gbk v - jagannath universityjnu.ac.bd/psy/monokotha 2017 (1) (2).pdf · gbk_v 05 avwg we‡klfv‡e...
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S.L Teachers Name Designation E-mail Address Mobil number01 Professor Dr. Kazi Saifuddin Professor E-mail: [email protected] 01985113649
02 Professor Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha ProfessorChairman
E-mail: [email protected] 01726-028112
03 Professor Dr. Noor Muhammad Professor E-mail: [email protected] 01717-228783
04 Dr. Muhammad Akram Uzzaman Associate Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01718-645841
05 Dr. Fatema-Tu-Zohra Binte Zaman Associate Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01817-562999
06 Dr. Farjana Ahmed (1) Associate Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01763-031119
07 Md. Sahinuzzaman Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01920-828714
08 Farzana Ahmed (2) Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01633372404
09 Md. Nore Nobi Nirobe Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01752-777215
10 H M Saidur Rahaman (Study leave) Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01712646025
11 Md. Shaheen Mollah Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01716-030211
12 Kishor Roy Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01717-872938
13 Syed Muhammad Sajjad Kabir Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01761491036
14 Kazi Nur Hossain Assistant Professor
E-mail: kazinur [email protected] 01731175967
15 Samsad Afrin Himi (Study leave) Lecturer E-mail: [email protected] 01719-658404
16 Munira Azhar Urmee Assistant Professor
E-mail: [email protected] 01557-371043
17 Rajeka Fardosh Tany Assistant Professor
[email protected] 01916-269046
18 Hamida Akter Assistant Professor
E-mail:- [email protected] 01924-987369
19 Sanjida Khan (Study learn) Assistant Professor
E-mail:- [email protected] 01711-396981
20 Shamima Akter Assistant Professor
E-mail:- [email protected] 01676-322906
21 Rahama Rahim Lecturer E-mail:[email protected] 01912921297
22 Jannatul ferdous Lecturer E-mail:[email protected] 01796640634
List of Faculty Members
gbK_v 11
S.L Name Department E-mail Address Mobil number01 Md. Alamgir Hossain Section Officer (G-1) [email protected] 01722-32514502 Md. Saiful Islam Senior Lab Technician [email protected] 01734-48044703 Md. Esha Khan Office Assistant [email protected] 0191727438404 Most Fouzia Begum Office Assistant 01816-46498105 Md. Abdul Jalil Lab Assistant [email protected] 01721-14037007 Md. Mostfa Kamal M. L. S.S [email protected] 01718-03317306 Abdur Rahman Nannu M. L. S.S [email protected] 01716-16147108 Md Mozibur Rahaman Lift Operator 0173629702909 Sabitry Das Cleaner 01731530588
None Academic Staff
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During our adult lives, a large proportion of our time is spent at work. Our experience in the workplace is one of the factors determining our overall wellbeing. Employers and managers who put in place workplace initiatives to promote mental health and to support employees who have mental disorders see gains not only in the health of their employees but also in their productivity at work. A negative working environment, on the other hand, may lead to physical and mental health problems, harmful use of substances or alcohol, absenteeism and lost productivity.
Depression and anxiety disorders are common mental disorders that have an
impact on our ability to work, and to work productively. Globally, more than 300 million people suffer from depression, the leading cause of disability. More than 260 million are living with anxiety disorders. Many of these people live with both. A recent WHO-led study estimates that depression and anxiety disorders cost the global economy US$ 1 trillion each year in lost productivity.
Mental health in the workplace is the theme of World Mental Health Day 2017. World Mental Health Day is observed on 10 October every year, with the overall objective of raising awareness of mental health issues and mobilizing efforts in support of better mental health.
World Mental Health Day 2017Mental health in the Workplace
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The Rohingya of Myanmar is a severely persecuted minority who form one of the largest groups of stateless people living in refugee camps in southeastern Bangladesh. There has been little research available into the mental health consequences of war, displacement and other historical trauma facing by the Rohingya people in the refugee camps located in Coxsbazar district in Bangladesh. A recent visit by the researcher into 6 Rohingya camps in these areas i.e. Kutupalong, Nayapara and other refugee camps in Coxsbazar shows that high levels of mental health are concerns such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, somatic complaints, family conflict, drug addiction, and associated functional impairment are very common. Participants also endorsed local idioms of distress, including somatic complaints very high levels of daily environmental stresses associated with life in the camps, including problems with food, lack of freedom of movement, and concerns regarding safety. Thus, it is very important to conduct a study on the above title so that the findings will help us to take the appropriate mental health intervention and prepare a strategic plan for the Rohingya people living in the camps.The WHO mhGAP aims to scale up services for mental, neurological and substance use disorders, especially in low and middle income countries. Even where resources are scarce, with quality care, psychosocial assistance and medication, people with common mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and epilepsy can lead normal lives. WHO remains committed to support the Government of Bangladesh and the partner agencies in addressing the health challenges determined by the recent influx of Rohingya population in Coxsbazr district. More than half of all children in refugees- at least 170,000 in Rohingya children in different camps are at risk of psychological and social distress. For at least 50,000 of them, the stress can be toxic and can result in lifelong damage, says international charitable organization World Vision, which calls for a scale up in psychosocial interventions for children.Fighting has driven out more than 655,000 people from Myanmar’s Rakhine State in Bangladesh since August 2017, notes the Inter Sector Coordination Group (ISCG), in collaboration with humanitarian partners. Aid groups, including World Vision, have
reached 120,839 boys and girls with psychosocial support to help address the psychological and social effects of the emergency through child-friendly spaces. Some 28,000 young boys and girls have attended adolescent clubs to learn life skills. “These numbers are only the tip of a mental health iceberg,” said Fred Witteveen, World Vision’s National Director in Bangladesh. There are still thousands of children who need urgent psychosocial care.After an emergency, lack of timely psychosocial care can impair a child’s mental, emotional, social, and physical development; in extreme specialized cases, lack of psychosocial support can result in complex, lifelong psychological disturbance. The younger children are the most vulnerable, these girls and boys are to toxic stress, which happens when the body’s stress response system is activated after a prolonged period without adequate care. There was a direct effect of trauma exposure on mental health outcomes (PTSD symptoms), daily environmental stressors partially mediated this relationship (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28540768). Depression symptoms were associated with daily stresses, but not prior trauma exposure. These findings indicate that daily stresses play a vital role in mental health outcomes of populations affected by collective violence and statelessness. It is, therefore, important to consider the role and effects of environmental stresses associated with life in refugee camps on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of stateless populations such as the Rohingya, living in protracted human environments.Over 20 primary health care workers in Cox’s Bazar, including physicians, clinical psychologists, counselors, and Social Workers from government facilities and nongovernment organizations are attending training on the assessment and management of priority mental disorders through the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Program- mhGAP. The three day training from 21 to 23 November is being organized by the Directorate General of Health Services, in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health and supported by the World Health Organization was essential for emergency crisis management. But it is now important to know the prevalence of mental health types among the Rohigya people living in the camps.
Mental Health Status among Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshProfessor Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha, Chairman, Department of PsychologyJagannath Univeristy, Dhaka
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Within the present humanitarian crisis, there is an immense and urgent need to provide mental health and psychosocial support for the host and Rohingya refugee communities (http://www.searo.who.int/bangladesh/mhealth/en/) in Bangladesh in a systematic manner. Strengthening mental health service provision is an essential part of the emergency response. By training primary health care workers in the assessment and management of priority mental disorders, the majority of mental health conditions can be treated in non-specialized health settings. The present training covers depression, acute stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But no such baseline survey on the prevalence of mental health status in the Refugee camps has been conducted to make strategy and provide mental health support for them. Shelter for Ronhinga Refugee now is not only issue for Bangladesh it is now a global concern. To fight mental health problems of people living in the Rohingya camps let me give you a picture and current scenario in the camps: ‘Chronic stress’ in campsScott says MSF’s mental health program is now scaling up - adding 10 more counselors to the seven they already have and setting up more medical posts. In her experience, she says, Rohingya does not seek help citing mental health problems, but their “emotions or stress … present as a physical problem” like headaches or backaches. At the beginning of the crisis, Scott says they “received probably the most vulnerable”. “Most people, even if they’ve suffered these huge traumas, witnessing horrific things, they had to keep going just to get basic shelter, food and water and so the people presenting to us were the ones that could not manage that,” she said, adding that most people are able to recover from the trauma.For the most part, people are “having a normal response to an abnormal situation”. The concern is where acute trauma begins to affect people’s ability to function. She anticipates that in the next few months, as people start to settle in the camps, there’ll be “more of the mental conditions that are lasting”. And while these refugees have escaped the violence in Myanmar, she said the dire conditions in the camps - the World Health Organization has begun distributing cholera vaccines fearing an outbreak - give rise to a different kind of “chronic stress”. Over time, tensions and frustrations in the camps will grow, she believes. “If people start suffering from chronic stress, then tempers start flaring quickly, people get angry quickly, there’s more family violence, women is getting beaten more ... there’s more sexual violence,” she said. She says
she has probably seen the worst cases as they are the ones that make it to the hospital - people who are “just kind of lost in their own mind” and “not able to think, not able to know what to do to keep their families safe or to find food”.For her, some of the most heartbreaking have involved teenage girls with intellectual disabilities who were raped repeatedly. They’ve found the families of some, she says, but there’s an absence of shelters for people with disabilities where they’ll be protected from being abused again. For now, she’s had to keep some of these girls at the MSF hospital. “You cannot just put someone like that in a shelter, alone,” she said. For sound mental health, basic needs must be fulfilled, and then, normal everyday routines must be established, she said, stressing the need for special supported shelters and schools that will help children to adjust. The ‘resilience’ of childrenAccording to Scott, children are resilient, but also vulnerable without proper support. “They’ve witnessed a lot of horrible things. They’ve seen people killed, they’ve seen their mothers raped, they have missing relatives. We had children shot in the back while running away.” Back at the children’s space, as the playing winds down, Wayne Bleier, a child protection and psycho-social specialist at UNICEF, points out that the children are in a space where they can be just that.“I’m always heartened by the resilience I see in children and their ability to cope and to heal themselves,” he said. With support, connection to a community, specialized programs and security restored, most will be okay, he says. A stable family situation can also be crucial. For now, the host community has been welcoming, he adds. “That goes a long way for healing. They feel safe here.” But he points to the uncertainty of the future. “What worries me here is refugees are in limbo, and they’re not getting a clear message now as to what the future holds - and that wears on people.” Thus, to reduce the mental health sufferings of the Rohinga people living in Bangladesh is ours prime concern. Now all the national and international NGO’s are working in the refugee camps. This is their prime concern for crisis management. Otherwise, we may have to face difficult situations in near future. Moreover, being a Psychologist and a development worker we need to prepare a clear strategy to overcome the current situation of the Rohingas to improve their mental health condition, thus they will also do no harm to others.
E-mail: [email protected]
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Jagannath University Journal of Psychology[JnUJP] Publishing Since 2011
Instruction for AuthorsCall for Papers
The Jagannath University Journal of Psychology announces here with a call for scientific articles for its next volume to be published in December, 2018. Submitting paper should be in close connection with the psychology or behavioral fields based on the empirical research, paper review, theory formation or invention.
Manuscript PreparationThe manuscript must be written following the style outline of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association shortly instructed below:The manuscript must be written in English, typed in MS Word with double space, 12-PT Times New Roman, on the A4 sheets (the paper should not exceed 5000 words all together) leaving an appropriate margin (left and top 3-cm, right and bottom 2-cm) and should be numbered from the Title page.
1. One hard copy of each manuscript along with a CD, and/or soft copy through e-mail (word version in attach file) should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief as mentioned below.
2. The first page should contain: Title, Name(s) and Affiliation of Author(s), Address of corresponding author including e-mail address and cell number.
3. The 2nd page includes: Title, Short-running head, Abstract within 200 words, and Key-words (maximum 5).4. From the 3rd Page (i) Introduction (without heading), (ii) Method, (iii) Results, (iv) Discussion and Conclusion,
Acknowledgements (if any), References, Appendix (if any), etc.5. Minimum number of Tables or Figures should be cited not repeating each other.6. Authors are requested to make necessary language corrections before submitting a manuscript to JnUJP.
References (for Journal):Sattar, A. M., Raihan, S. M., & Green, N. (2012). Visual perception of the aboriginal peoples towards environmental
degradation. Journal of Visual Sciences, 30(2), 234-241.
For Book/Chapter:Sharon, P. M., and Allaen, M. (2010). Introduction to Psychology. In Laurence, D. and Ando, Y. (Eds.). Psychology in
everyday life (pp. 30-47). University Press Limited. Dhaka.Sharon, P. M. (2010). Psychology in everyday life. University Press Limited. Dhaka.
For Short Communications:1. The length of a paper must include the text, figures and tables all together in double-space maximum 4 pages.2. The abstract should not be added, and the list of references should be as small as possible.3. Other regulations are the same as for contributions of full papers.
The manuscript should be sent to:Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha, PhDChairman (Editor-in-Chief), Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.Cell: +880-1726028112. E-mail: [email protected]
Last Date of Submission (Deadline): August 31, 2018
gbK_v18
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n‡Z cv‡i Zv bZzb Kv‡iv mv‡_ cwiwPZ nIqv ev A‡Pbv
fvj _vKyb! fvj ivLyb!
ˆmq`�gynv¤§`�mv¾v`�Kexi
gbK_v 19
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I Avbw›`Z wQ‡jb| AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªKZv I AvgviUv Av‡M
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cvi‡ev bv!
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gbK_v20
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gvbwms‡ni Zievwi †f‡O †Mj| Ckv Lvu Abvqv‡m GB
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gvbwms‡ni gb Rq Ki‡jv, `yB c‡ÿi mwÜ n‡jv,
gvbwmsn w`jøx wd‡i †M‡jb| gnvbyfeZv cÖ`k©b bv K‡i
Ckv Lvu gvbwmsn‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, cwiYv‡g w`jøx
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Ckv Lvui c‡ÿ m¤¢e nZ bv| Ckv Lvui gnvbyfeZv Zvu‡K
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Rxeb‡K ¯^Mx©q K‡i †Zv‡j|
¯^cœ‡K eo Kiæb: Jcb¨vwmK KzU fv‡bMv‡U©i fvlvq
Avgiv wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© hv Kíbv Kwi Avgiv Avm‡j Zv-
B| cÖPwjZ cÖev` Av‡Q gMWvj jÿ¨ K‡i Zxi Pvjv‡j
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†Kv‡bv Kvc©b¨ _vK‡e bv|
eZ©gvb KiYxqUzKz Kiæb: ̀ vk©wbK Kbdzwmqvm e‡jwQ‡jb
†h cvnvo mwi‡q †d‡j †mI ïiæ K‡i †QvU cv_i enb
K‡i| mdj gvby‡li A‡b‡KiB ¯^cœ c~i‡Yi Av‡M
AwaKvsk welq Zv‡`i wbqš¿‡Y wQj bv| mgq Zv‡`i
GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Q †h‡nZz Zviv j‡ÿ¨ AwePj wQ‡jb|
†hUzKz Kiv m¤¢e Zviv Zv K‡i‡Qb, evwKUyKz cÖK…wZi
mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q‡Qb| Avm‡j wek¦vm hLb P‡j Av‡m
ZLb mvgwMÖK m‡PZbZv †_‡K mn‡hvMx kw³ P‡j Av‡m,
cÖK…wZ Avcbvi AbyK~‡j KvR Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
Avcwb fvj _vK‡j Avcbvi cwievi fvj _vK‡e, Avcbvi
cÖwZ‡ekx fvj _vK‡e, Avcbvi mgvR Z_v Avcbvi †`k
fvj _vK‡e| myZivs Avcwb fvj _vKzb, ZLb Avcbvi
Pvicvk Ggwb‡ZB fvj _vK‡e| AZGe fvj _vKzb
Ab¨‡KI fvj ivLyb|
[Drm: Essentials of Counseling – Syed Muhammad Sajjad
Kabir, Abosar Publication, April 2017; evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRZË¡
- ‰mq` gynv¤§` mv¾v` Kexi I Ab¨vb¨, Aemi cªKvkbx, gvP©
2016; Ges †Kvqv›Uvg †g_W]
ˆmq` gynv¤§` mv¾v` Kexi
mnKvix Aa¨vcK
g‡bvweÁvb wefvM
RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv -1100
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ci ciB Zvi wkÿv MÖnY ïiæ nq| beRvZK Zvi gv‡qi
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2/3 w`‡bi wkïi nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z Av½yj †Quvqv‡j k³ K‡i
Zv‡K Zv a‡iI †dj‡Z †`Lv hvq| wkïwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q
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Aÿi¸‡jv‡K hw` `je× Kiv nq Z‡e Zv wb¤œiƒc-
1g `j- A, Av, Z
G wZbwU Aÿi wkLv‡Z n‡j ÔZÕ hw` Av‡M †kLv‡bv nq
Z‡e evwK `y‡UvI wkïi wkL‡Z myweav n‡e|
2q `j- K, S, F,
a, e, i
G ̀ ‡ji Aÿi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ hw` cÖ_‡g Ôe; wkï‡K †`Lv‡bv
nq Z‡e evwK Aÿi¸‡jvI Lye mn‡R †m wkL‡Z cvi‡e|
3q `j - B, n, C
4_© `j - D, E, W
o, O, R
f, `
5g `j- G, H, T
wkïi Abyfe I AwfÁZv Ges Aÿi Áv‡bi nv‡Z Lwo
gywbiv AvRnvi Eg©x, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM
gbK_v22
6ô- M, c, m
7g `j- P, Q
8g `j- U, X, p
9g `j- Y, _, b
10 `j- d, h, l
q, N, L
11Zg `j- g, k, j
12 Zg `j- I, J
‡QvU wkïiv cÖ_‡gB evsjv LvZvi jvBb †g‡c wjL‡Z
mgm¨vq co‡Z cv‡i e‡j mv`v †ev‡W© gvK©vi w`‡q A_ev
mv`v KvM‡R †cwÝj w`‡q Zv‡K evi evi wjL‡Z n‡e|
GLb cÖkœ nj GKwU wkï †Kb GB AvK…wZ¸‡jv‡K †`‡L
†`‡L wjL‡e ev co‡e? †Kbbv G¸‡jv wkïwUi Kv‡Q
A_©nxb| Zvi Pvicv‡k N‡U hvIqv †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ wK
Gme Aÿi¸‡jvi AvK…wZi wgj †m Lyu‡R cvq? bv| Z‡e
†Kb †m ûeû AbyKiY K‡i wjL‡e Gme Aÿi¸‡jv?
