoh Pea#$a'S!#!r Gas Lift

N 0as Lift Mandrell0as Lift ?alves0as Lift ?alves-•

Mandrell O Dumm. ?alves• Mandrell O ?alves

?alves >$eratin" %onditions-• %asin" $ressure• est Rac& >$enin" Pressure

• Port SiEe• em$erature La!;• Ienis ?alves

0as Lift ?alve

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0as Lift ?alve41

Pt

P

c

Pc

Pt

GasI2e%si

Fl!idaProd!%si

Pc 3 Pt

Penam$an" 0as Lift ?alve

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Penam$an" 0as Lift ?alve4*

Ienis 0as Lift ?alves

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Ienis 0as Lift ?alves43

0as Lift ?alve

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0as Lift ?alve4

GasI2ectio

T!"i'Press!re

Close coditio O$e coditio

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M E K A . I K A 0 A L 0 E

C L O S I . G ; O P E . I . G P R E S S U R E

4+

?alve Mechanics

Me&ani&a ?alve (Mem!u&aOMenutu$)

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Me&ani&a ?alve (Mem!u&aOMenutu$)4/

Dome !erisi "as 6itro"en .an"mem$un.ai te&anan tertentu;

0as 6itro"en ini mene&an !a"ian dasar dome< Pd< $ada

luas $enam$an" !ello< A!Port ter!u&a untu& dilalui "as

masu& &edalam tu!in"< :i&au:un" stem tida& menem$el$ada $ort;

Ii&a "a.a mem!u&a sedi&itle!ih !esar dari "a.a menutu$;

Posisi ?alve ertutu$

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Posisi ?alve ertutu$4

Per&alian antara te&anan dalam

dome< Pd< den"an luas $enam$an" !ello< A!< men"hasil&an "a.a&e!aah .an" mendoron" stemdan u:un" stem &e!aah< sehin""amenutu$ $ort; 0a.a ini dise!utse!a"ai "a.a menutu$;

0a.a menutu$B 'c B Pd A !

Posisi ?alve er!u&a

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Posisi ?alve er!u&a44

0a.a mem!u&a ini !erasal darite&anan "as in:e&si dari anulus<Pc .an" mene&an !ello &eatas< $ada luas $enam$an"efe&tif se!esar (A!@A$) sertate&anan fluida dari tu!in"< Pt

(melalui $ort) .an" mene&anu:un" stem &eatas;

0a.a mem!u&a B

Pc (A! @ A$) O Pt A$

Keseim!an"an 0a.a Mem!u&a dan Menutu$

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Keseim!an"an 0a.a Mem!u&a dan Menutu$45

Dalam &eadaan seim!an"< .aitu sesaat &atu$ a&anmem!u&a< "a.a mem!u&a sama den"an "a.a menutu$< halini da$at din.ata&an se!a"ai !eri&ut-

,ntu& te&anan tu!in"< Pt tertentu< "as a&an men"alir&edalam &atu$ a$a!ila-

Ii&a $ersamaan (*) di!a"i den"an A!< ma&a di$eroleh$ersamaan !eri&ut-

bd pt pbinj A P A P A A P =+− )(

P , , P , P ,c b - . b t -/ 0− = −

P ,

,P P

,

,c

-

b. t

-

b

1 − = −

Penentuan e&anan 8n:e&si Katu$ er!u&a#ertutu$

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Penentuan e&anan 8n:e&si Katu$ er!u&a#ertutu$

59

A$a!ila R B A $#A !< ma&a

7ar"a te&anan in:e&si< Pc< da$at ditentu&an

den"an $ersamaan !eri&ut -

Persamaan diatas da$at di"una&an untu&menentu&an te&anan "as in:e&si .an" di!utuh&anuntu& mem!u&a &atu$ di!aah &ondisi o$erasi;

%ontoh Soal

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%ontoh Soal51

Katu$ sem!ur !uatan ditem$at&an di &edalaman /999 ft; e&anan dome dan te&anan tu!in" di &edalaman terse!ut masin"@

masin" se!esar 99 $si dan +99 $si; A$a!ila A ! &atu$ se!esar 1;9 in*dan A $ B 9;1 in*< tentu&an te&anan "as di annulus .an" di$erlu&anuntu& mem!u&a &atu$;

