Gazetteer of EndorCopyright Gabriele Quaglia and Eric Dubourg 2003

Editor's note: This remains very much a work-in-progress, and is subject to change before it iscompleted. This gazetteer includes new lands as well as revisions of the previous gazetteer writtenby Pete Fenlon. This includes notes from the Illuin Bay, Ormal Bay, Womaw and Lochan projectsbeing worked on by Cory Rushton, Gabriele Quaglia, Stphane Hoerle, and many others.This file provides basic information about the various regions of the continent of Endor. Thegeography is based on the alternative map of Endor drawn by T. Morwinsky, as seen in OtherHands issue 29/30 (July 2000). There is now more information about some of these lands, such asthe Chyan Empire and Mmakan. This is the first fruit of a massive task being undertaken tocontinue work on expanding the East and South of Middle-earth for role-playing purposes. Youcan learn more about this project by visiting the Fan-Modules Yahoo Group or by joining themailing list directly by sending a blank email to fan-modules-subscribe@yahoogroups.com.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Acaana

Acaana is a high, grassy plateau situated along the southeastern flank of the Ered Harmal (aka theEred Ormal). The Acaana Rush, a broad and swift river, forms its southern boundary. The GaathHills form the region's northern and eastern border. The Aca Gap is the only easy route betweenAcaana and Anarik to the south. The Aca Gap is home to many bands of thieves and robbers. Tothe west is the Rocky Pass, which is much more dangerous due to the Orcs that infest it. The RockyPass leads directly to Chy, and because of its dangers, most Chyans and Anarikan use the coastalroad that leads through Anarik. Another danger in the Rocky Pass is the city of Akala-Zaj (TheFallen City of the Sakal an-Khr people), which is populated by fierce warriors - probably thedescendants of the Aca tribes and the Sakal an-Khanm who were forced from Anarik. Thesewarriors keep in check the Orcs of the Rocky Pass, and on some occasions launch raids on the Acalands, and more rarely in Anarik. The Aca folk, fierce and independent Ibavin-speakingclansmen, herd their goats and horses throughout Acaana. Most Aca live a semi-nomadic life,although about a third live in the villages along the Acaana Rush on a year-round basis. They oftenmake raids into Anarik and into the Chyan lands through the Aca Gap. Acaana is usually a subjectstate of Anarik.

Aeareryn

Aeareryn (S. "Sea of Trees"), is a huge taiga woodland that stretches along the coast of the Sea ofSilluin. Mostly uninhabited, it is sometimes roamed by Avarin herders and wanderers.

Aegan

Situated between the Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains") and the Romenar, Aegan is a large andheavily forested coastal region renowned for its myriad tree species. Its two grand temperateforests provide a home to hundreds of different kinds of maple, oak, chestnut, cherry, hickory,elm, pine, and spruce. Besides yielding countless medicinal resources, lumber and pitch for boats,and various oils and syrups, the rich woodlands shelter numerous beasts. Large cats and apes

dominate the local chain of life. The Aegaw reside throughout Aegan. A Womarin-speaking people,they constitute the southern branch of the same Hildo family that produced the Womaw. The fourAegaw tribes - the Uonurk (central), Ornurk (west), Dawurk (east), and Arxurk (south) - share alargely common culture with their brethren across the Bay of Swirling Waters. Only geographysunders their union. A watery gulf and rugged mountains help restrict free movement and,because Aegan's two rivers (the Orosr and Dawahr) run southward, the Aegaw focus much oftheir commercial attention toward the south. Like the Womaw, the Aegaw enjoy a strong,somewhat rigid political tradition. The four tribes each elect their leader, a "Hion", in an annualmidwinter's moot. Blood plays a major part in these elections, and it is not unusual for one familyto oversee a tribe for a number of centuries. Every four years, the election is especially important,for afterwards the four Hioni join to select another individual as Hionvol. The Hionvol serves asthe Over-chief of all the Aegaw. He resides at Uon, where he maintains the Four Shrines, conductsforeign policy, and wages war. Aegaw symbolism is rich and varied. Nature and family providemany of the themes. All four Aegaw tribes carry similar banners, each a two-color design with astylized tree emblazoned on a contrasting field. The Ornurk's flag involves a dark red pine on apale lavender background, symbolizing their affiliation with the Orosr Valley. A green maple on awhite field serves as the symbol of the less numerous but powerful Uonurk. The plentiful Dawurkcarry a banner that nearly mirrors this design, for it displays a silver oak on a green field. A yellowcherry on a black field denotes the Arxurk. When joined, the Aegaw carry a large flag incorporatingall four of the tribal fields (lavender, white, green, and black) and adorned with a black chestnuttree-the symbol of tribal unity.