cÖK…Z A‡_,© Gme Aÿi¸‡jv Zvi Pvicv‡ki NUbv
ev e¯‘i mv‡_ †m I‡Zv‡cÖv‡Zvfv‡e RwoZ †mUv Zv‡K
eySv‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, 1g `‡j AšÍM©Z ÔZÕ †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡K
ejv †h‡Z cv‡i ÔZigyRÕ Zzwg †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡mv? GB
ÔZigyRÕ K_vwU ÔZÕ w`‡q wjLv nq| ÔZÕ †jLv †kLv‡bvi
Rb¨ Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Ò‡QvÆ GKUv ej Avu‡Kv,
Zvici e‡ji gv_v †_‡K Mvwo †hfv‡e PvjvI (f~ f~ kã
K‡i) wVK †mfv‡e f~..... kã K‡i †cwÝj w`‡q GKUv
Nyiv‡bv `vM Uv‡bv| Gici ÔZÕ Gi gv_vi `vM Uv‡bv|
Gici ÔZÕ Gi gv_vi Dci GKUv j¤^v jvwV †U‡b `vI|
Z‡eB n‡q hv‡e ÔZÕ| Gfv‡e ÔZÕ AÿiwU evi evi
wjLv‡j †m Gi AvK…wZ AvZ¥¯’¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ÔZÕ w`‡q
Zvi Pvicv‡ki hZ e¯‘ i‡q‡Q ZvI wPwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
†hgb- ÔZÕ w`‡q ÔZvjvÕ, ÔZvjÕ, ÔZiKvwiÕ G k㸇jv
Zv‡K ej‡Z n‡e|
Giƒcfv‡e cÖwZwU Aÿi wkïi Pvicv‡ki e¨envh© †Kvb
e¯‘wU‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e ejvi Rb¨ D”PvwiZ nq Zv Zv‡K
D`vniY w`‡q Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
Gfv‡e ÔZÕ AÿiwU wKfv‡e wjL‡Z nq Ges †Kvb †Kvb
e¯‘ ÔZÕ w`‡q D”PvwiZ nq Rvbvi ci wkï‡K ÔAÕ Ges
c‡i ÔAvÕ †jLv wkLv‡Z n‡e| G ch©v‡q G‡m Zv‡K ej‡Z
n‡e ÔZÕ Gi cv‡k GKUv j¤^v jvwV Gu‡K ÔZÕ Gi mv‡_
GUv‡K †Rvov jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡iKUv †QvU-jvwV GKUz
euvKv K‡i Avu‡Kv| Zv n‡j †hUv n‡e Zv‡K e‡j ÔAÕ|
Gevi ÔAÕ w`‡q wK wK kã nq Zv Zv‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
Gfv‡e ÔAÕ kãwUi ci ÔAvÕ †kLv‡Z n‡e ÔAÕ Gi cv‡k
Av‡iKwU jvwV `uvo Kwi‡q w`‡q| ÔAvÕ w`‡q nq ÔAvgÕ
hv Zv‡K ej‡Z I †`Lv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z ÔAvÕ AÿiwU Zvi
Kv‡Q A_©c~Y© n‡e| Gfv‡e evwK evsjv Aÿi¸‡jv wkï‡K
wkL‡Z mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h,
Aÿi w`‡q †h kãwU nq Zv †hb Zvi Pvicv‡ki e¨eüZ
e¯‘y¸‡jvi AšÍfy©³ nq, †m¸‡jv‡K †hb †m †`L‡Z, Quy‡Z,
NªvY wb‡Z ev †L‡Z cv‡i A_ev †m ‡Lj‡ZI †hb cv‡i|
Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡ÎI GKB c×wZ
AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡g GKB iKg Aÿi¸‡jv‡K
GK GKwU `‡j AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z n‡e| `j¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc
n‡Z cv‡it
1g `j t E, F, I, J, L, T, K
2q `j t A, H, M, N, U, Z
3q `j t C, G, O, Q
4_© `j t B, D
5g `j t V, W, X, Y
‡QvU nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv‡K AvK…wZMZ wgj †i‡L
wb‡¤œi b¨vq `jfz³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1g `j t o, a, b, d, p, q
2q `j t c, e
3q `j t f, t, I, i, j, k
4_© `j t m, n, r
5g `j t U, V, W, X, Y
eo nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ 1g `jwU‡K
hw` evQvB Kiv nq Z‡e cÖ_‡g Zv‡K ej‡Z n‡e GKUv
1 jvwV Avu‡Kv| Zvn‡j n‡e I (AvB), I-Gi mv‡_ Av‡iv
gbK_v 23
wZbUv †QvU jvwV †Rvov `vI Z‡e n‡e E, Gevi bx‡Pi
†QvU jvwVwU gy‡Q `vI Z‡e n‡e F| Avi E Gi Dc‡ii
`y‡Uv jvwV gy‡S †Kej bx‡Pi jvwVwU †i‡L w`‡j n‡e L|
Gevi I Gi gv_vq GKUv j¤^v jvwV jvMv‡j n‡e T, Avi
eo jvwVwUi mv‡_ `y‡Uv jvwV euvKv fv‡e †Rvov jvMv‡j
n‡e K| Avevi T Gi bx‡Pi gv_vwU GKUz evg w`‡K
evwK‡q w`‡q n‡e J|
†QvU nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ 1g `j
n‡Z AÿiwU‡K Av‡M wkLv‡Z n‡e| hv a wjL‡Z wkï‡`i
mnvqZv Ki‡e| Gici wkï †hb mn‡R g‡b ivL‡Z
cv‡i ‡mRb¨ Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Ô‡QvU ejwUi evg
w`‡K GKwU jvwV †Rvov w`‡j n‡e †QvU we/b, Wvbw`‡K
jvwVwU †Rvov jvMv‡j n‡e †QvU wW/d, evgw`‡K jvwVwU
`uvo Kwi‡q hw` Zzwg ejwU Wvbw`‡K Dc‡i AvuK Z‡e
n‡e wc/p, jvwVwU Gu‡K bx‡P GKwU cv w`‡q `vI Z‡e
Zv n‡e †QvU wKD/q wKš‘ GeviI GKB cÖkœ wkï Gme
A_©nxb AvK…wZ¸‡jv‡K †Kb wjL‡e Ges wkL‡e? Gme
AvK…wZ¸‡jv †kLv wkïi Rb¨ ZLbB mv_©K n‡e hw`
Zv‡K Rvbv‡bv nq Gme Aÿi¸‡jv w`‡q wK wK kã nq|
†hgb; E w`‡q Egg, F w`‡q Fan, I w`‡q Ice-cream, J w`‡q Jug, L w`‡q Lego, T w`‡q Tea Ges K w`‡q nq
King, G me k㸇jvi mv‡_ †m cÖwZw`bB cwiwPZ nq
†Kbbv Zvi LvIqv, †Ljbv BZ¨vw` ̂ `bw›`b Kv‡R Gm‡ei
e¨envi Av‡Q|
Gfv‡e wkï hLb evsjv I Bs‡iwR me¸‡jv Aÿi GKUv
GKUv K‡i wk‡L †dj‡e ZLb Zv‡K GKev‡i me¸‡jv
¯^ieY© A_ev e¨ÄbeY© A_ev Bs‡iwR eo nv‡Zi Aÿi
ev †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi¸‡jv ej‡Z I †jL‡Z ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i| †m hw` me¸‡jv Aÿi‡K GKev‡i ej‡Z I
†jL‡Z cv‡i Z‡e †mUv Zv‡K GKUv cy‡iv KvR mgvß
Kivi Avb›` cÖ`vb Ki‡e hv Zv‡K cieZx©‡Z e„nr cwim‡i
wkÿv MÖn‡Y AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡e| Gfv‡eB GKwU wkïi
Aÿi Áv‡bi nv‡Z Lwo nIqv DwPZ hv Zvi Abyfe I
AwfÁZvi dj| †Kbbv ÔjvwV AuvKvÕ, Ôej AuvKvÕ, Ôf~....
K‡i Mvwo Pvjv‡bvÕ, G‡KKUv Aÿi w`‡q D”PvwiZ kã
Zv‡K †kvbv‡bv Ges Zvi Pvicv‡ki e¯‘¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zv‡K
Aÿ‡ii gva¨‡g cwiwPZ K‡i †Zvjv- G mg¯Í KvR¸‡jvi
gva¨‡g wkïi Abyfe Kievi kw³ †R‡M I‡V| cvkvcvwk
wkï GB AwfÁZvq †cuŠQv‡e †h hv wKQz Pvicv‡k NU‡Q
Zvi mewKQz‡KB Aÿ‡i iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq, hv wKQzB †m
†`L‡Q, ïb‡Q, NªvY wb‡”Q, ®úk© Ki‡Q, Lv‡”Q Ges fve‡Q
Zvi mewKQziB AvÿwiK iƒc i‡q‡Q| ZvB wkï I wkÿv
g‡bvweÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib, wkïi AÿiwfwËK Ávb nIqv
DwPZ Zvi Abyfe I AwfÁZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`evi gva¨‡g;
(†Kej wKQz AvK…wZ ev KvVv‡gv‡K bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kivi
gva¨‡g bq) hv Zv‡K cieZx© Rxe‡b †hŠw³K I ev¯Íeev`x
n‡Z wkLv‡e|
gbK_v24
AvRKvj jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Ggb
A‡bK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv me©ÿY †bwZevPK K_v ej‡Q|
nq wb‡R‡K wb‡q bZzev Ab¨‡K wb‡q| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU
welq wb‡qB Zviv Awf‡hvM K‡i, memgq nZvkve¨ÄK
wPšÍvfvebv jvjb K‡i| Gme gvbyl ïay wb‡R‡KB bq
Ab¨‡KI Zvi ̀ ‡j AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z Pvq| GiKg †bwZevPK
wPšÍvavivi AwaKvixiv wb‡Ri mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi Pvicv‡ki
mevi gvbwmK kw³‡K µgk `ye©j Ki‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK
eo cvwbi U¨vs‡K hw` myB cwigvb GKwU wQ`ª _v‡K,
Z‡e GK mgq we›`y we›`y cvwb co‡Z co‡Z Zv Lvwj
n‡q hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e ‡bwZevPK wPšÍvfvebvI gvby‡li
BwZevPK gvbwmK kw³‡K wkw_j K‡i †d‡j Avwg cvwi
bv, Avgv‡K w`‡q wKQz n‡e bv, Avgvi mv‡_ hv N‡U‡Q
meB Lvivc,-G RvZxq K_vevZ©v hw` †Kvb e¨w³ e‡j
Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e †m †bwZevPK g‡bvfvevcbœ|
nZvkv, wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î e¨_© nIqv, A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v,
kvixwiK Ac~Y©Zv A‡bK wKQz †_‡KB gvby‡li g‡b
†bwZevPK aviYv Avm‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mB fvebv‡K
hw` cÖkªq †`qv nq, Zvn‡jB †mUv gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨
ÿwZKi| Ggb fvebv Avm‡ZB cv‡i| wKš‘ fvebv‡K
mwi‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| †`Lyb †Zv wb‡Pi NUbv¸‡jv
Avcbvi Rxe‡b NU‡Q wK?
• Avcbvi eÜy evÜe, AvZœxq-¯^Rb, ïfvKv•Lx
µ‡gB wK K‡g hv‡”Q?
• Avcwb me©`vB Awf‡hvM K‡ib, Ggb cÖkœ DV‡Q
wK?
