gaza strip - · pdf filethe gaza strip and the west bank as a single territorial unit in...
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Gaza Seaport
Erez CrossingBeit Hanoun
1
3Buffer Zone
Closed Crossings6Al-Montar
Karni Crossing 2Al-Montar
Nahal Oz Crossing 2
Sufa Crossing 2
Kerem Shalom CrossingKarm abu Salem
4
Gaza International Airport5destroyed /non-operational
Rafah CrossingAl ’Awda
6
7 Tunnels
8 Gaza Fishing PortAsh-Shifa Hospital
(closed)
Sderot
Nir Am
Ein ha-Bsor
Magen
Re'im
Zikim
Mefalsim
Kfar Maimon
Kfar Aza
Yesha
Be'eri
Yad Mordekhai
Netiv Ha'asara
Erez
Shokeda
Nirim
Kisufim
Karmiya
Nir Yitskhak
Pri Gan
Ein Hashlosha
Ma'on Plants
Nir Oz
Sa'adNahal Oz
Sufa
Holit
Kerem Shalom
Temporary Wastewater
Treatment Lagoons
Beit Hanoun Industrial Zone
Sheikh Zayed Housing Project
Palestine Stadium
Legislative Council
Gaza Sports Club
Al-Azhar University
Islamic University
UNRWA Compound
Government Building Complex
Al-Montar Hill
Housing Project
Al-Aqsa University (Khan Yunis Campus)
UNDP Rubble Crushing Site
Housing Project (Unfinished)
Salah Ad-Deen
Gate
Sufa Landfill
Gazalandfill
Beit LahiaWastewater
Treatment Plant
Rafah Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Ar-Ras
heed
Ar-R
ashe
ed
Salah
Ad-
Deen
Salah Ad-Deen
Salah
Ad-
Deen
As-Sek
ka
Coast
al R
oad
Coastal R
oad
Coast
al R
oad
Coast
al R
oad
Salah Ad-Deen
Salah A
d-Dee
n
Salah
Ad-
Deen
Salah A
d-Dee
n
Sala
h A
d-D
een
Ar-R
ashe
ed
Khalil al-W
azeer
As-Sek
ka
Al-K
aram
a
Al-K
aram
a
Karni-NezarimKarni-Nezarim
Omar Ben Al-Khattab
ash-Shohada
As-Solta
n Al-Oth
mani
Jam
al Abd A
n-Nas
er
Kisufim
Kisufim
Omar
Ben
Al-K
hatta
b
Gush
Katee
f
Abu Baker As-Sadeek
As-S
ekka
Khalil al-Wazeer
Al-Quds
Rd No. 10
Al-Montar
JabaliaCamp
Ash-Shaticamp
Al-Ma'ani
Az-Zawayda
Al-Mussadar
Wadi As-Salqa
Deir al-BalahCamp
Al-Burej Camp
Al-MaghaziCamp
An-Nuseirat Camp
An-Naser(Al-Bayuk)
Al-Qarara
Al-Fukhkhari
Abasanal-Kabira
Abasan Aj-Jadida(as-Saghira)
Rafah Camp
Bani Suhella
Khan YunisCamp
Az-Zahra
Juhar ad-Dik
Khuza'a
ShokatAs-Sufi
Al-QaryaAl-Badawiya(Umm An-Naser)
Al-Mughraqa(Abu Middein)
Wadi Gaza
Wadi Gaza
Ph
i l ad
el p
hi C
or
ri d
or
Temporary Wastewater
Treatment Lagoons
Beit Hanoun Industrial Zone
Sheikh Zayed Housing Project
Palestine Stadium
Legislative Council
Gaza Sports Club
Al-Azhar University
Islamic University
UNRWA Compound
Northern Gaza Wastewater Treatment Plant
Government Building Complex
Al-Montar Hill
Housing Project
Al-Aqsa University (Khan Yunis Campus)
UNDP Rubble Crushing Site
Housing Project (Unfinished)
Salah Ad-Deen
Gate
Sufa Landfill
Gazalandfill
Beit LahiaWastewater
Treatment Plant
Rafah Wastewater
Treatment Plant
GazaPowerPlant
Karni Industrial
Zone(closed)
Al-BarzilBlock
Block O
Az-Zaitoun
Ash-Shuja'iyeh
At-TuffahAd-Darraj
An-Naser
Southern Remal
As-Sabra
Tal El-Hawa
Northern Remal
Ash-SheikhIjleen
Old City
MadinatAl-'Awda
Ash-SheikhRadwan
ljdeedeh
At-Turkman
As-Siafa
Izbat Beit Hanoun
As-Surij
Al-Mawasi(Khan Yunis)
Qa'al-Qurein
Qa'al-Kharaba
Qizan an-Najjar
Umm Kemell
Umm al-Kilab
Al-Mawasi(Rafah
Al-Qarya as-Suwaydiya
Tal as-Sultan
Al- Karama
Jabalia
Gaza City
Beit HanounBeit Lahia
Khan Yunis
Rafah
Deir al-Balah
Rafah
Khan Yunis
Middle Area
Gaza
North Gaza
E G Y P T
I S R A E L
3 nautical miles
Deir al-Balah Wharf
Mawasi Khan Yunis Wharf
Mawasi Rafah WharfNo Fishing Zone
1 nautical mile
Me
di t e
rr
an
ea
n
Se
a
No Fishing Zone
1.5 nautical miles
Fish
ing
limit
curr
ently
enfo
rced
by t
he Is
rael
i Nav
y
Fish
ing
limit
enfo
rced
by t
he Is
rael
i Nav
y bet
ween
Janu
ary 2
009 a
nd N
ovem
ber 2
012 a
nd at
vario
us ot
her t
imes
Plannedbus and truckconvoy route
(AMA)
Bertin
i Com
mitm
ent 1
2 n.m
.