Agnikuyak

This rocky coastal plain is struck frequently by blizzards. In the summer, when the icecap retreats,it transforms into a boggy plain roamed by scattered herds of reindeer, and a few bands of Agnica.Very isolated, this land communicates with Urd only through the frozen Firth of Rocks fromSeptember to April.

Aigvalg

Aigvald is situated along the northeastern flank of the Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains") and alongthe southern shore of the Sea of Illuin. It is a very cold, rocky and windswept land. It is inhabitedby scattered bands of Aigar - a Mornerin-speaking people.

Aldhad

Aldhad is a low steppe land located around mountains called by the Lynerian scholars the Arc ofFehda. It is located to the east of Dhaht and to the south of Gaathgykarkan and Ibav. Like Dhaht,green grasslands are the main landscape of Fehaj. According to old tales, Folud was a Dilikhranleader who fled the tyranny of some Dilikhran tribes (especially the quarrelsome Mudhriag andRumyari) in Dhaht with his people to the safety of this land. Fehda chose to be entombed in thehighest peak of the Arc, Mount Othul, so that he could keep a watchful eye on his people foreternity. Folud's people consider themselves Lynr allies and often act as mercenaries in theLynerian League against the Zurghr tribes. They are accustomed to jungle survival, as they veryoften make expeditions into the forests of Maaken in order to collect the various rare herbs andwoods of the region.

Alduryaknar

The southernmost portion of Endor's High East-plain, Alduryaknar lies around three thousandfeet above sea level. Its temperate climate and ample rainfall make it a fine pastureland. Here,horses and cattle prosper under the skilled hand of Adek-speaking Alduryakna herders.

Amirakh

Irakh is a chain of relatively well-explored and moderately settled islands. Well known by marinersof the Southern Archipelago, the chain is sometimes known as the "Silver Road" since it is animportant way station of the sea-lanes. The chain is composed of twenty-two major and aroundtwo hundred minor islands, which extend two thousand miles into the Haragaer. Some of theseislands remain uncharted and unexplored. Beautiful and mountainous Amirakh is the largest islein the Irakh chain. Some of these islands are occupied by a diverse group of Rkhe-speaking

traders and fisher-folk, and by the Pi elves. Amirakh is heavily influenced by neighboring Sreand Vulmaw peoples. Struggles over its outlying island domain make it a frequent target forinvasion.

Ammu Baj

Along the frontier of Harshandatt, the Ammu Baj hills rise, covered by the forest of the samename. The forest is tropical, as opposed to those located at the Ered Harmal foothills, which areconiferous. Located in the hills is the border city of the Chyan Empire, Tenolkachyn, "the Fortressof Vigilance." It holds an impressive fortress that protects the Chyan Empire against invaderscoming from Harshandatt. The city is magnificent, with splendid gates, bustling market streets,and impressive temples. Near the city center are the massive Megaliths, erected in honor of theHighest High King of History. There is an old saying here that "when the city falls, so will fall theChyan Empire." This axiom has been proven true several times in history. The city is not entirelymilitary in nature, however, as plenty of pleasure and entertainment can be found here.Tenolkachyn is one of the main cities of the Empire.