• wewfbœ Abyôv‡b Av‡Mi Zzjbvq Avcbv‡K Kg
wbgš¿Y K‡i wK?
hw` Dc‡ii cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi nu¨v nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e
†h, mevB Avcbv‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| Avcbvi
†bwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei Rb¨ GgbwU n‡j Zv mwZ¨B
`ytLRbK| †bwZevPK gvbyl‡K †KDB cQ›` K‡i bv|
mevB Avkvi evYx ïb‡Z Pvq| Avkvq euv‡P cÖvY| Rxe‡b
hw` AvkvB bv _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j Rxeb GK¯’v‡b ¯’wei n‡q
†h‡Zv| GRb¨ BwZevPK wPšÍvavivi gvbyl‡K mevB cQ›`
K‡i| mvg‡b GwM‡q Pjvq Ges wec‡` c_ †`Lv‡bvi
PvweKvwV _v‡K Zvi Kv‡Q| A‡b‡KB nqZ ej‡Z cv‡ib
Avgvi Rxe‡b GZ Lvivc wKQz N‡U‡Q †h, Avgvi c‡ÿ
BwZevPK wKQz wPšÍv Kiv Am¤¢e| †m‡ÿ‡Î ejv hvq mevi
Rxe‡bB Ggb A‡bK NUbv N‡U _v‡K| Møv‡m A‡a©K cvwb
fiv _vK‡j, Zv‡K A‡a©K Lvwj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv bv K‡i
fiv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiæb|
gvby‡li B”Qvkw³ Øviv meB m¤¢e| ïay cÖ‡qvRb ̀ „wófw½i
cwieZ©b Avbv| Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv †bwZevPK aiYv
†cvlb Kwi ev KiwQ, BwZevPK nIqvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³
wKQz c`‡ÿc AbymiY Ki‡Z cvwi hv m~Pbvwe›`y wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| AvkvKwi GB c`‡ÿc¸‡jv †g‡b
Pj‡Z cvi‡j wKQzUv n‡jI †bwZevPK g‡bvfve n«vm
cv‡e|
cÖ_gZ, hv Av‡Q Zv wb‡q nZvkv Ges hv †bB Zvi Rb¨
Avc‡mvm eÜ Kiv,
wØZxqZ, KvR ïiæ Kivi c~‡e©B djvdj wba©viY Kiv
Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e,
Z…ZxqZ, j‡ÿ¨ †cŠQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íem¤§Z c×wZ MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e,
PZz_©Z, wb‡Ri mxgve×Zv I AcviMZv‡K ‡g‡b †bqvi
Rb¨ gvbwmK fv‡e cÖ¯‘yZ _vKv| me©‡k‡l ejv hvq †h,
mdj nIqvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU KvR‡K K‡qKwU As‡k fvM
K‡i µgvš^‡q †QvU †_‡K eo Gfv‡e G‡Mv‡Z n‡e|
GKav‡c eo mvdj¨ A‡bK mgqB cvIqv hvq bv| wKš‘
†QvU †QvU jÿ¨ c~iY A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB m¤¢e nq| hvi
djkÖæwZ‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb AvZœwek¦vm ev‡o, Ab¨w`‡K
K‡g nZvkv| Gfv‡eB †bwZevPK wPšÍvaviv‡K ax‡i ax‡i
BwZevPK wPšÍv avivq ‡bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
BwZevPK ebvg †bwZevPK gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨
iv‡RKv †di‡`Šm Zvwb, mnKvix Aa¨vcK
gbK_v 25
gvbwmK †ivM m¤ú‡K© †ivMx I Zvi cwievi‡K m‡PZb
Kiv ev Gi jÿb I wPwKrmvi mv‡_ cwiwPwZ Kiv‡bvUv
g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †ek `y:¯‹i n‡q hvq|
KviY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq G wel‡q gvby‡li AÁZv ev
g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki mnR fvlvq ej‡Z cvivi AÿgZv|
Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g †_‡KB ZvB iƒcK ev Dcgv w`‡q
M‡íi Q‡j wPwKrmv c×wZi e¨envi ïiæ nq| GwiKmb
(1935, 1944) I Kc (1971, 1972) gvbwmK †iv‡Mi
wPwKrmvq Dcgvi e¨env‡i e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
gvbwmK †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq Metaphor e¨envi Kiv nq
g~jZ Mí ev iƒc‡Ki gva¨‡g †Kvb welq †K wfbœfv‡e
†`Lv ev `„wófw½ cwieZ©‡b BwZevPK fzwgKv ivLv| GUv
gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
RwUj welq eySvi GKwU c_ ̂ Zwi K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Aek¨B
e¨w³i ag©, RvZ ev ms¯‹…wZ †K gv_vq †i‡L Metaphor e¨envi KivUv evÂbxq|
Metaphor e¨envi KivUv mnR n‡jI msÁv †`qvUv
mnR bq| Metaphor e¨envi G AšÍwbwn©Z ZvwË¡K welq
_vK‡jI Zv ag©, RvZ ev ms¯‹…wZ †f‡` wfbœ n‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i| Avevi, Dcgvi cÖKvk fw½ hv‡Z g~j wel‡qi
mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq †mw`‡KI †Lqvj ivLv `iKvi| †hgb
Avgv‡`i wµ‡KUviiv Lye mvnmx GUv ejvi †P‡q Avgv‡`i
wµ‡KUviiv ev‡Ni ev”Pv ejv nq| G‡Z †hgb AvÿwiK
A_© cÖKvk cvq †Zgwb Kvwe¨K †mŠ›`h©¨ eRvq _v‡K|
gvbwmK †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i A‡bK †ekx
m„Rbkxj n‡Z nq| g‡bv‡ivM wPwKrmivq Dcgv e¨envi
m„RbkxjZviB GKwU Dcvq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| gvbwmK
†iv‡Mi jÿb I wPwKrmv Lye mnR‡eva¨ bq| d‡j †ivMx
ev Zvi cwievi‡K G wel‡q avibv ev cwiwPwZ NUv‡Z
g‡bvwPwKrm ev g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †ek †eM †c‡Z nq|
G †ÿ‡Î Metaphor ev Dcgv w`‡q M‡íi Q‡j †iv‡Mi
jÿb¸‡jv I wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v DÌvcb Ki‡j Zv eyS‡Z
mnR n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU †Km w`‡q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvK|
ivbx (QÙbvg) 18 eQi eqmx Mv‡g©ÝKgx©, 2013 mv‡j
N‡U hvIqv ivbv cøvRv aŸ‡mi fqven ̀ ~N©Ubvi wkKvi †m|
kvixwiK AvNvZ¸‡jv †m‡i DV‡jI gvbwmK hš¿Yv †_‡K
gyw³ †g‡jwb Zvi| GL‡bv `yt¯^‡cœ †mme `„k¨ †`‡L f‡q
mvivivZ †R‡M _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S g‡b nq †mB w`‡bi
gZ me †f‡½ co‡Q Avi †m AvU‡K †M‡Q aŸsm ¯‘~‡ci
wb‡P| Zxeª fq, AvZsK, nZvkvq w`b Kv‡U Zvi| g‡b
nq †h †Kvb mg‡q NU‡e Avev‡iv ‡mB GKB NUbv| d‡j,
Gwo‡q P‡j mvfv‡ii †mB iv¯Ív, †Uwjwfkb ev cwÎKvq
aŸsm ¯‘~c ev jv‡ki Qwe, GgbwK †KD ivbv cøvRv wb‡q
K_v ej‡jI ivbxi g‡a¨ A¯^w¯Í ïiæ n‡q hvq| GLb †m
g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q Zvi Zxeª fq I AvZsK
†_‡K gyw³i c_ LyuR‡Z| DSM Abymv‡i GwU Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Gi jÿb hv wek¦
Ry‡o GKwU cÖPwjZ †iv‡Mi bvg| G †iv‡M cÖPwjZ wKQz
jÿb †hgb: cyb:AwfÁZv ev Reexperiencing, AwZ
mZ©KZv ev Hypervigilence, wb‡R‡K mwi‡q ivLv ev
Avoiding, Abyf~wZ k~Y¨ nIqv ev Numbness hv mn‡R
Metaphor w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
cybtAwfÁZv ev Reexperiencing: aiv hvK, GKwU
†Ljvi P¨v‡b‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KU †Ljvi Py¤^K Ask
‡`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| wKš‘y GLv‡b ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KU
†Ljvi f~j AvDU n‡jB evievi †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| †Kvb
Pvi/Qq ev fvj w`K †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q bv| wµ‡KU f³
wn‡m‡e Zv †`‡L ‡gRvR Lvivc n‡q hvevi K_v| wVK
GKBfv‡e PTSD †Z AvµvšÍ e¨w³i g‡a¨ me©`v Av‡Mi
N‡U hvIqv AvNvZg~jK NUbvi Highlights Pj‡Z _v‡K
†hLv‡b ïaygvÎ K‡ói ev AvZs‡Ki NUbv¸‡jv evi evi
†Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m D‡V hv †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv ˆZwi
K‡i| Avevi, Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq AvNvZ g~jK NUbv¸‡jv
Face book-G †`qv GKwU Qwei gZ †`Lvq †hLv‡b fz‡j
mgq D‡jøL (Time tag) Kiv nqwb| d‡j Av‡Mi N‡U
hvIqv fqvbK `„k¨¸‡jv‡K eZ©gv‡bi e‡j g‡b K‡i Avi
Zxeª fv‡e AvZswKZ n‡q c‡o|
AwZ mZ©KZv ev Hypervigilence: †`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
e¨w³‡`i Av‡k cv‡k AwZ mZK© Ae¯’vq †`niÿx
†`Lv hvq hv‡Z †mB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³wUi mv‡_ ‡Kvb
g‡bvwPwKrmvq Metaphor: mn‡R eySv Avi eySv‡bvi Dcvq
mvbwR`v Lvb, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
gbK_v26
AbvKvw•LZ NUbv NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AvµvšÍ
e¨w³ivI †`niÿx‡`i gZ me©ÿb wb‡R‡K cvnviv w`‡Z
_v‡K †hb GKUz AmZK© n‡j Avev‡iv NU‡e †mB NUbv|
Avi GB AwZmZK©Zvi d‡j Zv‡`i Av‡Mi gZ ¯^vfvweK
Rxeb hvc‡b e¨vNvZ N‡U †hgb: Ny‡gi mgm¨v, wLUwL‡U
†gRvR, g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Afve BZ¨vw`|
wb‡R‡K mwi‡q ivLv ev Avoiding: AvNvZg~jK
NUbv¸‡jv e¨vw³i gv_vq GKwU ivevi e¨vÛ Gi gZB
†eu‡P _v‡K| K‡ói ¯§„wZ¸‡jv‡K hZB `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z
Pvq Zv ivevi e¨v‡Ûi gZ ZZ †ewk †Rv‡i e¨v_v †`q|
Gi gv‡b, AvNvZg~jK NUbvi ¯’vb, m¤úwK©Z e¨w³
Ab~f~wZ ev Av‡jvPbv †_‡K wb‡R‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡j
Kó evo‡e ‰e Kg‡e bv|
Ab~f~wZ k~Y¨ nIqv ev Numbness: Zxeª AvNv‡Zi wkKvi
e¨w³ A‡bK mgq Abyf~wZnxb n‡q c‡o| welqUv A‡bKUv
†Kv‡Ki †evZ‡j AvU‡K cov ey`ey‡`i gZ| †evZ‡j wQwc
Ly‡j w`‡j †fZ‡ii cvbxq Qz‡U †ewo‡q Av‡m, †Zgwb
gvbwmK mnvqZv †c‡j g‡bi eÜ wQwcUv Ly‡j Zxeªfv‡e
Abyf~wZ¸‡jv †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i|
Gfv‡e wPwKrmvi cÖwZwU av‡c Dcgvi e¨envi †ivMx‡K
†hgb wPwKrmv cÖwµqv‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i ‡Zv‡j †Zgwb
wPwKrmv cÖwµqv‡K gm„©Y I MwZkxj K‡i|
References:Blenkiron: P(2010); Stories and Analogies in
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Witztum. E. Van. D, H & Friedman. B (1988); The Use of Metaphors in Psychotherapy
gbK_v 27
mšÍvb‡K wVK c‡_ M‡o Zzj‡Qb †Zv?
iv‡ngv iwng ¯^Y©v, cÖfvlK, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
ÒAvcbvi wK gv‡S gv‡S g‡b nq bv †h Avcbvi nv‡Z
hw` GKwU wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j Avcwb nq‡Zv
Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi Awbqwš¿Z AvPib¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿b Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb?Ó
GKwU mšÍvb c„w_ex‡Z AvMg‡bi ci †_‡K †h‡Kvb
`¤úwZi Rxe‡b we¯Íi cwieZ©b NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i,
Mf©avi‡bi ci †_‡KB wcZvgvZv ¯^cœ eyb‡Z ïiæ K‡ib
wKfv‡e mšÍvb‡K M‡o Zzj‡eb †h n‡e Zv‡`i fwel¨‡Zi
DËim~ix| KviY R‡b¥i ci †_‡K GKwU wkïi Rxe‡bi
cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i kvixwiK e„w×i cvkvcvwk gvbwmK weKvk
I NU‡Z _v‡K| Avi ZvB ïaygvÎ kvixwiK weKvkB bq
wcZvgvZv‡K Zvi mšÍv‡bi gvbwmKfv‡e †e‡o DVv wb‡qI
m‡Pó _vK‡Z nq|
mšÍvb jvjb cvjb GKw`‡K †hgb Avb‡›`i, Ab¨w`‡K
†ek P¨v‡jwÄs| KviY cÖwZwU wkïB wfbœ Ges Zv‡`i
Pvwn`v¸‡jv µgvMZ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK mgq
†`Lv hvq †h, m¤ú~Y© wfbœ cwi‡e‡k eo nIqv m‡Ë¡I wKQz
wKQz wkïi g‡a¨ AvPiYMZ ev e¨w³‡Z¡ wgj cvIqv hvq|
Avevi Ab¨w`‡K GKB cwi‡e‡k GgbwK GKB cwiev‡i
†e‡o DVv m‡Ë¡I wKQy wkïi e¨w³‡Z¡ wfbœZv †`Lv hvq|
g‡bvweÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib †h Gi Rb¨ wcZv gvZvi
jvjb-cvjb c×wZ Ges mšÍv‡bi Dci †m¸‡jvi cÖfve
`vqx| GKwU NUbvi gva¨‡g GB c×wZMZ wfbœZv¸‡jv
Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK-
Ò`yB eÜz ivnvZ I wUcy (QÙbvg) GKw`b †`vKvb †_‡K
†ek wKQz PK‡jU Pzwi K‡i Av‡b| ivnvZ evwo †divi
ci Zvi evev gv hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡i, ZLb Zviv Zv‡K
wb‡q cÖPÛ wPrKvi †PuPv‡gwP K‡ib Ges GK chv©‡q Zv‡K
gviai K‡i mviv ivZ wKQz †L‡Z bv w`‡q `iRv eÜ K‡i
iv‡Lb| wKš‘ Zviv Pzwi Kiv ‡Kb AbywPZ ev wK Kvi‡b †m
Pzwi Ki‡jv †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb w`Kwb‡`©kbv ev Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡jb bv|
Ab¨w`‡K, wUcy evwo †divi ci Zvi evev gv hLb e¨vcviwU
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb ZLb Zviv Zv‡K ̀ yB mßv‡ni Rb¨ PK‡jU
LvIqv wb‡la Ki‡jb Ges †`vKv`vi‡K PK‡jU wdwi‡q
w`‡q Zvi Kv‡Q ÿgv PvB‡Z ej‡jb| AZtci Zviv wUcyi
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb †h †Kb Pzwi Kiv Ab¨vq ev GKwU
fzj KvR Ges cvkvcvwk fwel¨‡Z G ai‡bi KvR Avi bv
Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡jb|Ó
Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvq GKB NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i ̀ yB cwievi
`yB ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv Ki‡jb| †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Zv‡`i
jvjb c×wZ‡Z wfbœZv i‡q‡Q hv Zv‡`i mšÍv‡bi †e‡o
DVvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve †dj‡e| cÖ_g cwiev‡ii
evev gv‡K ejv nq KZ…©Z¡civqb evev gv, hviv memgq
KwVb wbqg ˆZix K‡i †`b wKš‘ †m¸‡jvi †cQ‡b wK
KviY ev †Kb Ki‡Z n‡e Zviv Zvi †Kvb e¨vL¨v †`b
bv| †Kvb Kvi‡b mšÍvb †m¸‡jv cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j Zviv
K‡Vvi kvw¯Í cÖ`vb K‡ib| A_©vr Zviv memgq Av‡`k
K‡ib Ges cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib †h mšÍvb memgq †mwUB cvjb
