Gavin Astin/ Terje Andersen 06 May 2011

Survey of Existing measures

Existing Measures

06 May 2011

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Survey of Existing Measures - Method

Definition: “An existing measure is something that is applied now at least one of the target countries (EU-27 plus the 3 candidate countries, Norway and Switzerland).”

How did we identify these:- Development of survey questionnaire.- Distribution of questionnaire to IMs, RUs, NSAs and other stakeholders (including plenty of

time on the telephone!)- Translation of questions into local language in some cases.- Internet research and journals to identify specific examples of applied measures.- Network statements.- Accident reports.- Other sources as available.

Existing Measures

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The Survey

The survey invitees:- Invited every IM to participate.- Invited at least two (where applicable) RUs per country to participate.- Invited several trade associations to participate.- Thanks to those who took the time to respond!

The survey questions (in summary):- What measures do you apply in terms of freight train derailment risk reduction.- Why do you apply these (regulatory requirement, national rule, company initiative etc).- How effective are these controls in your opinion.- What innovations / future controls are you aware of?

Existing Measures

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Who Responded?

Country Freight Op / Wagon Owner

Infra Manager Country Freight Op / Wagon Owner

Infra Manager

Austria Yes Yes Luxembourg Yes

Belgium Yes Macedonia

Bulgaria Yes Netherlands Yes

CER Yes Yes Norway Yes Yes

Croatia Yes Poland Yes

Czech Republic Portugal Yes

Denmark Yes Yes Romania

Estonia Slovakia Yes Yes

Finland Yes Yes Slovenia Yes

France Yes Spain Yes

Germany Yes Sweden Yes

Greece Switzerland Yes Yes

Hungary Yes Turkey

Ireland UIP Yes

Italy UNIFE Yes Yes

Japan Great Britain Yes Yes

Latvia Yes Yes United States Yes Yes

Lithuania Yes Yes

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Survey Coverage

The combined coverage (based only on individual country responses, not trade associations) covers approximately 80% of the total freight traffic volume in EU27/EEA countries.

In some cases the responses from trade associations provide the views of a number of their members, some of whom have chosen not to respond individually.

Other sources of information (network statements etc) provides some additional information for countries that declined our invitation.

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Survey Results

Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train derailments.

Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a freight train derailment.

Some examples are presented in the following slides…

Existing Measures

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Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused derailments (1)

Improved inspection routines:- Timely maintenance follow-up of inspection results.

Upgrade weak infrastructure to match present axle loads:- Freight only lines are today used for loading conditions far exceeding their design standard.

Stricter and more harmonised track geometry requirements to account for international traffic.

Move signals which may show stop aspect away from track sections with geometry not suitable for low speed breaking or acceleration, or adjust track geometry to train operating conditions. Examples: - Avoid signals that can show stop aspect behind small radius curves with high cant.- Alternatively redesign track geometry or install check rails.

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Excessive track twist Picture shows a train on a track in UK that

caused derailment due to excessive track twist.

Track twist restriction area by draft TSI for Conventional Rail Infrastructure for curves with R< 420 m.

Existing Measures

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Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused derailments (2)

Greasing of track curves.

Interlocking of points to avoid operation while occupied by rolling stock:- Mainly at stations and shunting yards.

Increased separation of freight and passenger traffic along different lines and adjustment of track geometry design to most frequent traffic type.

Apply ”maintenance free” superstructure design e.g. fixed track/slab track.

Existing Measures

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Existing preventive measures to reduce Rolling stock related derailments

Measures to avoid Hot Axle Box derailments:- Wheel impact load detectors to detect faulty wheels giving excessive vibration to bearing. - Improve bearing design by applying more vibration tolerant components in bearing.- Track installed detector installations to detect faulty bearings or hot axle boxes:

- Hot axle box detectors. - Bearing acoustic diagnostic.

Measures to avoid axle shaft fatigue ruptures: - Improved design standards. - Appropriate material selection.- Fault free surface corrosion protection. - Improved in service inspection in order to detect incipient failures.

Appropriate greasing of bogie pivots and side supports.

Apply improved suspension design, e.g.. parabolic blade springs instead of trapezoidal blade springs.

Existing Measures

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Rolling stock measures towards wheels and axles Exchange brass roller bearings with polyaminde roller

cages

Evaluate use of composite wheels vs monoblock wheels.

European Visual Inspection Catalogue for Wheelsets

Existing Measures

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Existing preventive measures to reduce Operational related derailments

Training of operational staff of all types.

Proper inspection, testing and check of wagons, train and departure route prior to departure: - Improved tools to ensure quality of these activities, e.g. check lists.

Improved tools to detect overloading, skew loading and/or insufficient fastened load:- Weighing devices at terminal or along track. - Visual balances on wagons.

ATP-system to avoid SPADs and excessive speed across deviated points/turnouts.

Existing Measures

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Consequence Mitigation Measures

Category: M# Measures and motivation: M-1 Derailment detection detectors (valves) to avoid derailed wagons from being

dragged along for long distances. M-2 Equip tank wagons with impact shield to protect tank against penetration (US-

requirement also used in Sweden). M-3 Install emergency warning lights on locomotive to warn train on neighbouring track

going in opposite direction.

Rolling stock

M-4 Attach mechanical guides at the bogie structure or on wagon support at appropriate position to ensure that a derailed wagon most likely is kept along the track and does not overturn or become hit by other wagons.

M-5 Existing requirement for safety rails (guard rails) at bridges and in tunnels. M-6 Battering rams in front of safety critical pillar supports of roof structures and

overbridges in order to prevent derailed rolling stock damaging such safety critical structures.

M-7 Installation of dragging object and derailment detectors. The detector will detect both dragging objects and derailments.

M-8 Installation of deviation points leading to a safe derailment place in strongly descending tracks from marshalling yards and train formation stations.

Infrastructure

M-9 Radio or cell phone communication installations like GSM-R in order to transfer emergency stop orders to trains.

M-10 Separate passenger and freight traffic to separate lines to a larger degree (which is also EU-policy).

M-11 Restrictions on freight traffic in general or hazardous materials transport in special through certain busy passenger terminals and/or underground stations to restrict traffic and limit the consequences of a derailment.

M-12 Develop and apply a checklist for dangerous goods transport as the Swiss checklist for dangerous goods transport by freight trains.

Operational

M-13 Requirement for activating of warning lights in driving end of train.

Existing Measures

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Summing Up

Identified existing measures from consultation.

Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train derailments.

Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a freight train derailment.

All preventive measures will be assessed in Part B, along with mitigation measures based on detecting a derailment.

Additional measures may be identified during Part B.

Existing Measures

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Barrier Model (example)

Rolling stock causes

Wheelsetfailures

Bogie and suspension failures

Wagon frame failures

OR

Hot axle box

Stronger axles, derating,

P29, P37

OR

Condition develops

Condition not detected / fixed

Condition develops

Condition not detected / fixed

Axle failures

AND

AND

Wheel failure

Condition develops

Condition not detected / fixed

AND

EVIC Inspection

P38

Replace roller cage

P28

Replace wheels, disc brakes, integrity programme, saw tooth braking, anti-lock device, sliding wheel detector, handbrake interlock

P27, P32, P36, P44

Hot wheel, vision devices, wheel load, wheel measurement, bogie hunting

P12, P13, P15, P16

Hot axle box detectors, vision devices, heat sensitive chalks, alarm mgmt

P10, P11, P46

Braking / other system failures

Existing Measures

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End of Session - Any Questions

Existing Measures

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Safeguarding life, property and the environment

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