Anarik

The land of Anarik can be divided into three major areas - the coastal lands south of Bulchyades,the Ered Harmal, and the eastern lands stretching to Codya, which are heavily forested. The riverKriis, also named Glrithilduin (S. "Gold Shining River") is the clear frontier between the threedifferent regions (for both geographic and historical reasons having to do with the successivemigrations and invasions throughout the Second Age).Olyas Kriis is a semi-arid peninsula located west of the southern reaches of the Ered Harmal. Itstretches south from the Endor mainland, about two hundred miles out into the Bay of Ormal. Dryhills dominate its central and southern quarters, while forests lie along its eastern border.Kythor (El. "River Coast Land") is located between the rivers Kriis and Alturaj (which alsorepresents the frontier with the Vulmaw realm). In contrast to Olyas Kriis, Kythor is a less dryland, with a little more precipitation and more diverse plant life. There are many more fortifiedcities and villages than in Olyas Kriis, probably for fear of pirates and the Vulmaw.The capital city of Kadar Abar-nark (Ad. "Citadel of Iron Eagles" - also called Ost Angthoronion,which is unusual for a Dark Nmenrean realm), is situated at the mouth of the River Kriis in aformidable natural harbour with enough space for an entire fleet. But the sea currents near theriver end ("the Sea-storm Gulf") are very difficult to navigate, so only expert captains are able tosail here. Wrecks are frequent, so the main commercial routes to this central Anarik city are byland.Near the source of the Kriis the mines are very rich, basically gold ores (the most important in thebay), and in a nearby region iron ores as well. The mineral is taken from the mines down the riverby rafts driven by bargemen clans who are very reclusive but who are also very friendly with thefew Kuorind elves that remain in the coastal temperate rainforests.Anarik is one of the various rwani realms in the South. They consider themselves a majorpower of the Bay, but they are not as haughty and arrogant as most of the other regional powers.Their traditional enemy are the Nmenreans of Sakal an-Khr, while their favored allies are therealms of Bellakar and the Lynerian League. Anarik is ruled by a king, a hereditary office held bythe ruling elite of (now) partially rwani stock. This realm was founded by the son of Herundilthe Storm King, Lkhuzr, and his supporters (both Nmenrean and native), and its purpose wasto fight against effects of Herundil's brutal reign in the area.

Anbalukkhr

Ciryatanr (Anbalukkhr) owes its name to Tar-Ciryatan, for it was originally established in theSecond Age (1904) as a Nmenrean colony. Ciryamir, the original founder of the domain, was thecousin of Mrazr (the future Witch-king) and the father of his successor, Akhrahil (anotherfuture lair). Bewitched by his vile son, he committed suicide in S.A. 1918. Akhrahil ascended thethrone on the first day of the next year. He subsequently conquered a vast portion of southernEndor. After accepting a Ring of Power in S.A. 2000, he broadened his hold, only to run afoul ofhis Nmenrean liege (Tar-Ancalimon). Ciryatanr lies north of the Ered Laranor and east ofTulwang, some 200 miles inland from the southern Belegaer. Ciryatanr is comprised of threedissimilar lands: Curinshiban with its tropical humid forest, Seznebab as a temperate mountainplace, and Zajantak a rather semi arid land. These lands are usually not united.

Curinshiban lies north of the Ered Laranor and south of Tulwang. Zadan an-Adn ("Tower of RedSunset" Qu "Marath Carnadn", S. "Barad Annn"); serves as its traditional capital. The otherimportant cities are Kadar an-Khradun at the mouth of river Balakurush, Arhazn-Tark("Shining Sea Pillar of the Adnai"), Alkathnda ("Castle of the Coastal Sea Forest") near thefrontier with Khradun, and Azrulni (Ad "Haven of the Sea") near Kadar an-Khradun. Azrulniis the third most important city of Curinshiban after Kadar an-Khradun (one of the greatest portcities of all the Southern lands, eclipsed only by rzyan in Bellakar and Bozisha-Dr) and Zadanan-Adn, home of Anbalukkhr's navy.Seznebab is the region on the northern drainage of the Yellow Mountains between Chennacatt,Curinshiban and Zajantak, between the Yellow Mountains and the Kurryan Bay of the SunderingSea. Seznebab and Curinshiban together formed the Second Age Nmenrean colony ofCiryatanore (or Anbalukkhr). Seznebab is also the core land for the conquests of the NazgulAkhorahil and the Army of the Southern Dragon. The climate in the temperate highland valleys iscomparable to that of Nmenor, which easily explains why Nmenreans settled there. All thetrade routes are controlled by two fortresses built during Second Age, Adn-Tark ("The RedTower") and Btan-Urd ("The Mountain Path City").Zajantak is located on the northern foothills of the Yellow Mountains, and is subtropical with oasisvalleys, tropical forests as well as deadly swamps. Zajantak became in the Middle Third Age thegarrison land for the Army of the Southern Dragon, and was only part of the realm of Anbalukkhrduring Akhrahil's rule.

Angclax

Located south of the eastern branch of the Ered Engrin (S. "Iron Mountains"), Angclax (Ang."Beyond the Angranit river") is a desolate coastal region. Forlorn rock outcroppings and scree-fields cover most of the area, although spongy, heath-covered plains lend life and color to thesouthern and western reaches. A handful of Mornerin hunters roam the coasts and river valleys ofthis land, trying to make a living out of the hardships of the environment and the Urdarindomination. Few of these Angclax clansmen venture into the highlands to the north, whereMountain-Orcs and other monsters reputedly reside.To the northwest of Angclax (near the springs of the Angranit River) lies Drhar-shatr, thecapital of the Dwarves of Drhar's Folk.