Ki‡e|
Ab¨w`‡K wØZxq cwiev‡ii evev-gv‡K ejv nq KZ©„Z¡e¨ÄK
evev-gv| hviv wbqg Kvbyb w`Kwb‡`©kbv ˆZix K‡i †`b
cvkvcvwk †m¸‡jvi wK KviY Zvi e¨vL¨v w`‡q _v‡Kb
Ges cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib †h mšÍvb †m¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡e, Z‡e
†Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` †m wbqg gvb‡Z e¨_© nq Zvn‡j Zviv
Zzjbvg~jK hZœkxj I ÿgvkxj n‡q _v‡Kb| A_©vr Zviv
Lye †ewk kvw¯Í‡K cÖvavb¨ bv w`‡q eis Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv
Kivi ‡Póv K‡ib fyj ms‡kvab K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨|
GQvovI Av‡iv `yB ai‡bi jvjb-cvjb c×wZ i‡q‡Q|
A‡bK mgq wKQz evev gv Av‡Qb GKUz Kg wbqgZvwš¿K,
Zviv mšÍv‡bi e¨vcv‡i †¯œnkxj _vK‡j I AmvgÄm¨fv‡e
w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡Kb| A_©¨vr A‡bK mgq fyj
KvRMy‡jv‡KI cÖkÖq †`b| Zviv wcZv gvZvi f~wgKvi
†P‡q eÜzmyjf f~wgKvB †ewk cvjb K‡ib| G ai‡bi
evev gv A‡bK †ewk Aby‡gv`b wcÖq n‡q _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i
mšÍvb mvaviYZ cieZx©‡Z ciwbf©ikxj, wek„•Lj ev Kg
AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wKQy evev-gv mšÍv‡bi
†gŠwjK ev Lye cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v¸‡jv Qvov Avi †Kvb
wel‡q †Lqvj K‡ib bv| G ai‡bi evev gv‡K ejv nq
gbK_v28
Am¤ú„³ evev-gv, d‡j Zv‡`i mšÍvb Kg Av‡eMx I
†Lqvjx ai‡bi nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
Z‡e GwU mwVKfv‡e ejv KwVb †h mšÍvb jvjb cvj‡bi
Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZwU m‡e©vrK…ó| hw`I Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e
ejv hvq †h, KZ…©Z¡e¨ÄK c×wZ‡Z eo nIqv wkïiv
cieZx©‡Z mvgvwRKfv‡e `ÿ, AvZœ-wbf©ikxj I mdj
n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq, Aby‡gv`b wcÖq
c×wZ‡Z eo n‡qI A‡bK mšÍvb AvZ¥wek¦vmx I fvj
djvdj Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi KZ…©Z¡e¨ÄK c×wZ‡Z eo
nevi c‡iI †m Acivag~jK Kv‡R Rov‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i †h Zvn‡j wKfv‡e mšÍvb‡`i mwVKfv‡e
M‡o †Zvjv hvq? G‡ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó ev GKK †Kvb Dcvq
ejv KwVb, KviY GKRb myLx, my¯’¨ I `vwqZ¡evb gvbyl
M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv‡qi mgš^q NUv‡bv
`iKvi| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK mg‡qi evev gv‡qi DwPZ
MZvbyMwZK Av‡Mi w`‡bi iÿbkxj wcZv gvZvi f~wgKvi
cwie‡Z© bgbxq, BwZevPK f~wgKv cvjb Kiv| BwZevPK
f~wgKv ej‡Z Zviv ïay mšÍvb‡`i ÔwKÕ Ges ÔwKfv‡eÕ
Ki‡Z n‡e G ai‡bi w`Kwb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv
†_‡K Ô‡KbÕ Ki‡Z n‡e †mwUi DciI ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|
cvkvcvwk mšÍv‡bi fyj ÎywUi Rb¨ h_vh_ kvmb I Ki‡Z
n‡e A_©vr Zv‡`i w`Kwb‡`©kbv I kvmb `y‡Uvi g‡a¨
fvimvg¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|
wcZv gvZv KZ…©K cÖPwjZ wKQz fyj KvRt
•mšÍvb‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv (eÜz-evÜe, AvZœxq-¯^Rb)|
•mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ ivMvwš^Z n‡q †PuwP‡q K_v ejv|
•¸iæZ¡ bv †`qv (cÖ‡qvRbxq mg‡qI)|
• wkï‡`i Ab¨vq AvPib¸‡jv‡K cÖkÖq †`qv|
•eo‡`i gZ AvPib cÖZ¨vkv Kiv A_¨©vr Zvi eqm
Dc‡hvMx AvPib cÖZ¨vkv bv Kiv|
•fvj-g‡›`i cv_©K¨ mwVKfv‡e wba©viY bv K‡i †`qv|
•GKwU wkï wK fve‡Q Ges †Kvb GKwU AvPiY †Kb
Ki‡Q Zv †evSvi †Póv bv Kiv|
•AwZwi³ hZœkxj nIqv, d‡j †m AvZœwbf©ikxj n‡Z
cv‡i bv|
Dc‡iv³ KvR¸‡jv QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK KvR i‡q‡Q
†h¸‡jv AwffveKiv wb‡R‡`i ARv‡šÍB PP©v K‡i _v‡Kb|
d‡j mšÍvb‡`i mwVK weKvk e¨vnZ nq|
mwVK cwiPhv©i KiYxqmg~nt
•mšÍv‡bi Kv‡Q fvjevmv cÖKvk Kiv| hZ KwVb
w`bB †nvK bv †Kb cÖwZw`b Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi Kv‡Q
fvjevmvi ewnt cÖKvk NUvb| GwU g‡b Kiv wVK
bq †h Avgvi mšÍvb Rv‡b Avwg Zv‡K fvjevwm ZvB
cÖKvk Kivi ̀ iKvi †bB| mšÍvb‡K Rwo‡q aiv, ̄ úk©
Kiv ev ÿz`ª n‡jI Zvi Rb¨ Ggb wKQz Kiv hv‡Z †m
eyS‡Z cv‡i Avcwb Zv‡K fvjev‡mb|
• wkïi AvPi‡Yi AšÍwb©wnZ KviY Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv
Kiv| hw` KviY Lyu‡R †ei Kiv hvq Zvn‡j mn‡RB
Zvi fyj AvPiYwU `~i Kiv hv‡e, †hgbt A‡bK mgq
†`Lv hvq wkïiv memgq Zv‡`i †QvU fvB-‡evb‡K
cÖPÛ gviai K‡i wKš‘ evev-gv †Lqvj Ki‡j †`L‡eb
†h †m nq‡Zv Zv‡`i gb‡hvM AvKl©‡bi Rb¨B G
KvRwU Ki‡Q| Kv‡RB evev-gv hw` e¨vcviwU eyS‡Z
cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zviv m‡PZb n‡eb|
•AvPi‡b memgq mvgÄm¨Zv eRvq ivLv| wkky‡K
memgq fyj Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GKBfv‡e kvw¯Í Ges
mwVK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cyi¯‹„Z Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡S gv‡S
fyj KvR‡K †g‡b ‡bqv ev Avevi mwVK KvR‡K AeÁv
Kiv wVK n‡e bv| G‡Z K‡i †m wVK fz‡ji cv_©K¨
eyS‡Z cvi‡e bv|
• wb‡Ri Av‡eM‡K h_vh_fv‡e cªKvk Kiæb| †h‡nZz
wcZv-gvZv‡K mšÍvb me‡P‡q ‡ewk AbyKib K‡i
†m‡n‡Zz †Kvb Kvi‡Y Zviv evev-gv‡K ivMvwš^Z n‡q
Ab¨‡K MvwjMvjvR Kiv, fvsPzi Kiv ev cÖwZ‡kva
†bqv †`L‡j cieZx©‡Z Zviv evev-gvi KvQ †_‡K
ZvB wkL‡e Ges †m¸‡jvB Kivi †Póv Ki‡e|
•mšÍv‡bi KvQ †_‡K AwZwi³ cÖZ¨vkv bv Kiv| GgbwK
†m hw` ‡Kvb Kv‡Ri Kvw•LZ j‡ÿ¨i KvQvKvwQ I hvq
Zvn‡j Zvi †Póvi Rb¨ cÖksmv Kiv DwPr|
• wkï‡`i memgq ÔbvÕ ev ÔKiv hv‡e bvÕ G ai‡bi
wb‡`©kbv †`qv hv‡e bv KviY G‡Z K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨
H KvRwU Kivi cÖebZv †e‡o hv‡e| m¤¢e n‡j
Zv‡`i Ôn¨uvÕ m~PK DËi w`b| †Kvb Kvi‡b hw` KvRwU
ZvrÿwbKfv‡e K‡i bv †`qv hvq Zvn‡j cieZx©‡Z
K‡i †`qvi Avk¦vm w`b A_ev †Kb Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv
Zv eywS‡q ejyb|
gbK_v 29
•mšÍvb‡K Abyf~wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv| mšÍvb
†Kgb Abyfe Ki‡Q Zv cÖKv‡k Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiæb,
D`vnvib¯^iæc, Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib- Ò‡Zvgv‡K
nZvk jvM‡QÓ ev ÒZzwg †Kgb †eva Ki‡Qv?Ó ev
ÒZzwg wK wei³Ó? Avcwb hZ e¨¯ÍB _vKzb bv †Kb
Zvi †gRvR ev Abyf~wZi cÖwZ bRi ivLyb|
• wkïiv A‡bK mgq gb‡hvM AvK©l‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK
fzj ev AcÖ‡qvRbxq AvPib K‡i _v‡K| †m‡ÿ‡Î ïay
gvÎ †hB AvPibwU Kvw•LZ ev MÖnbxq †mwUi cÖwZ
gb‡hvM w`b Avi †hwU AcQ›`bxq †mwU Gwo‡q hvb|
•memgq GKwU iæwU‡bi g‡a¨ Pjv †kLv‡Z n‡e|
we‡kl K‡i Nyg I LvIqvi mgq †hb memgq wbw`©ó
_v‡K G‡Z K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ k„•Ljv‡eva KvR Ki‡e|
• wb‡Ri fzj ̄ ^xKvi Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv| hLb mšÍvb †`L‡e
†h evev gv wb‡R‡`i fyj n‡j Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i Ges
cieZx©‡Z †mLvb †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q cwieZ©b Av‡bb
Zvn‡j †mI ZvB wkL‡e|
•mšÍvb‡K h_vm¤¢e Zvi mgm¨¸‡jv mgvavb K‡i
‡`qvi cwie‡Z© mgm¨v mgvav‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv DwPr,
G‡Z K‡i †m AvZœwbf©ikxj n‡Z wkL‡e, †hgb- †m
†Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cwiKíbv Ki‡j evev-gv‡qi
DwPZ †m¸‡jv ïbv, ms‡kvab K‡i †`qv Ges Zv‡K
Drmvn †`qv|
•cÖwZw`b Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb|
GK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ n‡jI Zvi mv‡_ K_v ejyb|
ïaygvÎ fzj n‡j ev Lvivc djvdj Ki‡j Zvi mv‡_
K_v ej‡Z bv wM‡q ‰`bw›`K Rxe‡bi wewfbœ NUbvewj
Zvi mv‡_ fvMvfvwM Kiæb|
• wkï‡K ¸bMZ mgq w`b A_©vr ïaygvÎ †ewk mgq
w`‡jB nq bv †mB mv‡_ mgqwU Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©Kix
n‡Z n‡e, †hgb- Avcbvi wkïwU hLb Avcbvi Kv‡Q
wKQz cÖKvk Ki‡Z Avm‡e ZLb Avcwb wb‡Ri KvRwU
wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ _vwg‡q (GgbwK †dvb Pvjv‡bv eÜ
K‡i n‡jI) Zvi K_v gb‡hvM w`‡q ïbyb G‡Z K‡i
†m wb‡R‡K Avcbvi Rxe‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fve‡Z ïiæ
Ki‡e|
•ïaygvÎ cÖwZôvwbK wkÿv bq wkï‡K wewfbœ mvgvwRK
welq‡I wkÿv w`‡Z n‡e| ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK-wkwÿKv,
eÜzevÜe I AvZœxq¯^R‡bi mv‡_ wKfv‡e AvPib
Ki‡Z n‡e †mwUI †kLv‡Z n‡e|
cÖwZwU wkïB Avjv`v wbR¯^ wKQz ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Rb¥vq,
Kv‡RB Zvi wbR¯^ aib, wcZv gvZvi e¨w³Z¡ I Zv‡`i
jvjb cvjb c×wZ me wg‡j wba©viY K‡i GKwU wkï
fwel¨‡Z †Kgb gvbyl wn‡m‡e †e‡o DV‡e| Z‡e wbwðZ
K‡i ejv bv †M‡jI †gvUvgywU avibv Kiv hvq †h, evev
gv‡qi BwZevPK f~wgKv GKwU Dchy³ mšÍvb M‡o Zzj‡Z
Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
†jLv AvnŸvb
gbK_vÕi cieZ©x msL¨vi Rb¨ evsjvq †jLv AvnŸvb Kiv
hv‡”Q, †jLv Aek¨B B-†gBj G cvVv‡Z n‡e|
†jLv cvVv‡bvi wVKvbvt
Aa¨vcK W. A‡kvK Kzgvi mvnv
†Pqvig¨vb, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM
RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-1100
E-mail: [email protected]
gbK_v30
1| ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx Kx I ‡Kb ?
g‡bvweÁv‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU dwjZ
kvLvi bvg ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx| wkÿv g‡bvweÁvb,
weKvk g‡bvweÁvb, wPwKrmv g‡bvweÁvb, KwgDwbwU
ev mgvR-msN g‡bvweÁvb I dwjZ AvPiY
we‡kølY - Gme kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZmg~n cª‡qvM K‡i
wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i PvwiwÎK ¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b I Zv‡`i
†kLvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wkÿK I gvZv-wcZvi mv‡_
GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡i _v‡Kb ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY|
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †hme wel‡q cÖwkÿYcÖvß Zv
nj - g‡bvweÁvb, wkï-wK‡kvi weKvk I g‡bve¨wa,
wkÿvµg, cwievi I wkï cwiPh©v c×wZ, wkÿY ZË¡
I e¨w³‡Z¡i gZev`| Zviv djcÖm~ ¯‹zj I wkÿv`vb
m¤^‡Ü h‡_ô Ávbx Ges g‡bv‰eÁvwbK Afxÿv
cÖ‡qvM, g‡bvwkÿvMZ g~j¨vqb, Dc‡`kbv, civgk©
BZ¨vw` wel‡q AwfÁ| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Zv‡`i
†ckvMZ ˆbwZK, AvBbx I cÖkvmwbK †KvW ev
AvPiYwewa m¤ú‡K©I we‡kl cÖwkÿYcÖvß|
2| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx Kx wel‡q cÖwkÿYcÖvß ?
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY g‡bvweÁvb I wkÿv m¤úwK©Z
ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK Ávb-m¤úbœ we‡klvwqZ D”PZi
wWMÖxavix| Zviv wb‡¤œv³ wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b
K‡i _v‡Kb -
K) Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn I we‡kølY msµvšÍ
L) g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ
M) AMÖMwZ ch©‡eÿY ev wbqwgZ Z`viwK msµvšÍ
N) ÁvYv‡š^lv e„w×i Rb¨ ¯‹zje¨vcx Abykxjb msµvšÍ
O) cÖv‡Yv”QjZv I SzuwK msµvšÍ
P) civgk© I mn‡hvwMZv msµvšÍ
Q) wkÿvi cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v msµvšÍ
S) wkÿv`vb msµvšÍ
T) cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvig~jK †mev msµvšÍ
U) we‡kl wkÿv †mev msµvšÍ
V) msKUKvjxb cÖ¯‘wZ, cÖwZwµqv I cybiæ×vi ev
KvwU‡q IVv msµvšÍ
W) cwievi-we`¨vjq-gnjøv/cvov GK‡hv‡M KvR
Kiv msµvšÍ
X) weKvk I wkÿ‡Y ˆewPÎ ev wfbœZv msµvšÍ
Y) M‡elYv I Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ
Z) †ckvMZ ˆbwZKZv, ¯‹zj AvBb I mgvRe¨e¯’v
ev mvgwMÖK mymse× e¨e¯’v msµvšÍ
3| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †Kv_vq †Kv_vq KvR K‡ib ?
‡ewkifvM ¯‹zj g‡bvwÁvbxMY wkï-we`¨vjq †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q KvR K‡i _v‡Kb|
GQvovI Zviv wb‡¤œv³ †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i †mev cÖ`vb K‡i
_v‡Kb-
K) †Rjv, Dc‡Rjv, wefvM I †K›`ªxq ¯‹zj cÖkvmb
Kvhv©j‡q
L) ¯‹zj-wfwËK ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª I ¯’vbxq gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨
†K‡›`ª
M) cvov/gnjøv-wfwËK w`ev wPwKrmvjq, AvevwmK
wK¬wbK I nvmvcvZv‡j
N) wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v‡Z †hgb-
AvBwmwWwWAviwe, wUGgGmGm, eªvK,
BDwb‡md, BZ¨vw`‡Z
O) wK‡kvi b¨vqwePvi Kvh©µ‡g
P) ¯^vaxb e¨w³MZ †ckvq
4| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx Kx KvR K‡ib ?