Perhitungan:R B A $#A ! B 9;1#1;9 B 9;1

Pd B 99 $si

Pt B +99 $si Den"an men""una&an $ersamaan (+)< te&anan "as in:e&si .an"

di$erlu&an untu& mem!u&a &atu$ se!esar-Pc B (99 @ +99(9;1) # (1;9@9;1) B ** $si

Penentuan e&anan Dome

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Penentuan e&anan Dome5*

R

R P P P t d inj

−

−=

1

Pd 3 )

Pada em$eratureDi &edalaman ?alve

Diu!ah men:adi e&anan

$ada em$eratur en"&el

Test Rac% O$ei'Press!re

D>M2 PADA 0AS L8' ?AL?2

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D>M2 PADA 0AS L8' ?AL?253

Dome $ada 0as Lift ?alve< diisi "as 6itro"ense:umlah mole tertentu< sehin""a da$at mem!eri&ante&anan tutu$ valve .an" sesuai;

Sesuai den"an

P ?B n R

P-dome

Vol. dome Temperatur di sekitar dome


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5


e&anan dome D B Pd

e&anan casin" D B Pc

Test Rac% ,di Be'%el-

e&anan dome D

convert

e&anan dome /9

o

' (a!el +@3)

e&anan !u&a valve< $ vo

R p R p p t cd +−= )1(

@T D

d t F d P C P o =60@

Tabel 5-3

Gradien gas injeksi

Gradien Aliran @ tubing

R

P P

F d

vo

o

−

=1

60@

em$eratur $ada ?alve

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em$eratur $ada ?alve5+

@surface

@!ottom

0radient0eothermal

(o'#ft)

0radient em$eratur Aliran

Retrei*a"le *al*e

.o/Retrei*a"le *al*e

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5/

Penentuan >$enin"#%losin"

Pressure di en"&el

Penentuan est Rac& >$enin" Pressure

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Penentuan est Rac& >$enin" Pressure5

P9 3 PcP

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Ptro (1)54

Keseim!an"an 0a.a u&adan 0a.a utu$< $ada Pt BPatm -

Dimana Pvc B te&anan tutu$di !en"&el

Ii&a R B A$#A!< ma&a

Ma&a P@dome di !en"&el -

Ptro (*)

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Ptro (*)55

0a.a u&a han.a di$en"aruhioleh Pvc< .aitu-

Pd di set $ada tem$eratur !en"&el (/9o')

Perlu dila&u&an &ore&siterhada$ tem$eratur $ada&edalaman valve

'a&tor Kore&si e&anan0as 6itro"en Dalam

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199

"Dome($ada em$eratur en"&el

/9 o')

P? B nR v

P? B nR /9 o'

Perhitun"an e&anan ellosecara Analitis

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secara Analitis

191

P(C) B te&anan rata@rata .an" !e&er:a$ada !ello

P vi B P(C) .an" di$erlu&an untu&

mem!u&a &atu$E B $er"era&an stem dari $osisi tertutu$& B c$#cv A ! B luas $ermu&aan !ello

Pdi B te&anan dome aal

Pd(C)Bte&anan dome :i&a stem !er"era&se:auh C

Penentuan ,&uran Port ?alve

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19*J B la:u alir "as< M%'#d

%d B dischar"e coefficient A $ B luas $enam$an" $ort

Pu B te&anan in:e&si "as dalam

annulus< $sia& B c$#c v R B $er!andin"an antara

te&anan u$stream den"andonstream

B tem$eratur aliranγ " B s$ecific "ravit. "as

Ata! de'a #e''!a%aGrafi%> (a' di"!at $ada %odisi

La:u Alir $ada &ondisi &riti& -

S$ecific 0ravit. "as B 9;/+em$eratur alir B /9 o'e&anan dasar B 1;/+ $sia& B c$#c v B 1;*

Dischar"e coeficient B 9;4/+

Penentuan ,&uran Port - R

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193

erdasar&an rate in:e&si(di $ermu&aan – Mscf#d)<="i< sc tentu&an rate in:e&si

D

erdasar&an Pt dan Pc<

"una&an 0am!ar +@**<untu& menentu&an

u&uran PortPt B donstream $ress

Pc B u$stream $ress

520

)460T ( qq

vsc , g

gi

=

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P E . E M P A T A . 0 A L 0 E U . L O A D I . G