Arg-Smorg

A large isle located in southeastern Endor, Arg-Smorg is a blessed domain renowned for its swiftstreams, clear lakes and well-protected harbors. It is among the prettiest sites in all of Endor.Situated in the shadow of the Oroslo, it rises out of a triangular gulf called the Yawning Bay. Twohilly peninsulas, Faelaan (to the north) and Ka'ish (to the south), surround the seaward sides ofthe bay, as if a pair of arms reached eastward from the mountains in order to capture the islandand its surrounding waters.The Argaw rule Arg-Smorg. They are descendants of the Womaw settlers who seized the islandfrom its indigenous Fale inhabitants. These Argawin speaking people remain close to theirancestral kinsmen, and maintain strong trade ties with the Aegaw and Lochaw, who alsodescended from the Womaw. A very civilized and urbanized society, most Argaw reside in the fourcities of northern Arg-Smorg: Zyras (at the northern tip), Smor (on the east coast), and Tor andNhaag (north of the large, central lake called the Stoybr). The only remaining Fale settlementsare sprinkled in hills west of the Akaak Wetlands, in the southwestern quarter of the isle.Steep mountains rise along the western coast of Arg-Smorg. Here, the landscape precludes roadbuilding and most travel is seaborne. Although the area accommodates numerous fishing villages,it is devoid of larger settlements.Southern Arg-Smorg is dominated by a vast marsh, the Akaak Wetlands. Fed by the river Akaakand subterranean runoff from the Stoybr, it is a sea of swampy grasslands. Few people live in thisrich but inhospitable area.Aside from the Akaak, the Arak is the only navigable river on the island. It serves as the Stoybr'sonly negotiable outlet to the Yawning Bay. Fifty miles long, it connects Smor, the area's largestcity, to Nhaag, the capital. Boats from Smor, which is situated at the mouth of the Arak, caneasily make their way upstream to the Stoybr. Nhaag is only a fifteen-mile journey across thedeep lake.The symbol of Arg-Smorg is a diving, black marsh hawk. This stylized bird adorns the flag of theArgaw, a triangular white banner with a blue frame.

Arth

Arth is a generally sandy, four hundred and seventy-five mile long island situated in thenortheastern part of Endor's Southern Archipelago. A one hundred mile long jungle forest(primarily pines, coconut, palm and cedar) dominates the central portion of the isle, which has anextremely wet but mild climate. The fauna is prolific, represented by lovely and graceful birds,different species of serpents, and insects. Hunting birds and tropical serpents (some of them areconsidered very rare and only native from Arth) is considered as a sport by the Vulmaw nobility,and these animals are sold at very expensive price in the northern market places of Ormal Bay, likeChajapn, Abar-Nark, Caerdhyan or Drej Uriac.Two port towns-Arsuon in the northwest and Vucuon in the southeast-accommodate nearly all ofthe island's thirty thousand Vulman-speaking residents. This island was settled by Vulman peoplein the beginning of the second millenia of Second Age, in an attempt to control the SouthernArchipelago. The coast is also strung with a line of scattered villages. The villagers earn a poorliving by trading in plantains, dried shrimps, banana, citrus, sugar-cane trees, and the product ofthe coconut palm (coconut husk ropes, lumber, reddish palm oil and copra cake - dried coconutmeat). The oil is sent in jars to the cities of Codya, where it is most appreciated.

Avikangsdar

Located along the northwestern flank of the Ered Engrin (S. "Iron Mountains"), Avikangsdar is anextremely cold, tundra-covered region. This bleak, almost uninhabited domain is best known forits ferocious winds and bitter winter temperatures.

Balkulni

The Niss River empties into a very large gulf. The coastal lands are extremely fertile, with a hotclimate (tempered by sea breezes) and frequent precipitations. Streams are numerous, and watersoaks the earth in summer as in winter. The warm climate is convenient to the development ofluxurious forests. It is one of the best fishing grounds in all of Endor. Thousands of fish speciesreside in these clear and warm waters. The Bay shelters four important anchorages from west toeast: Nirshat, Blzadan, Abr-Zadan (at the mouth of the Niss River) and Gimil. One otherimportant city of Balkulni is built to the south of the Treddas Mountains, and is named Kadar an-Urud.The Niss valley and the Lynerian League coasts and forests are the most fertile regions of OrmalBay. The warm climate is convenient to the development of a luxurious flora, mainly composed ofpalm trees, date palms and numerous types of fruit trees. The hills are green, covered with thickgrasses and strewn with a multitude of small multi-colored flowers. Inland the flora becomes morebushy and sparse.