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY GKRb Qv‡Îi †kLvi ÿgZv
†hgb e„w× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Zgwb wkÿKM‡Yi
†kLv‡bvi c×wZ‡KI DbœZ ev mg„× K‡i _v‡Kb|
Zviv wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK, mvgvwRK,
AvPiYMZ I gvbwmK w`K †_‡K mdj n‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡ib| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY cwievi, wkÿK, ¯‹zj-
cwiPvjbv cl©` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úK©hy³ †ckvRxwe‡`i
mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv ev GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡ib
¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx
Aa¨vcK W. †gvt Kvgvj DwÏb, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
gbK_v 31
hv‡Z GKwU wbivc`, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I mnvqK wkÿvi
cwi‡ek ‰Zix nq Ges evwo, we`¨vjq I cvov/
gnjøvi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM `„p nq| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY
mivmwi wkÿv_x©‡`i mnvqZv †`b Ges cªwZKvig~jK
e¨e¯’v †bb| AviI fv‡jvfv‡e wkÿv_x©‡`i hv‡Z
mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq ‡mRb¨ Zviv wkÿK, cwiev‡ii
m`m¨ Ges ¯‹zj KZ©„K wb‡qvMcÖvß Ab¨vb¨ mKj
gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix †ckvRxwe †hgb
KvD‡Ýji, ¯‹zj mgvRKgx© cÖgy‡Li mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
K‡ib| ZvQvov Zviv ¯‹z‡j ixwZbxwZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
¯‹z‡ji cªkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ KvR K‡ib|
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv‡Z mdjfv‡e
KvR Ki‡Z we`¨vjq‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡Kb-
4.1| wkÿvR©b c~‡e©i †P‡q fv‡jv Kiv‡bv
K) ‡cÖlYv evwo‡q cov‡jLvq wb‡qvwRZ ivLv
L) gb¯ÍÍvwËK I GKv‡WwgK g~j¨vqb Kiv
M) e¨w³wfwËK wkÿv`vb I cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Kiv
N) †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x© e¨e¯’vcbv I Zv‡`i AvPiY
wbqš¿Y Kiv
O) QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i DbœwZ ev AebwZ wbqwgZ Z`viwK
Kiv
P) wkÿv_x© I Zv‡`i †kÖwYKÿ msµvšÍ Z_¨-DcvË
msMÖn I Dnvi AšÍwb©wnZ A_© cÖKvk Kiv
4.2| BwZevPK AvPiY I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœqb Kiv
K) wkÿv_x©‡`i †hvMv‡hvM I mvgvwRK `ÿZv e„w× Kiv
L) wkÿv_x©‡`i Av‡eMxq I AvPiYMZ Pvwn`v
g~j¨vqb Kiv
M) GKK I `jwfwËK KvD‡Ýwjs ev Dc‡`kbv †`qv
N) mgm¨v mgvavb, ivM wbqš¿Y I Ø›Ø wbimb msµvšÍ
`ÿZv e„w× Kiv
O) mgeqmx‡`i mv‡_ BwZevPK m¤úK© I mvgvwRK
mgm¨v mgvav‡b DrmvwnZ Kiv
P) we`¨vj‡q †h mKj KwgDwbwU †mev cÖPwjZ
Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi ZvwjKv cÖYq‡b mgš^q Kiv
4.3| wewPÎ wkÿv_x©‡`i mn‡hvwMZv Kiv
K) wkÿY Pvwn`vi wfbœZv ev ˆewPÎ g~j¨vqb Kiv
L) wewfbœ cwi‡ek †_‡K AvMZ wkÿv_x© I Zv‡`i
cwievi‡K Dchy³ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv
M) cÖwZewÜ wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯^Zš¿ wkÿv
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi cwiKíbv †`qv
N) cvVµg I wkÿv`vb hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Z mvnvh¨
Kiv
O) wkÿv_x©‡`i cov‡jLvq wb‡qvwRZ ivL‡Z
I wkÿY Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z †kwYK‡ÿi
my‡hvMmyweavw` I iæwUb mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kiv
P) wkÿv_x©‡`i AMÖMwZ wbqwgZ Z`viwK Kiv Ges
Zv gv-evev/Awffve‡Ki mgx‡c †ck Kiv
4.4| wbivc` my›`i ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek ˆZix
K) eywjs ev DZ¨³Zvmn meai‡Yi mwnsmZv ‡iva
Kiv
L) mvgvwRK-Av‡eMxq wkÿ‡Y mnvqZv †`qv
M) ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek g~j¨vqb K‡i ¯‹z‡ji mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv
evov‡bv
N) BwZevPK k„sLjv I cybe©vmbg~jK b¨vqwePvi
ev¯Íevqb I cÖmvi Kiv
O) ¯‹zj-e¨cx BwZevPK AvPiY mnvqZv cÖmvi Kiv
P) wkÿv_x©‡`i SyuwKmg~n I ¯‹z‡ji SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡ek
ev ¯‹z‡ji `ye©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ Kiv
Q) msKU cÖwZ‡iva ev cÖwZKv‡ii †mev cÖ`vb Kiv
4.5| cwievi we`¨vjq Askx`vwiZ¡ kw³kvjx Kiv
K) cwievi‡K Zvi mšÍvb‡`i wkÿY I gvbwmK ̄ ^v¯’¨
eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv
L) we‡kl wkÿv cÖwµqvi w`‡K PvwjZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv
M) GjvKvwfwËK †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡`i mv‡_ cÖ‡qvR‡b
cwievi‡K mshy³ Kiv
N) wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©‡`i mv‡_ cwievi‡K
Kvh©Kifv‡e hy³ Kiv
O) wewPÎ ms¯‹…wZ I cUf~wg eyS‡Z I †m Abyhvqx cÖwZwµqv
Ki‡Z wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv
5| wkÿv_x©‡`i †Kb ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxi cª‡qvRb nq?
wkï-wK‡kviiv KL‡bv KL‡bv cov‡jLv, mvgvwRK
gbK_v32
m¤úK©, `yiƒn wm×všÍ MÖnY ev wewfbœ ai‡Yi Av‡eM
†hgb- DwØMœZv, welYœZv, `ywðšÍv ev wew”QbœZv
m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vq co‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_x©iv ¯^í
wKsev `xN©‡gqv`x †h mKj mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z
cv‡i †m welq¸‡jv eyS‡Z I ‡m¸‡jvi mgvavb
Ki‡Z ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wkÿv_x©, cwievi, wkÿK
I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡Kb|
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY AZ¨šÍ `ÿ n‡q _v‡Kb Ges
Zviv ˆZix m¤ú` wn‡m‡e mKj wkï ev ZiæY‡`i
we`¨vj‡q, evwo‡Z wKsev Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î
mdjZv wbwðZ K‡i _v‡Kb|
6| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁv‡b †ckvMZ Abykxj‡bi gvcKvwVmg~n Kx?
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wb‡¤œv³ welq m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb
wKbv DnvB Zv‡`i †ckvMZ gvb wba©vi‡bi
gvcKvwV wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e-
K) Kvh©Ki wb‡`©kbv ev wkÿv`vb cÖwµqvmg~n wK Zv
Rv‡bb
L) †kÖwYKÿ I ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek wK Zv †ev‡Sb
M) ¯‹zj I mswkøó Awdm ev ms¯’vi MVb I cwiPvjbv
m¤ú‡K© AeMZ
N) ¯‹zj I ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i wkÿv_x©i †hvM¨Zv weKv‡ki
Rb¨ mnvqK wkÿY-bxwZmg~n cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
cv‡ib
O) wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxwe‡`i mv‡_ wkÿv_x©i
eyw×e„wËK, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK I AvPiYMZ
fv‡jvg›` w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib
P) weKv‡ki mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Pvwn`v g~j¨vqb K‡i
†mB Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK wkÿvg~jK
cwi‡ek ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Q) wkÿvMZ, gvbwmK I AvPiYMZ ¯^v¯’¨ GB wZb
e¨e¯’v‡K mgwš^Z Kivi gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡ib
R) gv-evev, wkÿK I ZË¡veavbKvix‡`i m‡½
Kvh©Ki Askx`vwiZ¡ ˆZix‡Z I ms¯’vi Dbœq‡b
ga¨¯’Zv K‡i _v‡Kb
7| ̄ ‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY ‡Kvb †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx wb‡q KvR K‡ib?
`ÿZv Dbœq‡bi welqwU gv_vq †i‡L mKj eq‡mi
wkÿv_x©, Zv‡`i cwievi I Zv‡`i †mev cÖ`vbKvix
e¨e¯’v I ms¯’vmg~n ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †mevi
AvIZvf~³| wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j wb¤œwjwLZ e¨w³iv
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †mev †c‡q _v‡Kb-
K) m`¨RvZ wkï n‡Z cÖvßeq¯‹ Ggb e¨w³mKj
hv‡`i wkÿY ev AvPiY msµvšÍ mgm¨v Av‡Q
L) †Kvb `~iv‡ivM¨ ev ¸iæZi Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y ‡hme
wkï ev wK‡kvi‡`i wkÿY ev gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨
ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q Zviv
M) ev‡j¨, ˆkk‡e ev ˆK‡kv‡iB hv‡`i gvbwmK †ivM
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zviv
N) wkÿ‡Y AÿgZv I mvgvwRK mgm¨v wel‡q
mšÍvb‡`i †ivM-wbY©vqK g~j¨vq‡bi (diagnostic evaluation) Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i Ges evwo‡Z
I we`¨vj‡q Zv‡`i wkÿv I AvPiY mgm¨vi
mnvqZv Pvq Ggb me cwievi
O) wkÿY I weKv‡k mnvqK m¤úK© I cwi‡ek ˆZix
Ki‡Z mÿg Ggb wkÿK, gv-evev I Ab¨vb¨
gyiæweŸMY
8| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx ai‡Yi mgm¨vi ‡ÿ‡Î
mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib?
Kx Kx ai‡Yi mgm¨v _vK‡j ¯‹yj g‡bvweÁvbxMY
mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡Kb Zv wb¤œiƒc-
K) ¯‹z‡j ÁvbvR©b I Dc‡hvRb msµvšÍ wkÿv ev
weKvkg~jK mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î
L) wkÿY ev AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ mswkøó mvgvwRK ev
AvšÍte¨w³K mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î
M) wbw`©ó wKQz AÿgZv ev ˆeKj¨ hv wkÿY, AvPiY
ev Dc‡hvRb‡K evav †`q
N) ˆkke ev ˆK‡kv‡ii †h‡Kvb ¸iæZi ev `xN©¯’vqx
cwiw¯’wZ hv wkÿY ev gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K cÖfvweZ
K‡i| †hgb- e¨w³MZ ev ¯‹zj-‡Kw›`ªK msKU
A_ev ev‡j¨, ˆkk‡e ev ˆK‡kv‡i †hme gvbwmK
mgm¨v cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q
O) weiƒc mvgvwRK Ae¯’v hv we`¨vj‡q wKsev cvov/
gnjøv‡Z my¯’ ¯^vfvweK weKvk‡K ûgwKi gy‡L
†d‡j †`q †hgb- ¯‹z‡j mwnsmZv, wK‡kvi
Aciva, ˆK‡kv‡i Mf©aviY I gv`Kvmw³ mgm¨v
gbK_v 33
9| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡ib?
¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †h c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i _v‡Kb
Zv wb¤œiæc-
K) eyw×e„Ëxq ÿgZv, ÁvbvR©b, mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
¯^vfvweK wµqv, e¨w³Z¡ I weKvkg~jK Ae¯’vb
g~j¨vqb K‡i
L) wkÿY I AvPiY msµvšÍ mgm¨v Abyave‡bi
R‡b¨ mvÿvrKvi, ch©‡eÿY I Kv‡Ri fv‡jvg›`
g~j¨vqb c×wZ e¨envi K‡i
M) AvPiY I wPwKrmvi Dbœq‡b h_vh_ I wbf©i‡hvM¨
m~PK e¨envi Ki‡Q wKbv Zvi Revew`wnZv
wbwðZ K‡i
N) ‡jLvcovq e¨_©Zv, ̄ ‹z‡j mwnsmZv, †hŠb wbhv©Zb,
ˆK‡kv‡i Mf©aviY Gme wKQzi cÖ‡Kvc Kgv‡bvi
gyL¨ cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v †bqvi cvkvcvwk h_
vh_ cÖvwZôvwbK I †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
wkï‡`i Kj¨vY mva‡bi Kg©m~Px †bqvi gva¨‡g
O) †hme wkÿv_x©‡`i †QvULv‡Uv ev mvgwqK mgm¨vi
Kvi‡Y †jLvcov e¨vnZ nq †hgb mgeqmx‡`i
mv‡_ Lvivc m¤úK©, †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿY ev
AvPiYRwbZ mgm¨v, cwiev‡ii KviI g„Zy¨ ev
wcZvgvZvi g‡a¨ weevn-we‡”Q` nIqvi Kvi‡Y
m„ó mgm¨v, †mme wkÿv_©x‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨
†MŠY cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i
P) †hme †Q‡j‡g‡qiv cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, mwnsmZv,
wbh©vZb, g„Zy¨ ev AvZ¥nZ¨v †Póvi gZ NUbvi
ga¨ w`‡q †M‡Q ev hv‡”Q Zv‡`i GB msKU
†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i
Q) wkÿv_x©‡`i AvPiYMZ, cÖvwZôvwbK I mvgvwRK
mgm¨v wb‡q wkÿK, gv-evev I Ab¨vb¨ ̀ vwqZ¡kxj
e¨w³e‡M©i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i Ges Zv‡`i
gvbwmK †mev cÖ`vbKvix Kg©x‡`i ZË¡veavb K‡i
R) wkÿK‡`i †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i
S) wek` I mgwš^Z †mevmg~n Kxfv‡e †`qv hvq Zvi
cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i
T) †hme wkÿv_x©‡`i wewfbœ gvbwmK mgm¨v,
†hgb ADHD, wkÿ‡Y AÿgZv, `xN©¯’vqx
Amy¯’Zv, wewfbœ kvixwiK ev Rxb-NwUZ Ae¯’v
Ges gv`Kvmw³ mgm¨v Av‡Q Zv‡`i we`¨vj‡qi
KvRKg© I †kÖwYK‡ÿi welqvw` wb‡q wPwKrmK
ev Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxwe‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i
U) wkï‡`i AvPiY I †kÖwYK‡ÿi welqvw` h_vh_
fv‡e cwigvcKvix m~PK ev gvbK ˆZixmn wkÿv
Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb Kiv
V) wkÿv_x©‡`i GKv‡WwgK K…wZZ¡ we‡køl‡Y Av`k©vwqZ
Afxÿv, KvRK‡g©i fv‡jvg›` g~j¨vqb, AvZ¥-mgxÿv
BZ¨vw` c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i
W) e¨w³†Kw›`ªK wkÿv cwiKíbv g~j¨vqb Kiv
X) wkÿK I gv-evevi AvPiY ch©‡eÿY I cwigvc K‡i
Y) wkÿvg~jK/wb‡`©kbvg~jK I mvsMVwYK cwi‡ek
g~j¨vqb K‡i
10| evsjv‡`‡k ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g‡bvweÁvb wefv‡M 2015-
16 wkÿvel© n‡Z ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx wel‡q GK eQi
†gqv`x cÖ‡dkbvj Gg Gm †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy n‡q‡Q hv
evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g| me©‡gvU 34 †µwWU ev 850
b¤^‡ii ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK †Kvm©mg~n wb‡q dwjZ
GB kvLvwU D”PZi wWMÖxavix wkÿKM‡Yi mivmwi
ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
evB‡i Ab¨ ¯^xK…Z wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z 4-eQi †gqv`x
g‡bvweÁv‡b ¯œvZK wWMÖxavix wkÿv_©xivI GB
†cÖvMÖv‡g fwZ©i Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î
¯œvZK ch©v‡q Zv‡`i by¨bZg wmwRwcG 3.00 (4.00
Gi g‡a¨) Ges D”P-gva¨wgK I gva¨wgK ch©v‡q
wRwcG 3.50 (5.00 Gi g‡a¨) _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖv_©x‡`i 80 b¤^‡ii wjwLZ cixÿv I 20 b¤^‡ii
‡gŠwLK cixÿvq AeZxY© n‡Z n‡e| Dfq ‡ÿ‡Î
cvm b¤^i Avjv`vfv‡e 50% A_©vr wjwLZ cixÿvq
40 I ‡gŠwLK cixÿvq 10 ‡c‡Z n‡e| cixÿvq
DËxY© cÖv_©x†`i ga¨ †_‡K m‡e©v”P 15 Rb‡K ‡gavi
wfwˇZ fwZ©i Rb¨ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|
B-†gBj: [email protected]†dvb: 01713456644
gbK_v34
Av‡MB e‡j ivwL, g‡bi iKg‡di wb‡q †Kvb M`¨ iPbv
Kiv Lye GKUv mnR KvR bv| †Kbbv GB wek¦ RMZ
hZUv eo, g‡bi wfZi †h RMZ Av‡Q Zvi cwiwa †Kvb
As‡kB Gi †P‡q Lv‡Uv bv| wek¦ RM‡Zi K‚jwKbviv
D×vi Kiv †hgb KwVb KvR wVK †Zgwb g‡bi Mnx‡b
†h AZj ¯ck©x RMZ Nywg‡q Av‡Q Zvi wVKvbv cvIqvI
Z`ªƒc `ytmva¨ Kg©| Z‡e g‡bi `vk©wbKiv G ai‡bi
Amva¨ Kv‡R wKQz‡ZB wcQcv nbwb, hw`I G wb‡q `‡j
`‡j †e‡a‡Q ayÜygvi KvÐ|
gb wb‡q gbKlvKwl n‡jI †mB gb †`qv-‡bqvi gva¨‡gB
RMZ GwM‡q P‡j‡Q, Avi Zvi Mfx‡i GKv‡šÍ jywK‡q
_vKv fvjevmvi wfZi w`‡qB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Avb›`|
ZvB‡Zv Kwe e‡j I‡V‡Qb ÔAvb›` †jv‡K g½j Av‡jv‡K
weivR mZ¨ my›`iÕ| mZ¨ †h my›`i Zvi Dcjwäi Rb¨
`iKvi GKUv my›`i gb| gb Qvov †KI †Kvbw`b †eu‡P‡Q
GUv KíbvB Kiv hvq bv| ZvB e‡j †mB gbUv‡K hZUv
mnR g‡b n‡”Q †mUv wKš‘ Av‡`Š mnR bv hw`I Kwe e‡j
†d‡j‡Qb, Ôg‡b‡i AvR Kn †h, fvj g›` hvnvB AvmyK
mZ¨‡i jI mn‡RÕ| Avð‡h©i e¨vcvi †nvj Gi wfZi
jywK‡q Av‡Q weivU GKUv gvic¨vuP| Ôgb gvwS †Zvi
ˆeVv †b †i Avwg Avi evB‡Z cvijvg bvÕ, Ôg‡b wK wØav
†i‡L †M‡j P‡j †mw`b fiv mvu‡SÕ, Ôgb ïay gb Qzu‡q‡QÕ
wK¤^v ÔAvgvi ey‡Ki gwa¨Lv‡b gb †hLv‡b ü`q †hLv‡bÕ
BZ¨vw` K_v¸‡jvi gva¨‡g g‡bi †h wbtm‡¼vP e¨envi
Zvi cÖwZwUi D‡Ïk¨ wfbœ, A_©I Avjv`v| g‡b Kiæb
Avcwb KvD‡K ej‡jb, ÔAvR K‡qK w`b g‡bi wfZiUv
cy‡o hv‡”QÕ A_ev ÔAvR GB eq‡m G‡m Ime K_v g‡b
K‡i Kx jvfÕ wK¤^v †KI Avcbv‡K ejj Ôkã K‡iv bv
g‡b g‡b coÕ| fvj K‡i jÿ¨ Kiæb cÖwZwU ev‡K¨ Av‡Q
g‡bi GK GKUv wfbœ wfbœ e¨envi| Z‡e me ¸‡jv‡ZB
Av‡Q GKUv Awfbœ Bw½Z †hUv‡K Avgiv m‡PZbZv
wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e m‡PZbZv ej‡j Lye
†ewk wKQz †h ejv n‡q I‡V bv G e¨vcv‡i Avgiv wbwðZ|
†Kbbv m‡PZbZv kãUv †ek †Mvj‡g‡j| Kv‡K m‡PZb
eje? gvbyl ev‡` wK †KI m‡PZb bq? ï‡bwQ Mv‡QivI
m‡PZb| RM`xk eveyi Av‡M GUv Avgv‡`i Rvbv wQj
bv| Avevi gvbyl hLb Nywg‡q _v‡K ZLb wK †m m‡PZb
_v‡K? m‡PZb hw` bvB _v‡K Zvn‡j ̄ ^cœ †`‡L Kxfv‡e?