0 A L 0 E S P A C I . G

19

,nloadin" ?alve Desi"n

?alve S$acin" (1)

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$ " ( )19+

?arious methods are !ein" used in the industr. fordesi"nin" de$ths of valves of different t.$es; he. are theuniversal desi"n method< the AP8@recommended method<the fall!ac& method< and the $ercent load method;

7oever< the !asic o!:ective should !e the same-1; o !e a!le to o$en unloadin" valves ith &ic&off and in:ection

o$eratin" $ressures

*; o ensure sin"le@$oint in:ection durin" unloadin" and normalo$eratin" conditions

3; o in:ect "as as dee$ as $ossi!le

Persia$an >$erasi Sumur 0as Lift

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$ $19/

he desi"n tu!in" $ressure at valve

de$th is !eteen "as in:ection $ressure(loaded condition) and the minimumtu!in" $ressure (full. unloadedcondition);

De$th of the first valve is desi"ned onthe !asis of &ic&off $ressure from as$ecial com$ressor for ell &ic&off

o$erations; De$ths of other valves are desi"ned on

the !asis of in:ection o$eratin" $ressure; Kic&off casin" $ressure mar"in<

in:ection o$eratin" casin" $ressuremar"in< and tu!in" transfer $ressuremar"in are used to consider thefolloin" effects-

Pressure dro$ across the valve

u!in" $ressure effect of the u$$er valve 6onlinearit. of the tu!in" flo "radient

curve;

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19

>ut$ut 0as Pressure Re=uirement (*)

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$ = ( )194

he out$ut $ressure of the com$ression station should !e desi"ned on the !asis of the "as distri!ution $ressure under normal flo conditions< not the&ic&off conditions;

∆Pgas

Compressor

Wellhead

Se$arator

Pinta&e Pdischar"e

7orse Poer

%om$ressor

Pin:ectionellhead


1'as 1'as

Wellhead

U.LOADI.G

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195

0AL0EDESIG.

0radient 0as 8n:e&si P&o

0radient 0as 8n:e&si Pso

0radient Aliran u!in"

0radient Killin" 'luid

Pt

P

c

Keseti#"a'aTe%aa ? 0al*e

7asil Desi"n ?alve S$acin"

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" $ "119

,ntu& menentu&an- tem$eratur valve rate in:ection $ada &edalaman valve u&uran $ort (A$#A!)

o$enin" dan closin" $ressure setia$ unloadin" valve test rac& o$enin" $ressure setia$ unloadin" valve

Coti!o!s Gas Lift 0al*es Desi'

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'111

he $rocedure is illustrated "ra$hicall. !. ma&in" a $lot of $ressure versusde$th< such as in 'i"ure !ello;

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C A M C O

S C H L U M B E R G E R @ G A S L I F T D E S I G . A . DT E C H . O L O G 5

11*

est Rac& >$enin" Pressure

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113

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11

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I . T R O D U C T I O .

A . D

D E S I G .

11+

862RM826 0AS L8'

Pendahuluan

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11/

he intermittent@flo mechanism is ver. differentfrom that of the continuous@flo "as lift;

8t is normall. a$$lica!le in either hi"h@7P–lo P8 orlo@7P–lo P8 reservoirs;

8n these to reservoir cases< an eCcessive hi"hdradon is needed< hich results in a $rohi!itivel.hi"h 0LR to $roduce the desired =uantit. of oil (li=uid) !. continuous "as lift;

8n man. instances< the reservoir sim$l. is not ca$a!leof "ivin" u$ the desired li=uid re"ardless of dradon;

Pendahuluan

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11

he flo from a ell usin" intermittent "as lifttechni=ues is called GG!allisticHH or GGslu"HH flo;

o ma:or factors that define the intermittent@"aslift $rocess must !e understood-1; %om$leC floin" "radient of the "as lifted li=uids from the

ell;

*; %ontri!ution of the P8 of the ell to the actual delivera!ilit.of li=uid to the surface;