Oslo A
ccor
ds 2
0 n.m
.
6 n.m.FishingLimit Today
WestBank
GazaStrip
Lod
Gaza
Acre
Elat
Haifa
Rafah
Ramla
Jenin
Tubas
Nablus
Hebron
Jericho
Tiberias
Tulkarm
Nazareth
Ramallah
Beersheba
Bethlehem
Khan Yunis
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Reginal Context
Reginal Context
Reginal Context
MEDITERRANEANSEA
DE
AD
SE
A
GU
LF
OF
A
QA
BA
Jord
an R
iver
Jord
an R
iver
ISRAEL
LEBANON
EGYPT JORDAN
Regional Context
Effective Fishing Limit
Crossing PointsOpen
Closed & Restricted Areas
300 Meter No-Go Zone*
Fences and Barriers
Concrete Wall
Double Wire Fence with Watch Towers
Former Fishing Limit
Philadelphi Corridor
High Risk Zone
Closed but Open for Exceptional Cases
Closed
Locations
Roads
Bridge
Hospital
Landmark
Built-up Area
Refugee Camp
Main City
Town
Main Road
Regional Road
Local Road
Track
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sewage Outlet
Wharf
Boundaries
Governorate Boundary
Municipal Boundary
1950 Armistice (Green Line)
Access and Physical Closures Gaza Strip
Effective Fishing Limit
Crossing PointsOpen
Closed & Restricted Areas
300 Meter No-Go Zone*
Fences and Barriers
Concrete Wall
Double Wire Fence with Watch Towers
Former Fishing Limit
Philadelphi Corridor
High Risk Zone
Closed but Open for Exceptional Cases
Closed
Locations
Roads
Bridge
Hospital
Landmark
Built-up Area
Refugee Camp
Main City
Town
Main Road
Regional Road
Local Road
Track
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sewage Outlet
Wharf
Boundaries
Governorate Boundary
Municipal Boundary
1950 Armistice (Green Line)
Access and Physical Closures Gaza Strip
Effective Fishing Limit
Crossing PointsOpen
Closed & Restricted Areas
300 Meter No-Go Zone*
Fences and Barriers
Concrete Wall
Double Wire Fence with Watch Towers
Former Fishing Limit
Philadelphi Corridor
High Risk Zone
Closed but Open for Exceptional Cases
Closed
Locations
Roads
Bridge
Hospital
Landmark
Built-up Area
Refugee Camp
Main City
Town
Main Road
Regional Road
Local Road
Track
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sewage Outlet
Wharf
Boundaries
Governorate Boundary
Municipal Boundary
1950 Armistice (Green Line)
Access and Physical Closures Gaza StripGaza Strip
Boundaries
Access and Physical Closures
In November 2012, Israel declared again that the area stretching 300 meters from the border fence into the Gaza Strip would be a no-go zone. Incidents of fire on Palestinians have been reported at distances of up to 1,200 meters from the border.
7The tightening of Israel’s closure of the Gaza Strip in 2007 led to a flourishing of trade through tunnels that had been dug under the Gaza-Egypt border. The easing of the closure in mid-2010 brought a change in the types of goods that are transferred via the tunnels. In addition to contraband and weapons, the tunnels are now used mainly for the transfer of fuel and basic construction materials such as gravel, cement and steel, whose import via Kerem Shalom is subject to restrictions. As a result of turmoil in Egypt, in June and July of 2013, activity in most of the tunnels was obstructed.