¯^cœ hw` m‡PZbZvi gvcKvwV nq Z‡e Nywg‡q _vK‡j
†Kb Avkcv‡ki gvbyl‡`i Kg©KvÐ †evSv hvqbv A_ev
Nywg‡q _vKv gvby‡li cv‡k ̀ vuwo‡q Zv‡K Mvjg›` Kiv hvq
wbwe©‡Nœ? Gme cÖ‡kœi hyZmB DËi †`qvi Av‡M `iKvi
gb kãUvi GKUv wb‡g©vn e¨vL¨v|
Zvn‡j †mB mij K_v‡ZB †diZ hvIqv hvK gb Kx?
m‡›`n †bB gb kãUv AwZ cÖvPxb| Z‡e ZZUv bq hZUv
gb bvgK cÖZ¨‡qi c~e©eZ©x fvikvb AvZ¥v-i cwiwPwZ
Av‡Q Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q| eû cÖvPxb Kvj a‡i AvZ¥vi mv‡_
Avgv‡`i AvZ¥xq| wMÖm †`‡ki gvbyl‡`i Av‡MI cÖvPxb
wneªæiv AvZ¥v‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i e¨envi Ki‡Zb|
Aek¨ Zviv AvZ¥v‡K g‡b Ki‡Zb RjšÍ †Kvb GKUv
†Mvj‡Ki g‡Zv ̀ ªe¨| gvby‡li g„Zz¨i Av‡M N‡ii RvbvjvUv
GKUz dvuK K‡i ivL‡Zb hv‡Z K‡i †ek LvwbKUv wbwe©‡Nœ
AvZ¥vi cÖ¯’vb NU‡Z cv‡i| cÖvPxb‡`i g‡a¨ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi
aviYvUv wQj †ek A™¢zZ| †m fve‡Zv AvZ¥v ̀ ªe¨Uv A‡bKUv
wm‡gi A¼z‡iv˜M‡gi g‡Zvb e¨vcvi| Av‡jv †c‡j wk‡gi
exP †_‡K †hfv‡e †Qv‡Uv wkïi g‡Zv jKj‡K Pviv †e‡o
I‡V AvZ¥viI wVK †Zgwbfv‡e Rb¥ nq gvZ…M‡f©| gvbe
åƒY †_‡K Rxe‡bi GK A`g¨ wgwQj mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q
P‡j| cieZ©x mg‡q AvZ¥v wb‡q `yRb wMÖK `vk©wb‡Ki
g‡a¨ †ek ZK©vZwK© ev‡a| Gu‡`i GKRb †cø‡Uv Ab¨Rb
Gwi÷Uj| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi g‡Zv G welqUv wb‡q `yRbB
wQ‡jb †ek wmwiqvm| †cø‡Uv g‡b Ki‡Zb AvZ¥v kix‡ii
AwZwi³ GKUv wKQz hv †`n bó n‡q †M‡j cvwLi g‡Zv
LvuPv †Q‡o cvjvq| Avgv‡`i jvjb †hgb Mv‡b wj‡L‡Qb
ÔLvuPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL †Kg‡b Av‡m hvqÕ| GB AwPb
cvwLwUB †m Kv‡ji †cø‡Uvi Kv‡Q AvZ¥v| Gwi÷Uj
wKQz‡ZB †mUv gvb‡eb bv| ¸iæ wk‡k¨i wQj GKUv A¤¬
gayi m¤cK©| Gwi÷Uj fve‡Zb AvZ¥vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q
wVKB wKš‘ †mUv †`nvwZwi³ bq| kixi †kl †Zv AvZ¥vI
†kl| Kv‡RB Zvui g‡Z †`‡ni evB‡i wKQz‡ZB Zvi
PjvPj mbv³ Kiv hvq bv| Kv‡RB AvZ¥v ej‡Z hvB eywS
bv †Kb kixi †kl n‡jB AvZ¥viI cwimgvwß|
g‡bi K_v
Aa¨vcK W. wm×v_© ksKi †RvqvÏ©vi, `k©b wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
gbK_v 35
mwZ¨ mwZ¨ AvZ¥v wb‡q †Zv †`wL Gevi AvZ¥vivg
LvuPvQvov! wbðq GZÿ‡Y MЇMvjUv R‡g I‡V‡Q| Z‡e
mgq Mov‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvZ¥vi mv‡_ eÜb wkw_j
n‡q AvZ¥xqZv `vuov‡jv g‡bi mv‡_| †Kbbv gb kãUv
`vk©wbK‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ¥v †_‡K †ek Kv‡Qi| ÔKx †n, g‡b
g‡b Kvi Awbó Kivi dw›` AvuUQ?Õ ÑGB †h g‡b g‡b kã,
GUvB gvivZ¥K| †evSv hv‡”Q Ôg‡b g‡bÕ kãUvi mv‡_
m‡½vc‡bi GKUv †hvM Av‡Q| AwZ wbf…‡Z †jvKPÿzi
AšÍiv‡j hv N‡U †mUvB g‡b g‡b| wKš‘ †mUv †Zv Aaiv|
Avaiv gvaywi| †Zvgvi g‡bi wfZi Kx Av‡Q †mUv †K
Rvb‡e? g‡bi wfZi hv Av‡Q Zv‡Zv wKQz‡ZB Rvbvi bq|
†c‡Ui wfZi e¨v_v Ki‡Q e‡j cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j bv hvIqvi
†h dw›` Gu‡UwQj Avgv‡`i mykxj| cÖ_g w`‡K †mUv
ey‡S IV‡Z cvi‡Zv bv evev myej P›`ª| Zvici GKw`b
evev hLb ey‡S †djj †Q‡ji g‡bi Lei ZLb dvuwKevR
†Q‡ji mv‡q¯Ív Kivi Rb¨ ÒcvuPbÓ LvIqv‡bvi wm×všÍ
wbj| †Q‡jI ey‡S †Mj evev Zvi g‡bi Lei †R‡b
†d‡j‡Q| û, †mUvB Avmj| g‡bi Lei †R‡b †djv
m¤¢e| wKfv‡e m¤¢e? GB ÒwKÓ fve †_‡KB Rb¥ †nvj
g‡bi Lei Rvbvi me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix we`¨vi| m‡›`n †bB
GUvB gbwe`¨v-- Avgv‡`i g‡bvweÁvb|
†Q‡j ¯‹z‡j bv wM‡q mvivw`b `yózwg, Mv‡Q IVv, Gi Ii
evwo †_‡K dj Pzwi Kiv Gme KvR †_‡K evevi Abygvb
K‡i wb‡Z Kó nqwb †h Gme †bnvZ †Q‡ji PvjvwK|
gyjK_v Zvn‡j a‡i †djv †M‡Q gvby‡li Kv‡Ri wfZi
w`‡q, †mvRv K_vq AvPi‡Yi gvS w`‡q dz‡U I‡V Zvi
g‡bi Lei| GUvB gbweÁv‡bi †Z‡jmgvwZ| GRb¨B
g‡bvweÁv‡bi QvÎiv wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡qB gyL¯Í K‡i
†d‡j g‡bvweÁvb †Kvb g‡bi weÁvb bq, eis GwU †nvj
GKwU AvPiY msµvšÍ weÁvb| Zvn‡j me wKQz cwi®‹vi?
bv, cwi®‹vi bv| wKQz‡ZB GZ mn‡R cwi®‹vi nevi
bv| †h AvPi‡Yi Ici fimv KiwQ‡jb g‡bvweÁv‡bi
QvÎUv †m eyS‡Z cv‡iwb †mB AvPi‡Yi wfZ‡iB Av‡Q
†ek Nvcjv| Av”Qv hw` Ggb nq †h †hŠ_ cwiev‡ii
mKj ivbœvevov K‡ib wbixn eo †eŠ| †m w`b Zvi cÖPÐ
R¡i| AwZ a~Z© †gS †eŠ †mUv ey‡S wM‡q gv_v e¨v_vi fvb
K‡i ï‡q _vK‡jb mvivw`b hv‡Z ivbœvi Sv‡gjv †_‡K
evuPv hvq| mwZ¨ mwZ¨ gv_v e¨v_v wKfv‡e eyS‡eb? G‡Zv
Avi R¡i bq †h PU K‡i _v‡g©vwgUviUv w`‡q R¡iUv †g‡c
†djv hv‡e| Zvn‡j Dcvq Kx? AvPi‡Yi †mB †cQ‡bi
Lei †bqvi Rb¨ `k©b co–qv †Qv‡Uv †eŠ Gi †Q‡j
e‡j †djj R¨vVxgv-i G PvjvwK Avwg a‡i †d‡jwQ|
g‡bv`k©‡b c‡owQ AvPi‡Yi †cQ‡bi Lei †bIqvi Rb¨
gb`vk©wb‡Kiv Gi mv‡_ Av‡iv wKQz welq †hvM K‡ib
†hUv‡K Zviv †gUvwdwRK¨vj we‡qwfqvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib|
Kv‡RB g‡bvweÁv‡bi I gb `k©‡bi wfZi GKUz cv_©K¨
Av‡Q| R¨vVxgvi GB PvjvwK eyS‡Z n‡j Zvui AvPi‡Yi
c~e©vci NUbv, Zvui PwiÎ, D™¢zZ cwiw¯’‡Z AZx‡Zi †iKW©
BZ¨vw`I mgvb fv‡e we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e|
wKš‘ Zvi c‡iI K_v †_‡K hv‡e| GKUv gvby‡li AZxZ
AvPi‡Yi †iKW© Lvivc e‡j wK †m AvR fvj n‡Z cv‡i
bv? A_ev AZxZ me mgq fvj wQj e‡jB †h mvg‡bi
me w`‡bI †cQ‡bi g‡Zv n‡e, G M¨vivw›U †K †`‡e?