'enomena Produ&si Sumur 0as Lift

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114

0as 8n:e&siProdu&si

P8 tin""iPr tin""i

0as 8n:e&siida& Produ&si

Permu&aan

'luidaProdu&si

P8 rendahPr rendah

'enomena Produ&si Sumur 0as Lift

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115


Permu&aan

'luidaProdu&si

P8 rendahPr rendah

Sumur 0as Lift 8ntermittent

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1*9

• 8n:e&si "as dihenti&an• 'luida reservoir a&an men"alirdari reservoir &e tu!in"• Permu&aan fluida menca$ai

$an:an" &olom tertentu< .an" e&ivalen den"an te&ananstati& sumur• 0as diin:e&si&an dan a&an mendoron" &olom fluida &e

$ermu&aan• 8n:e&si 0as !erfun"si se!a"ai $endoron" &olom fluida dalam tu!in"


Permu&aan

'luidaProdu&si

P8 rendahPr rendah

Sumur 0as Lift 8ntermittent

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1*1

• seluruh &olom fluida dalam tu!in" a&an terdoron" &e $ermu&aan dan men"alir &e se$arator• setelah fluida sam$ai di $ermu@ &aan< in:e&si "as dihenti&an dan fluida reservoir &em!ali men"alir &e dalam tu!in" sam$ai menca$ai &edalaman tertentu

• si&lus diulan" &em!ali

0as 8n:e&si

P8 rendahPr rendah

'luida Produ&si

Parameter Desi"n

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1**

Dua $eriode dalam o$erasi

0as Lift 8ntermittent- Periode sumur ditutu$ (fluida masu& &e dalam tu!in") Perioda Produ&si (fluida

men"alir &e $ermu&aan

Parameter .an" $erlu di&etahui-

0as 8n:e&si

ida& Produ&si

Permu&aan'luida

Produ&si

P8 rendah

Pr rendah

Pressure Distri!ution in 8ntermittent 0as Lift

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1*3

3 Periode $ada >$erasi 0as Lift 8ntermittent

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he lift $eriod< the inflo $eriod< and the $ressure reduction $eriod

he inflo $eriod occurs hen fluidflos from the formation into the ell!ore and collects in the tu!in"a!ove the "as lift valve;

he lift $eriod !e"ins hen a sufficient volume of li=uid has accumulated and"as is in:ected throu"h the o$eratin" valve to lift the slu" to the surface

he $ressure reduction $eriod !e"insafter the "as slu" reaches the surfaceand the "as lift valve closes;

Durin" this $eriod the lift "as $ressure isdissi$ated< alloin" the inflo $eriodto !e"in a"ain;

1*

Periode Shut@8n

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1*+

Pada saat sumur ditutu$ (in:e&si "astida& dila&u&an)< fluida dari formasimasu& &e lu!an" !or< .an" !esarn.ater"antun" $ada dra@don di dasarsumur;

Wa&tu $enutu$an ini diatur sedemi&ianru$a sehin""a :umlah cairan .an"ter&um$ul di tu!in" menca$ai

&etin""ian tertentu; Wa&tu $enutu$an ini ter"antun" $ada- &edalaman sumur inde&s $rodu&tivitas :umlah "as in:e&si .an"

tersedia dan se!a"ain.a;

Pada dasarn.a laman.a a&tu$enutu$an ini< ter"antun" $ada&om!inasi antara te&anan di$ermu&aan (&e$ala sumur dan anulus)< !erat &olom "as< te&anan hidrostati&cairan dalam tu!in" dan te&anan !u&a&atu$ o$erasi;

Periode Produ&si

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1*/

Pada saat te&anan "as dalam

annulus cu&u$ untu& mem!u&a&atu$ o$erasi< ma&a "as in:e&sia&an masu& &edalam tu!in"dan mendoron" &olom cairan(slu") &e$ermu&aan;

0as a&an !er"era& le!ih ce$atdi!andin"&an den"an slu"cairan< sehin""a "asmem$un.ai &emun"&inanuntu& menem!us slu" cairan;7al ini men.e!a!&an se!a"iandari cairan a&an :atuh &em!ali

&e dasar sumur dalam !entu&tetesan cairan atau se!a"aila$isan ti$is#film di dindin"tu!in";