Tunnels
The Gaza Strip, a part of Mandatory Palestine, was created by the armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt in 1949. From that time until 1967 the Strip was under Egyptian control and its connection to the West Bank and Israel was cut off. In 1967, the connection was renewed when the Gaza Strip and the West Bank were occupied by Israel. The 1993 Oslo Accords defined the Gaza Strip and the West Bank as a single territorial unit in whose borders freedom of movement would be permitted. However, since 1991 the Gaza Strip has gradually been closed off; since 2007 its residents have only been able to exit and enter it in exceptional cases.
GAZA STRIP Mapping Movement and Access
September 2013
Width 5.7-12.5 km / 3.5-7.7 mi
Length 40 km / 24.8 mi
Area 365 km² / 141 mi²
Population 1,707,437 June 2013
Population density 4,661 people
per km² / 12,109 per mi²
Population under the age of 18 900,745 (52.9%) mid 2013
Unemployment rate 31% 1st quarter of 2013
Percentage of population receiving aid at least 70% 2013
Literacy rate aged 15 and over 95% 2011
Sou
rce:
PC
BS
, OC
HA
, WFP
6Israel opened the crossing in 1982 and in 2005, it was operated for the first time by the Palestinian Authority and Egypt under EU supervision and via indirect Israeli control. After Hamas took control of Gaza in June 2007, the crossing was closed aside from limited openings by Egypt. After the Gaza flotilla incident in May 2010, Egypt opened Rafah on a regular basis for limited categories of travellers. During the first six months of 2013, an average of 40,800 crossings were recorded via Rafah per month, slightly more than during the implementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access. In July 2013, as a result of turmoil in Egypt, Egypt limited the operation of the crossing and the number of individuals travelling dropped sharply.
Rafah Crossing3After the 2005 disengagement from Gaza, Israel retained control over an area inside Gaza that it calls the "buffer zone". This 300-meter wide strip of land runs along the border inside Gaza. In practice, at various times and various points along the border, Israel has prohibited access into an area that stretches up to 1,500 meters from the fence. In November 2012, the military announced that it would allow access up to 300 meters from the border, however there have still been incidents in which individuals have been injured and killed in the buffer zone at distances of up to 1,200 meters from the border.
The “Buffer Zone” 5
The airport, which was officially opened in 1998, operated until October 2000. In December 2001 and May 2002, Israel bombed the control tower and runway. During Operation Cast Lead in 2009, the airport was further destroyed and presently serves as a site for foraging gravel and other construction materials.
Yasser Arafat International Airport
4The crossing was opened in 2005 for the transfer of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip. In mid-2007, it began to serve as the main crossing point for goods sold to Gaza and for small quantities of export which exit the Strip. As of March 2011, when the conveyor belt at Karni Crossing ceased being used, it became the sole operational commercial crossing for goods entering and exiting Gaza.
Kerem Shalom Crossing2Karni Crossing was built in 1994 and served as Gaza's main commercial crossing point for goods entering and exiting the Strip. In June 2007, after Hamas took control of Gaza, the crossing was closed with the exception of a conveyer belt that was used to transfer grain and animal feed until it was also closed in March 2011. Sufa Crossing was built in 1994 and was used for the transfer of construction materials to the Gaza Strip. It was closed by Israel in 2008. Nahal Oz Crossing, used to transfer fuel purchased from Israel to Gaza, was closed in early 2010.
Closed Crossings 8The port is 4-5 meters deep and is home to the small boats of Gaza’s fishermen. Sailing is allowed up to a distance of 6 nautical miles from the coast, whereas the Oslo Accords permitted sailing up to a distance of 20 nautical miles. There is no seaport in the Gaza Strip. Construction began on a seaport, as agreed in the Oslo Accords, in July 2000 but was halted in September after the Second Intifada broke out. In September 2001, Israel destroyed the site and has since not given permission for it to be rebuilt.
The Fishermen’s Port1The crossing serves individuals traveling between Gaza and the West Bank and Israel. Since 1991, Palestinians have had to obtain a permit in order to travel via Erez. Until the year 2000, thousands of Palestinian laborers traveled through the crossing every month to jobs in Israel. Israel gradually reduced the number of permits it issued until March 2006 when a new policy was introduced, stating that travel would be allowed only in "exceptional humanitarian cases", a policy still in effect today. During the first six months of 2013, the average number of entries into Israel via Erez reached 4,150. Most of those traveling are medical patients and their companions and merchants.
Erez Crossing
Sou
rce:
PC
BS
, OC
HA
, WFP
Gisha contact details: tel. 972-3-6244120 | fax 972-3-6244130 | email [email protected] | www.gisha.orgDesigned by: www.RoniLevit.comPhotography: Eman Mohammed and Khaled AL-Ashqar• This map is based on OCHA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, occupied Palestinian territory) basemap of the Gaza Strip, 2010 found at www.ochaopt.org • Access and closure data is as of July 2013 | Map produced: September 2013