Gazi Maflahi

Michigan

MICHIGAN

Beginning First people to live in Michigan were the

Indians/ Native Americans. French explorers reached the land that we

now call Michigan in the 1600ʼs. Recent discoveries suggested the

Humankind had been in these areas as far as 100,000 or even 250,000 years ago, rather than 20,000 to 40,000 year range that had been assumed.

The Fur Trade

when Europeans started fighting because of the fur trade the Dutch and the English

had the Iroquois on their sides, and the French had the Algonquians. British traders bought Indian friend

ship by giving them more for the fur than what they would get from French traders.

British

The British flag was flowing over Michigan for thirty six years, from 1760 to 1796.

Amherst commander of the British forces stopped giving the Indians European goods.

The Indians were depending on these goods and got less gifts and less liquor mixed

with water, due to military expenses.

The War The Indians weren't allowed entrance into Kentucky,

western Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. French in the Illinois country and those living along the St.

Lawrence river encouraged the Indians to fight back against the British.

The Detroit Indians were to attack the British from both east and west plotted by Pontiac.

Killed and captured around 30 English men. Indians all around were inspired by Pontiacs actions. King George III’s birthday. The Indians would play a game called baggataway.

Pontiac In Trouble Pontiac was in trouble since they didn't have the

weapons that the British had supplied by ships. Finally, in desperation, Pontiac sent a messenger to

the French, but advised Pontiac to give it up. In July 1766 there was a peace treaty and Pontiac

was there and stood up and worked to make peace with the British and the Indians for the remainder of his life.

It was because of his Pro-British attitude that his fellow Indians in Illinois murdered Pontiac in the spring of 1769. he was buried in St. Louis.

Post The RevolutionDuring the Revolutionary War, settlers in Michigan

favored British rule and often raided American settlements.  At the end of the war in 1783, Michigan came under American control.  Detroit and Fort Mackinac however, did not surrender until 1796.

In 1787, Michigan became part of the Northwest Territory.  In 1805, the Lower Peninsula and the eastern part of the Upper Peninsula became the Territory of Michigan.  Britain recaptured Detroit and Fort Mackinac during the War of 1812, and then returned it at the end of the war two years later.

“Mad Anthony”O When the Indians attitude was escalating George

Washington called on “Mad Anthony” Wayne. Wayne excepted the command.

O Wayne drilled his men for over a year. he even trained them to yell like Indians. Also sent spies.

O In June 30 and July 1, 1794, attacked but suffered severe casualties and had to retreat.

O Wayne had proof that a number of British militiamen were mixed with the savages in the attack.

O Wayne was completely victorious 33 of his men were killed and 100 were wounded.

O He burned down some villages and marched into what is now Indiana and built Fort Wayne under his name.

Establishment Thomas Jefferson was the president when the territory of Michigan was

established. The first person to be named governor of Michigan was William Hull in

1805. Jefferson appointed Stanley Griswold, Augustus Woodward, Fredrick

bates, and Samuel Huntington as secretaries of the territory. on June 11, 1805 when the towns’ baker John Harvey went on his

pony to get some flour, wind caught sparks from his pipe and burned the town.

Woodward saw a new plan to rebuild Detroit, he secured a plan that was made for the nation’s capital made by Pierre L'Enfant.

After a decade the plan was undid by Witherell and Governor Lewis Cass and now its downtown Detroit.

The Plan

Another Fight A fight broke out between the Indians and the Americans the

British sided with the Indians and captured hull.

Hull was sentenced to be shot, but the president set that aside due to Hull's good record during the Rev. War.

Lt. Oliver Hazard Perry and William Harrison came to take command of the army in March 1813.

On august 5th Perry and Harrison defeated the British army and opened the doors to capture Detroit.

Two days latter the British forces were pulled out of Detroit after burning the public buildings.

On Oct 19 Perry and Harrison left for Niagara and left Cass the commander. Ten days later president Madison appointed Cass governor of Michigan he would retain that for 8 years.

A New Destination Edward Tiffin, Surveyor general of the U.S reported to president

Madison early 1816 that Michigan apparently consisted of swamps, lakes, and poor, sandy soil not worth the cost of Surveying.

It was because of the Tiffin's report that there was little settling in Michigan until 1820ʼs.

From 1830 to 1837 Michigan was the most popular destination for westward- moving pioneers.

By 1833, sales in Michigan accounted for slightly more than a tenth of the income received from this source in the country.

Population was increasing year by year in Michigan. New comers were from New york.

The largest number of inhabitants in1837-23,400 or over 13 percent of the state's total population- lived in Wayne county.

in 1837 Michigan was admitted into the Union as a state, thirty-eight counties had been established.

“The Boy Governor” Appointed by Pres. Jackson, only nineteen years of

age, Stevens Thomson Mason, became the first governor of Michigan to hold that position for two terms.

First Governor of the state. Mason is the youngest State Governor In

American history. He was loved by Michiganians and still is today.

The Toledo War The clash between Ohioans and Michiganians that took place in

1835 has been called the Toledo war. By the time a former Ohio governor Edward Tiffin, was the surveyor

general of the United States. He employed William Harris to survey the boundary, but instructed him to run the line in accordance with the provision of the United States.

Governor Cass protested that Tiffin was not carrying out, as a result a second survey was made in 1818 by John A. Fulton.

Someone discovered some technical shortcomings in the Fulton survey, and a new one was ordered.

It was surveyed by Talcott which coincided with the Fulton line. Meanwhile in Washington the senate after a debate passed a bill

upholding Ohio and accepting the Harris line as the official boundary.

The Harris Line

“This was no comfort Old Hickory, who had his eyes fixed on the next election and worried no end about all those votes his party would lose in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois if he came out in support of Michigan. With no choice Jackson sent two commissioners to Detroit to try and settle with Mason who said he would refrain if Lucas stayed out the Strip. Mason rejected their proposal than they went back to Mason and told him Jackson would remove him from office if he starts arresting Ohioans who tried to exercise authority in the disputed strip. Mason would not back down: he told them it would be usurpation and tyranny to remove him for enforcing the law.”

Mason was not bluffing he went to the strip and arrested any Ohioans he found who refused to leave by a specified time. He also arrested nine surveyors who were re- marking the Harris line for Ohio.

*One explanation for the origin of the name “Wolverines” for Michiganians is that it was invented by the Ohioans as a suitable nickname, since the wolverine has the reputation of being a particularly vicious and ornery animal.

*A compromise that called for the acceptance of the Harris line to satisfy Ohio but gave Michigan a large area in what is now the upper Peninsula.

*On Sept, 10, 1835 less than a month before the election Governor mason received a letter from Secretary of State John Forsyth notifying him the dismissal as secretary of Michigan because of the dispute for the Toledo Strip. Replaced by John S. Horner.

*On January 26, 1837 President Jackson signed the bill that made Michigan the 26th state.