Periode Produ&si

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1*

Ii&a slu" cairan menca$ai$ermu&aan< te&anan tu!in" $ada&edalaman &atu$ o$erasi a&anmenurun sehin""a menin"&at&anla:u "as in:e&si &edalam &atu$; 7alini men.e!a!&an !er&uran"n.a"as dalam anulus den"an ce$atsehin""a ter:adi $enurunante&anan "as dalam anulus;

A$a!ila $enurunan te&ananterse!ut menca$ai te&anan tutu$<ma&a &atu$ o$erasi a&an tertutu$;Periode selan:utn.a setelah$enutu$an ini adalah $eriodesta!ilisasi .aitu cairan .an" :atuh$ada saat $eriode aliran a&anter&um$ul &e dasar sumur danmen:adi !a"ian dari slu" !eri&utn.a .an" a&an didoron";

Parameter Desi"n

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1*4

Parameter desi"n .an" $erludi&etahui-

A&umulasi fluida dalamtu!in"

La:u $rodu&si .an" da$atdihasil&an

2ficienc. $en"an"&atan

Iumlah c.clus in:e&si $er

hari Iumlah "as in:e&si .an"

di$erlu&an

0as 8n:e&si

ida& Produ&si

Permu&aan'luida

Produ&si

P8 rendah

Pr rendah

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1*5

P

P P T

P P T

P P T

D

T we

to wh I

tl t II

tl t tot

tot

=

2 2 2

2

1000

min min

q P P s we

( )

in""i Kolom %airan

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139

h P P ! D

! ! t

tl wh gt

s gt

P P P tl v

P P ! Dv so g

Ke!utuhan 0as 8n:e&si

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131

sc B tem$eratur &ondisi standard< oR

Psc B te&anan &ondisi standard< $sia

s B tem$eratur di $ermu&aan< o'

0s B "radient te&anan stati&< $si#ft

0t B "radien tem$eratur< ' # ft

Pc B te&anan casin" Dvi< $sia

Ph B te&anan tu!in" di $ermu&aan< $sia 7"c B $an:an" &olom "as dalam tu!in"< ft

%a$ B &a$asitas tu!in" @ 9;99++1 d*

B fa&tor &om$rtesi!ilitas< P dan

L B &edalaman &atu$ o$erasi< ft

S B su!mer"ence< ft

( )

= Z T

T

P

P xCap H gasVolum sc

sc gc

1 _

( ) L xS Ld x xCap H gc 523 1071104541.5 −− −−=

( ){ }7.14

2

1071 5+

−++=

− s!c Sx" L x P P P

( ) ( )460

2

1071 5

+++−+

=

− L"T S L x"T T t st s

Perencanaan 0as Lift 8ntermittent

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13*

ahan di Kermit 2;ron ?olume *A

%atatan Kuliah (a! 8Q) – !e!era$a varia!eldilen"&a$i dari ?ol; *A

Pela:ari $roses $eru!ahan te&anan di dasar sumur

dan#atau di &e$ala sumur selama $eriode shut@indan $rodu&si

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1330AS L8' >P8M8A8>6

GAS LIFT OPTIMIATIO. SOLUTIO.

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Weatherford offers intelli"ence at the ellsite ithcontrollers that can handle sin"le or multi$le ells forin:ection control and $arameter monitorin";

Gas Lift O$ti#iatio Sol!tio Hi'hli'hts

Access to continuous real@time data%onstant "as in:ection !ased on controlled set$oint

Su$$orts !oth orifice meter and tur!ine meter "asmeasurement

ent.@four hour local o$timiEation Well sta!ilit. $rofile (headin" detection)

Alarmin" interface for "as lift s$ecific control unit

Beefits Of The Gas Lift O$ti#iatio Sol!tio

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Geeral Beefits

Monitor and control "as lift ells !. collectin" and dis$la.in" data frommulti$le "as lifted ells

Provide "rou$in" of ells !. alarm codes< eCce$tion conditions or ellattri!utes

Provide interface to com$rehensive anal.sis en"ine to determine currentcondition and future o$timiEation

Ui!e Beefits

etter utiliEation of man$oer resources

etter utiliEation of assets

>$timiEe in:ection versus $roduction ("as usa"e)

Reduced deferment

Mana"e "as allocation

Production acceleration

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gas lift - 2011.pptx

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