gvbyl‡K GKUv mnR mgxKi‡Yi mij cvUvZ‡b †K
†dj‡e? Zvi gb †Zv GKUv we¯§qKi ̄ ck©nxb gnvmgy`ª|
Zvi B”Qv Amxg, Kíbv MMbPz¤^x| BZvwji GK b„cwZ‡K,
hvi Rxe‡b AcÖvwß e‡j wKQz wQj bv, g„Z¨y kh¨vq wRÁvmv
Kiv n‡qwQj, Zvi Rxe‡b Ac~Y© B”Qv wKQz †_‡K †Mj
wKbv| †m e‡jwQj, n¨vu| Avwg GKevi ivRv Ges †cvc
`yRb me‡P‡q ÿgZvai gvbyl `y‡Uv‡K GK AÆvwjKvi
Qv‡`i Ici †c‡qwQjvg| Avwg AvRI AbyZv‡c cy‡o
hvB Zvu‡`i `yRb‡K †mLvb †_‡K av°v w`‡q †d‡j bv
†`Iqvi Rb¨| †mUv Ki‡j BwZnv‡m ARxeb Avgvi bvg
†_‡K †h‡Zv| Kx wewPÎ gvbe gb, ZvB bv? g‡b Av‡Q
†cv÷ gv÷v‡ii †mB kªvšÍ we‡K‡ji Am¤¢e Abyf~wZi
K_vwU, Ônvq eyw×nxb gvbe ü`q! åvwšÍ wKQz‡ZB †Nv‡P
bv, hyw³ kv‡¯¿i weavb eû wej‡¤^ gv_vq cÖ‡ek K‡i, cÖej
cÖgvY‡KI Awek¦vm Kwiqv wg_¨v Avkv‡K `yB evû cv‡k
evuwaqv ey‡Ki wfZ‡i cÖvYc‡Y RovBqv aiv hvq, Ae‡k‡l
GKw`b mg¯Í bvwo KvwUqv ü`‡qi i³ ïwlqv †m cjvqb
K‡i, ZLb †PZbv nq Ges wØZxq åvwšÍ cv‡k cwoevi
Rb¨ wPË e¨vKzj nBqv D‡VÕ| m‡›`n †bB GUvB gvbe gb,
GUvB g‡bi K_v|
gbK_v36
¯§„wZåsk�
gvnv`x-Dj-†gv‡k©`, Gg.wdj M‡elK, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
eva©‡K¨i GKwU cÖavb weK…wZ nj ¯§„wZåsk| eva©‡K¨
ax‡i ax‡i ‡eŠw×K ÿgZv¸‡jvi AebwZ N‡U Ges
Ggb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h, gvby‡li mvgvwRK I †ckvMZ
KvR Kg© ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| †mRb¨ ¯§„wZåsk‡K cÖK…Z A‡_©
gvbwmK wµqvi AebwZ ejv nq| Bs‡iwR “Dementia” k‡ãi A_© “Loss of mentality”| GB A‡_© wW‡gwÝqvi
evsjv n‡Z cv‡i gvbwmK ÿgZvi Afve ev weK…wZ|
A‡b‡KB wW‡gwÝqv‡K evsjvq ÔÔeyw× ‰eKj¨ÕÕ e‡j‡Qb|
Avevi †KD †KD “Dementia”-†K ¯§„wZ åsk e‡j‡Qb|
¯§„wZås‡ki me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ jÿY nj †Kvb wRwbm
we‡kl K‡i mv¤úªwZK NUbvejxi K_v g‡b ivL‡Z bv
cviv| ¯§„wZås‡ki †ivMx GKwU KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨vNvZ
m„wó n‡j KvRwU Amgvß _vK‡j c‡i Zv fz‡j hvq Ges
c‡i Avi †kl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| D`vniY¯^iƒc- †h GB
†iv‡M AvµvšÍ‡`i †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, cvwb Avb‡Z wM‡q
cvwbi Kj eÜ bv K‡i P‡j Av‡m, A_©vr Kj eÜ Ki‡Z
fz‡j hvq| wVK †Zgbfv‡e evev-gv A‡bK mgq nq‡Zv
Zvi mšÍv‡bi bvg fz‡j hvq| Avevi GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h,
Zvi †h mšÍvb Av‡Q ‡mwU fz‡j hvq Ges Zv‡`i †`‡LI
wPb‡Z cvij bv| †ivMx cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivL‡Z
cv‡i bv, KviY †m †Mvmj Ki‡Z fz‡j hvq ev h‡_ó kvjxb
†cvkvK ci‡Z fz‡j hvq| GB †ivMx cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡kI
nvwi‡q hvq| †hgb, evRv‡i wM‡q ev KvQvKvwQ †Kv_vI
wM‡q †m Avi evwo wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| Gme †ivMxi
wePvi eyw× (judgment) ÎæwUc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i, cwiw¯’wZi
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i bv Ges
cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GB †ivMxiv Zv‡`i ˆbwZK
gvb eR©b K‡i Ges Zv‡`i B”Qv ev Kg© cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv KK©k fvlv e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡i, cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ †egvbvb †KŠZzK K‡i, †`vKvb
†_‡K wRwbm wb‡q cqmv †`q bv Ges AcwiwPZ e¨w³wUi
Kv‡Q †cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i ev †hŠb D‡ËRK A½fw½ cÖ`k©b
K‡i| weg~Z© aviYv wb‡q KvR Kivi ÿgZv bó n‡q hvq|
Av‡e‡Mi weK…wZ Lye mvavib NUbv| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Av‡Q
welbœZvi jÿY, Av‡e‡Mi ˆewPΨnxbZv (flatness of affect) Ges gv‡S gv‡S AvKw¯§K Av‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk
NUvq| GB †ivMx‡`i fvlv e¨env‡ii mgm¨v †`Lv †`Iqvi
m¤¢ebv Lye †ewk| †hgb- K_vi A_©nxbZv ev A¯úóZv
Ges cwiwPZ e¯‘mg~‡ni bvg ej‡Z bv cviv| Zviv A‡bK
mgq A½ mÂvjbg~jK KvR (motor activities) Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| †hgb- ̀ uvZ eªvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †cvkvK ci‡Z
cv‡i bv we`vq m¤¢vl‡Yi mgq nvZ bvov‡Z cv‡i bv|
gv‡S gv‡S weåvwšÍi DcvL¨vb †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ
KviY Abymv‡i ¯§„wZås‡ki cwiYwZ Ges Pig Ae¯’vi
cv_©K¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Ae¯’v GKB iKg _v‡K,
Kv‡iv Ae¯’v µgkt Lviv‡ci w`‡K hvq, Avevi †KD
†KD gv‡S gv‡S fv‡jv n‡q hvq wKš‘ c‡i Avevi Av‡iv
†ewk Amy¯’ n‡q hvq| hv‡`i ¯§„wZåsk µgvebwZkxj
Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB wb‡R‡`i mgvR †_‡K ¸wU‡q wb‡Z cv‡i
(withdrawn) A_ev wbiv‡eM (Av‡eMk~b¨) n‡q †h‡Z
cv‡i| GB e¨vwawUi †kl Ae¯’vq e¨w³‡Z¡i ALÛZv
I D¾¡jZv ev mRxeZv bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| AvZ¥xq-
¯^R‡biv Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡j †h, †m Avi Zvi †bB, ev †m
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wech©¯Í| mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †jv‡Ki m‡½ Zvi
m¤úK© K‡g †h‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©šÍ e¨w³ Zvi Pvicv‡ki
cwi‡e‡ki K_v we¯§„Z nq| eqm evovi m‡½ m‡½ GB
e¨vwai cÖv`yf©ve evo‡Z _v‡K| GKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv
†M‡Q †h, hv‡`i eqm 65 †_‡K 74 eQi Zv‡`i g‡a¨
1% GB weK…wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ, wKš‘ hv‡`i eqm 75 †_‡K
84 Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GB weK…wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ †jv‡Ki msL¨v
4%| hv‡`i eqm 85 Gi †ewk Zv‡`i g‡a¨ 10% GB
†iv‡M AvµvšÍ (George at al, 1991)|
¯§„wZås‡ki KviY- A‡bK¸‡jv e¨vwa ¯§„wZåsk ev
wW‡gwÝqv NUv‡Z cv‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv e¨vwai
cwiYwZ gvivZ¥K, Avi wKQz msL¨K e¨vwa Av‡ivM¨
mv‡cÿ| e„ׇ`i hv‡`i ¯§„wZåsk nq, Zv‡`i 50 fv‡Mi
KviY nj AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwa (Alzheimer’s disease)|
GB e¨vwai d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹i wUmy¨‡Z AcwieZ©bxq ÿwZ nq
Ges GB †iv‡Mi jÿY †`Lv †`Iqvi `k †_‡K ev‡iv
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †ivMxi g„Zz¨ nq| ïay e„× eq‡mB bq Kg
eq‡mB GB ¯§„wZåsk N‡U _v‡K| A‡bK msµvgK
e¨vwa ¯§„wZ åsk NUv‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Gb‡m‡djvBwUm
(Encephalitis) hvi d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹i †KvlKjvi †h †Kvb
iK‡gi cÖ`vn hv fvBivm msµg‡Yi d‡j m„wó nq| Gme
fvBivm kix‡ii †Kvb Bw›`ªq †_‡K (‡hgb mvBbvm ev
gbK_v 37
Kvb) A_ev gkvi Kvgo wKsev †Kvb ciRxex KxU Gi
Kvgo †_‡K gw¯Í‡®‹ cÖ‡ek K‡i| ¯§„wZ ås‡ki Av‡iKwU
KviY n‡Z cv‡i †gwbÄvBwUm hvi KviY nj gw¯Í‡®‹i
evB‡ii AveiYx wSjøx‡Z †ivM RxevYyi (bacterial) Avµg‡Yi d‡j m„ó cÖ`vn| GBPAvBwf (HIV) Ges GBWm (AIDS)-Gi Avµg‡YI AcwieZ©bxq
¯§„wZåsk †`Lv †`q| ¯§„wZ ås‡ki Av‡iKwU KviY nj
cviwKbm‡bi e¨vwa (Parkinson’s disease)| GB †iv‡Mi
jÿY nj gvsk †ckxi K¤úb, RoZv Ges A½ mÂvjb
m„wó Kivi AÿgZv| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZ åsk †`Lv
†`q| weL¨vZ gywó‡hv×v †gvnv¤§` Avjx GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ
n‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov wcK- Gi e¨vwai (Pick’s disease) Kvi‡YI ¯§„wZåsk †`Lv †`q| GB †iv‡Mi d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹I
m¤§yLfv‡Mi ¯œvqy †Kvlmg~n aŸsl cÖvß nq|
¯§„wZåsk †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv- ¯§„wZåsk hw` cwieZ©b‡hvM¨
Kvi‡Y nq, Zvn‡j Dchy³ †gwW‡Kj wPwKrmvq †ivMwU
fv‡jv n‡q hvq Ges ¯§„wZ wd‡i Av‡m| ‡hgb, _vBi‡qW
MÖwš’i ÿiY e„w×i Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZåsk †`Lv w`‡j wPwKrmvi
gva¨‡g ni‡gv‡bi fvimvg¨ wdwi‡q Avbv hvq| wKš‘ eû
msL¨K M‡elYvi gva¨‡gI AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwai †Kvb
Kvh©Kix wPwKrmv Avwe®‹vi Kiv hvqwb| Z‡e wKQz wKQz
Ávbxq cÖwµqvi DbœwZ mva‡b mÿg n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz
gw¯Í®‹ m¤úwK©Z GB †ivMwU †m‡nZz †Póv Kiv n‡”Q
wKfv‡e Gi DbœwZ Kiv hvq ZvB M‡elKMY GB e¨vcv‡i
Zv‡`i M‡elYvi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| GLb ch©šÍ
†h welqwU cvIqv †M‡Q Zv nj †UUivnvBWª GgvB‡bv
GwµwWb (Tetrahydroaminoacridine) ms‡ÿ‡c THA bvgK GK ai‡bi Ilya (hv GwmwUj‡Kvwj‡bi †f‡½
hvIqvi Rb¨ `vqx GKwU GbRvBg‡K Ae`gb K‡i)
e¨envi K‡i ¯^í¯’vqx ¯§„wZi AebwZ †iva Kiv m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB &JlawU `xN© ¯’vqx ¯§„wZi Aeÿq †iv‡a
mÿg wKbv Zv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e M‡elKiv
†Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb `xN©¯’vqx GKUv mgvav‡bi|
mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji M‡elYvq AvjRvBgv‡ii †ivMx‡`i ¯¿x
ni‡gvb (Estrogen) e¨env‡ii ̄ §„wZ, wPšÍb I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
DbœwZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| wKQz wKQz M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h,
¯¿x ni‡gvb e¨env‡i gw¯Í‡®‹i †Kvl e„wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i
Ges G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM NUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †mRb¨
AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ e„×v gwnjv‡`i Z¡‡Ki
Dci cwÆ ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ¯¿x ni‡gvb mieivn Kiv n‡j
Zv‡`i ¯§„wZi DbœwZ N‡U|
g‡bvmvgvwRK wPwKrmvt †gwW‡Kj wPwKrmv GL‡bv
Kvh©Kixfv‡e Avwe®‹…Z bv nIqvq g‡bvweÁvbx I mgvR
Kgx©‡`i `vwqZ¡ A‡bK ‡e‡o ‡M‡Q| KviY GB e¨vwai
µgvebwZkxj AmnvqZ¡ I `ywe©mn Rxeb‡K ZvivB
mnbxq K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i †ivMxi
cwiev‡ii cv‡k cÖ_‡g ̀ uvov‡Z n‡e| cwiev‡ii hw` †Kvb
wek„•Ljv †`Lv †`q Zvn‡j Zv wbimb Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨
†ivMx I Zvi cwievi‡K †ivMwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges m¤¢e n‡j Gi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K©I Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z n‡e, mwVK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e, †ivMx‡K
†mev Kivi Rb¨ cwievi‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges h_vm¤¢e
mvnvh¨ Kiv| gw¯Í‡®‹i &GB †ivMwUi d‡j †h mKj mgm¨v
†`Lv †`q †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ fxZ-mš¿¯Í g‡bvfve ˆZwi bv
K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavbg~jK `„wófw½ MV‡b cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡`i Drmvn †`Iqv cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, †ivMx‡`i
†mev hZœ cÖ`vb Kiv AZ¨šÍ KwVb| wKš‘ mvgvwRK mg_©b,
A_©‰bwZK mg_©b cvIqv †M‡j †ivMxi †mev Kiv mnR
nq| †mRb¨ cwievi‡K wewfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv DwPZ
Ges GRb¨ g‡bvweÁvbx I mgvRweÁvbxiv mgv‡Ri
wewfbœ msMVb I wbR wbR D‡`¨vM‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z
cvi‡j †ivMx I Zvi cwievi A‡bK †ewk jvfevb n‡eb|
Z‡e Avkvi K_v ïwb‡q‡Qb cÖ‡dmi W: nviwW, wZwb
2016 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi gv‡m †UwjMÖvd cwÎKvq GK
mvÿvrKv‡i e‡jb, AvMvgx GK`kK A_©vr 2025 mv‡ji
w`‡K AvjRvBgvi †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv ïiæ Kiv hv‡e Ges
JlaI cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e hvi g‡a¨ w`‡q GB ¯§„wZåsk
†iv‡Mi †gwW‡Kj wPwKrmv A‡bK `~i GwM‡q hv‡e aviYv
Kiv hv‡”Q|
B-†gBj: [email protected]
gbK_v38
AwURg
nvwg`v bvR, KvD‡Ýji Kvg wim©vP A¨vwm÷¨v›U, MY Dbœqb ms¯’v
AwURg�ev�AvZ¥mse„wË�n‡”Q gw¯Í‡¯‹i web¨vmMZ mgm¨v
hv eqm wZb eQi c~‡e©B cÖKvk cvq| AwURg wkï‡`i
gw¯Í®‹ weKv‡k GK ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv _v‡K, hvi d‡j
wkï ïaygvÎ wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ _v‡K, wb‡R‡K wb‡q e¨¯Í
_v‡K| wkï hLb ïay wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ _v‡K ZLb
Zvi Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM, mvgvwRKZv, K_v ejv,
AvPiY I †kLv evavMÖ¯Í nq| gvbwmK mxgve×ZvI GKB
KvR evievi Kivi cÖeYZv †_‡K Zv‡`i mbv³ Kiv
hvq| AwURg ej‡Z ïaygvÎ GKwU AmyL‡K eySvq bv,
Avm‡j GwU K‡qKwU Amy‡Li mgwó| hv‡K e‡j AwURg
†¯ú±ªvg wWRAW©vi (Autism Spectrum Disorder/ASD)| AwURg AvµvšÍ wkï‡`i wfZ‡i mvgvwRK
AvPvi-AvPiY, †hvMv‡hvM I e¨enviRwbZ mvgvb¨ mgm¨v
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i cÖPÛ mgm¨v¸‡jvI GB †¯ú±ªvg G
AšÍfz©³, hvi d‡j mvgvb¨ mgm¨v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i AwaK
mgm¨vMÖ¯Í wkïiv Gi AvIZvq P‡j Av‡m| 1943 mv‡j
Rb ncwKbm nvmcvZv‡ji Wvt wjI K¨vbvi Ges cÖvq
GKB mg‡q Rvg©vb weÁvbx Wvt n¨vÝ GmcviRvi †ivMwU
m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Rbmg‡ÿ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvi Av‡M
†ivMwU _vK‡jI G m¤^‡Ü †Zgb †Kvb aviYv wQj bv|
eZ©gv‡b DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z GB †ivMwU wb‡q cÖPzi M‡elYv
n‡”Q| †ivMwU †Kvb eq‡m Ges wKfv‡e mbv³ Kiv hvq?
mvaviYZ wkïi eqm 18 gvm †_‡K 3 eQi Gi g‡a¨ GB
†ivM ب_©nxbfv‡e mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq| GLv‡b D‡jøL
†h, hZ `ªæZ †ivMwU mbv³ Kiv hvq, wkïi Rb¨ ZZB
g½j|
AwURg †¯ú±ªvg wWRAW©vi (Autism Spectrum Disorder/ASD) Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q-
* Bb‡dbUvBj AwURg (Infantile Autism) - GB
ai‡bi wkï‡`i mvgvwRK AvPiY, †gŠwLK I
A‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hvM (Verbal and Non Verbal Communication) I wµqvKjv‡ci mgm¨v Ges
cybive„wËg~jK AvPiY _v‡K|
* ‡iUm wmbWªg (Rett’s Syndrome) G †ivM ïay
†g‡q‡`i n‡q _v‡K| GK eQi ch©šÍ wkïi e„w×
¯^vfvweK _v‡K| Zvici Zvi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
e„w× eÜ n‡q hvq| Giv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv, G †iv‡M
AvµvšÍ wkïiv cÖPÛ iKgfv‡e eyw× cÖwZeÜx n‡q
_v‡K| Giv nvZ-cv I wVKfv‡e bovPov Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
* G¨vmcvM©vi (Aspergar Syndrome) G †ivM mvavibZ
†Q‡j‡`i nq| G‡`i‡K AwUw÷K mvB‡Kvc¨v_ ejv
nq| Giv wKQz wKQz KvR ev AvPiY evi evi Ki‡Z
_v‡K| Z‡e K_v wVKg‡Zv ej‡Z cv‡i| hw`I K_v
ejvi aib Ges Mjvi ¯^i GKUz wfbœ iKg nq| Giv
GKvKx Ges Avjv`v _v‡K| Z‡e wKQz wKQz †QvU
e¨vcv‡i G‡`i g‡a¨ AwaK AvMÖn †`Lv hvq|
* PvBìûW wWRBb‡U‡MÖwUf wWRAW©vi (Childhood Disintegrative Disorder) Gi Av‡iK bvg †njvim
wWwRm| G‡`i mvaviYZ ̀ yB eQi ch©šÍ ̄ ^vfvweK e„w×
I weKvk N‡U| cieZx©‡Z G‡`i mvgvwRK AvPi‡Yi
mgm¨v †`Lv hvq| G‡`i mvaviYZ Neurological Problem cÖKU _v‡K|
* Giv nvZ - cv mwVKfv‡e bvovPvov Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
Ges wb‡Ri cÖmve-cvqLvbvi K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv|
AwURg AvµvšÍ wkïi Av‡ivI wKQz jÿYt Zvi bvg ev
Wv‡K mvov †`q bv, †m wK Pvq Zv ej‡Z ev †evSv‡Z
cv‡i bv, K_v ej‡Z †`wi nq, †Kv‡bv wKQz Ki‡Z ej‡j,
Zv K‡i bv, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq ïb‡Z cvq, Avevi
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq ïb‡Z cvq bv e‡j g‡b nq, Ab¨‡`i
m‡½ †n‡m †Ljv K‡i bv ev Ab¨‡`i m‡½ †Ljv Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv, †Kej GKv GKv †Lj‡Z cQ›` K‡i, G‡Kev‡i
¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri KvR wb‡R K‡i, KviI †Pv‡Li w`‡K
ZvKvq bv, wb‡R‡K wb‡qB mvivw`b e¨¯Í _v‡K, Ab¨‡`i
e¨vcv‡i †KvbB AvMÖn _v‡K bv, gv‡S gv‡S AwZwi³ †i‡M
hvq, A¯^vfvweK iKg PÂj g‡b nq, †Ljbv w`‡q wKfv‡e
†Lj‡Z nq Zv Rv‡b bv †Kv‡bv we‡kl wKQz wb‡q cÖPÛ
†R` K‡i, evi evi kix‡ii A½ cÖZ¨½ A¯^vfvweKfv‡e
bvovPvov K‡i, †Kv‡bv we‡kl †Ljbvi cÖwZ cÖPÛ AvKl©Y
Abyfe K‡i I ey‡ov Av½y‡ji Ici fi w`‡q nuv‡U|
gbK_v 39
AwURgt wb‡q †Kv‡bv weåvwšÍ‡Z _vKv DwPZ bq| hw`
†KD g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb †h †Kv‡bv wkïi g‡a¨ AwUR‡gi
jÿY †`Lv hv‡”Q, Z‡e we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki kiYvcbœ
n‡q †`L‡Z n‡e †h mwZ¨B Zvi AwURg Av‡Q wKbv| wek¦
¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi B›Uvib¨vkbvj K¬¨vwmwd‡Kkb Ae wWwRR,
hv wPwKrmvweÁv‡bi me †iv‡Mi c~Y©v½ ZvwjKvMÖš’ wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ, †mLv‡b my¯úófv‡e wkïi AwURg‡K GKwU
†ivM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi †KvW b¤^i ÔGd
84.0| ZvB AwURg ‡Kv‡bv †ivM bq ev AwURg Av‡Q
Ggb wkïi Rb¨ wKQzB Kivi †bB- Ggb cÖPviYvq weåvšÍ
nIqv Pj‡e bv| GRb¨ †h mKj welq¸‡jvi w`‡K jÿ¨
ivLv DwPZ Zv nj-
`vwqZ¡Uv�w`‡Z�n‡e�wPwKrmK‡Kt�†Kv‡bv eB c‡o, cwÎKvi
¯^v¯’¨ cvZv c‡o wb‡R †Kv‡bv wkïi AwURg wbY©q Kiv
hv‡e bv| †Kv‡bv wkïi g‡a¨ AwURg Av‡Q wK bv, †mUv
wbY©‡qi `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e we‡klÁ wPwKrmK‡K|
†g‡b wb‡Z n‡et hw` mwZ¨B †`Lv hvq wkïwUi g‡a¨
AwURg Av‡Q, Z‡e Ah_v †f‡O bv c‡o Zvi †ivMwU‡K
†g‡b wb‡Z n‡e Ges Dchy³ cwiPh©vi Rb¨ mgwš^Z
D‡`¨vM †bIqvi K_v fve‡Z n‡e|
weÁvbwfwËK� wm×všÍt� AwURg wb‡q wkwÿZ-AwkwÿZ
A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ bvbv A‰eÁvwbK I Ac‰eÁvwbK aviYv
i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv wg_¨v aviYv Øviv cwiPvwjZ nIqv Pj‡e
bv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †Kej weÁvbm¤§Z c×wZ‡ZB G
ai‡bi wkïi cwiPh©vi mydj cvIqv m¤¢e| cwiev‡ii
me m`m¨‡K mvaviY wm×v‡šÍ Avm‡Z n‡e| †`Lv hvq,
AwURg i‡q‡Q Ggb wkïi gv Pvb wkïwU‡K we‡klvwqZ
¯‹z‡j w`‡Z| wKš‘ evev gvb‡ZB bvivR †h Zvi mšÍv‡bi
†Kv‡bv mgm¨v Av‡Q| Avevi gv-evev nq‡Zv wkïi mgm¨v
†g‡b wb‡q Dchy³ mnvqZv wb‡Z ivwR n‡jb, wKš‘ †e‡K
em‡jb wkïwUi `v`v ev msmv‡ii gyiweŸ †KD| wZwb
wg_¨v †jvKj¾vi f‡q wkïwU‡K †Kv‡bv wPwKrm‡Ki
Kv‡Q ev we‡klvwqZ ¯‹z‡j w`‡Z ivwR n‡jb bv| ZvB
wkïwUi g½‡ji Rb¨ cwiev‡ii cÖvq me mgm¨v‡K GKwU
BwZevPK mvaviY wm×v‡šÍ Avm‡Z n‡e|
wb‡R‡`i `vqx Kiv hv‡e bvt AwUR‡gi †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó
KviY Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb| †Kb wkïwUi G mgm¨v n‡jv,
Zv wb‡q wb‡R‡`i ev G‡K Aci‡K `vqx Kiv hv‡e bv|
wPwKrmK‡`i †`vlv‡ivc Kiv Pj‡e bvt AwURg †h
ai‡bi mgm¨v, †m ai‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Kv‡bv
ivZvivwZ wPwKrmv c×wZ †bB, i‡q‡Q `xN©‡gqv`x
cwiPh©vi cwiKíbv| GB `xN©‡gqv`x cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g G
mgm¨vq AvµvšÍ wkï wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i mgv‡Ri g~j
†¯ªv‡Z| ZvB Ah_v ˆah©¨nviv nIqv wVK bq, wPwKrm‡Ki
ci wPwKrmK cwieZ©b Ki‡jI †Kv‡bv mydj e‡q Avb‡e
bv| mgm¨vwUi ¯^iƒc †evSvi †Póv n‡e| wPwKrmK‡`i
Ah_v †`vlv‡ivc Kiv DwPZ bq| G‡Z AvµvšÍ wkïi gv-
evevi g‡a¨I ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i nZvkv|
†kLv‡Z n‡e mvgvwRKZvt cwievi †_‡KB mvgvwRKZv
†kLv‡Z n‡e me wkï‡K| Avi AwURg Av‡Q Ggb wkïi
†ÿ‡Î †Zv e‡UB| eo‡`i m¤§vb Kiv, nvwmi cÖZz¨Ë‡i
nvmv, mvgvwRK I agx©q ixwZbxwZ wkï‡K †kLv‡Z n‡e|
mvgvwRK Abyôv‡b AskMÖnYt wewfbœ `vIqvZ, mvgvwRK
Abyôvb, eo Av‡qvR‡b wkïwU‡K m‡½ K‡i wb‡q †h‡Z
n‡e| †jvKj¾vi f‡q Gme Abyôv‡b wkïwU‡K N‡i e›`x
K‡i †i‡L †M‡j Pj‡e bv|
†Lj‡Z n‡e wkïi m‡½t gv-evev‡K mgq K‡i wkïwUi
m‡½ cÖwZw`b wKQzUv mgq †Lj‡Z n‡e| KvUv‡Z n‡e
LvwbKUv gvbm¤úbœ mgq|
†Lj‡Z w`‡Z n‡et AwURg i‡q‡Q Ggb wkï‡K mgeqmx
wkï‡`i m‡½ †Ljvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| GKv GKv
†Ljv hvq Ggb †Ljv †hgb Kw¤úDUvi †Mg, g‡bvcwj
BZ¨vw`i cÖwZ wbiærmvwnZ K‡i A‡b‡K wg‡j †Lj‡Z
cv‡i Ggb †Ljv †hgb ej †Ljv, †QuvqvQzuwq, MVbg~jK
wKQz †Ljv BZ¨vw` †Lj‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†kLv‡Z n‡e fvlvt AwURg Av‡Q Ggb wkïi Ab¨Zg
cÖavb mgm¨v Zvi fvlv wkL‡Z bv cviv| fvlv †kLv‡bvi
Rb¨ Zv‡K GKUv K‡i wRwbm wb‡q †m¸‡jvi bvg ¯úó
K‡i †kLv‡Z n‡e evi evi| †QvU †QvU kã Av‡M †kLv‡Z
n‡e| Zvi m‡½ †ewk K‡i K_v ej‡Z n‡e|
bb-fve©vj KwgDwb‡Kkb †evSv‡Z n‡et ‡Kej †gŠwLK
fvlv bq| Bkviv-Bw½‡Zi Zvrch© I Gi e¨vL¨v †evSv‡bvi
Rb¨ cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wkï‡K Ôbbfve©vj KwgDwb‡KkbÕ
wKfv‡e Kiv hvq Zv †evSv‡Z n‡e| g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki
bvbvwea aib wkïi m‡½ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
gbK_v40
kãfvÛvi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡et wkïi kãfvÛvi hvB †nvK
bv †Kb, †m¸‡jvi m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†hme kã †m fv‡jv cv‡i, †m¸‡jv w`‡q c~Y©v½ evK¨
ˆZwi Kiv hvq Zv †evSv‡Z n‡e| g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki
bvbvwea aib wkïi m‡½ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨w³MZ KvR †kLv‡bvt wkïi wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ KvR
†hgb- `uvZ eªvk Kiv, RvgvKvco civ, wb‡Ri hZœ
wb‡R †bIqv G¸‡jv Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
AwZgvÎvq †¯œ‡ni ekeZx© n‡q wkïwU‡K ciwbf©ikxj
K‡i M‡o †Zvjv hv‡e bv|
kL‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqvt wkï‡K wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Û
Ask †bIqvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Mvb MvB‡Z
PvB‡j †mUv †kLv‡bv, Qwe AuvK‡Z PvB‡j Drmvn †`Iqv
cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖwkÿY wb‡Z n‡e gv-evev‡KIt †h wkïi AwURg i‡q‡Q,
Zvi mwVK cwiPh©v Ges Zvi me©v½xY Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ gv-
evev Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`iI cÖwkÿY
†bIqvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i|
MÖæc ˆZwi I MÖæ‡c cÖwkÿYt we‡klvwqZ ¯‹z‡ji cvkvcvwk
†hme wkïi AwURg Av‡Q, Zv‡`i Awffve‡Kiv wb‡RivI
MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ô‡mjd †njc MÖæcÕ| G‡Z K‡i
wb‡R‡`i mvaviY mgm¨v¸‡jv †kqvi Kivi cvkvcvwk
mgvav‡bi c_I Lyu‡R †c‡Z cv‡ib|
Kvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ cyi¯‹vit wkï hw` Kvw•LZ
AvPiY K‡i, Z‡e Gi Rb¨ Zv‡K †QvULv‡Uv cyi¯‹vi
w`‡Z n‡e| w`‡Z n‡e Drmvn Avi AbvKvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi
Rb¨ wZi¯‹vi Kiv Pj‡e bv| AbvKvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi
Rb¨ cyi¯‹vi cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv Ges †mme AvPi‡Yi w`‡K
g‡bv‡hvM bv ‡`IqvB DwPZ|
w`bwjwc msiÿYt GKwU Wv‡qwi‡Z wkïi AvPiY I
Af¨v‡mi ZvwjKv¸‡jv wbqwgZ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡Z K‡i †evSv hv‡e Zvi AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b KZUzKz
n‡”Q Ges wK nv‡i n‡”Q| GUv †`‡L cieZx© wPwKrmv
I Avbylw½K welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hv‡e| AwURg
i‡q‡Q Ggb wkïi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb me©¯Í‡ii m‡PZbZv Avi
AwURg wb‡q `„wófw½i cwieZ©b| Avi GB m‡PZbZv I
cwieZ©‡bi cÖ_g avcwU ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e cwievi †_‡KB|
AwURg Gi wPwKrmvt
A‡bK †ÿ‡Î AwUw÷K ev”Pv‡`i wPwKrmvq fv‡jv dj
cvIqv hvq, hw` Zv `ªæZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| GB wPwKrmv
n‡”Q GKwU mgwš^Z wPwKrmv hv †cwWqvwUªK we‡klÁ,
wbD‡iv win¨vwewj‡Ukb we‡klÁ, AKz‡ckbvj †_ivwc÷,
w¯úP GÛ j¨v½y‡qR †_ivwc÷ Ges †ÿÎ we‡k‡l
wdwRI‡_ivwc‡÷i mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZwU AwUw÷K ev”Pvi
Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e wWRvBb Kiv nq| GB ai‡bi
ev”Pv‡`i Rb¨ GLb evsjv‡`‡kB we‡klvwqZ cÖPzi ¯‹zj
Av‡Q, †hLv‡b Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e cvV`v‡bi e¨e¯’v
Kiv nq| Z‡e GUv wbf©i Ki‡e Zvi AKz‡ckbvj †_
ivwc‡÷i civg‡k©i Ici| wZwb ev”Pvi mÿgZv ey‡S †mB
Abyhvqx wm×všÍ †`‡eb, †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi we‡kl ̄ ‹zj Zvi
Rb¨ fv‡jv n‡e| A‡bK AwUw÷K ev”Pvi wKQz gvbwmK
mgm¨v †hgb AwZ PÂjZv, AwZwi³ fxwZ g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
mgm¨v, Nb Nb g‡bi Ae¯’v cwieZ©b nIqv, welbœZv,
Ny‡gi mgm¨v BZ¨vw` _v‡K| Gme †ÿ‡Î A‡bK mgq
mvBwµqvwUª÷iv Ily‡ai e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| A‡b‡Ki
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