Barl Syrnac

The Barl Syrnac is the western branch of the Iron Mountains, comprising great glaciers and snowcapped peaks (the highest peaks reach 5000 meters), raised by Morgoth to protect his fortress ofUtumno. These glistening spires protect the more temperate coastal taiga to the east from theharsh winds of Forodwaith. Great evergreen forests cover much of the taiga, especially in the covesand bays of the Sea of Illuin. Traditionally, the Barl Syrnac can be divided into three differentregions: Azjan (called by Dyrian and Mornerin "the Land of Evil Spirit"), Ukal Sj ("the Riversdouble Bay") and the forest of Dyr.Azjan is rather rugged and inhospitable. There are few forest, several secondary chain peaks,coastal sharp cliffs, and taiga plains. This land is usually avoided, except by the fools, as this wasthere that Morgoth and his evil servants established themselves. According to Dyrian's tales, theevil servants are still there, the most feared being Gostir, a pure white Cold-drake, the ancient"Dread-glance" of Dyrian legend, and perhaps some deadly spirits of cold or fire.In Ukal Sj, there are more than ten great rivers that take source from the Barl Syrnac. the mostimportant river is the Lusraig (Lo "Colored Reddish Foam River"), the longest in all Ukal-Sj,named for the reddish colour of the waters, that takes its source near the secret cave of Gostir. Alocal tale tells that one must not cross the Lusraig river, for it represents the drake domain's entry.All rivers had not been named, as some of them are very short in distance. Some rivers are namedin honor of Dyrian or Mornerin gods. The mountains are there rich in minerals, such as clay,granite, sandstone and copper. There are several little bays, taiga plains and forests with a

blooming fauna and flora.This wide valley is the most rich and populated area of the all Barl Syrnac, and furthermore suitedfor agriculture (cereals). The sea is extremely rich in fish and crustacean, the fauna with animals,and the valley in medicinal and nutritive plants. That is why both the Dyrian and the Mornerinexiles built near the coasts several permanent settlements. Another reason is that enables them tobetter resist against Lothragh and Orcs assaults. The most important sites are Olyavud (Dy"Mountain Graceful Village), carefully protected in the mountains by frequent patrols andarranged traps, near river Uskd (Dy "The River of Destiny"), Elyam, near Dyr forest, and Yjuvt,at the mouth of river Lusraig.The woodland of Dyr is stretched between the western bank of the Ujelsha River, and a spur of theIron Mountains, the little Nojd River, which is rich in clay and in copper. Formerly inhabited bythe Dyrians, there is still in Dyr some abandoned villages, occasionally occupied by marauders,Lothragh raiders and Orcs. This vast and wild dark taiga is now occupied by two tribes of the Half-Dwarves the Fustir-Gost Umli, who are avoided by the Lothragh raiders.

Bellakar

South of Gondor and Mordor lies the vast desert of Haradwaith. Much of its western expanse liesunder the dominion of Bellakar, a warlike kingdom of coasts and hills, lying between the deepestof seas and the most barren of wastelands. Together with the neighboring land of Raj (Bozisha-Miraz) to its southeast, Gondorian maps label Bellakar "Far Harad" (as distinct from Haruzan or"Near Harad"). Bellakar boasts a mix of different cultures: Nmenrean, native Bellakaze, Aukuagtribesmen of the desert, Bozishnarod from Raj, and a tribal people from the East called the Tedjin.In such a varied realm, conflict seethes eternally.Bellakar is divided into three different regions: Mardruak, Felayja and Bellazen. Hazaj Tollin is themost important city of Mardruak, a land where Umbar and Near Harad influence are very great,through the several invasion attempts led by Tedjin or Umbarean mercenaries. This is reflected inthe cosmopolitan cities of Mardruak, mainly Narik-Zadan - an important trading center forArnorian, Tulwan and Seven Lands merchants. The Monastery of the True Faith, located in themountain desert east of Hazaj Tollin, is the important religious center for Bellakar, and it is fromthere that priests come to teach the true Faith to the Bellakar inhabitants.Felayja, the land of the Sun, is dominated by two great cities, rzyan and Nllond, the capitalof the mighty realm, the only ally of Gondor in the South. Felayja also hosts the two mostimportant forest of Bellakar. In Auz Azunan ("Hills of the Spiritual People") and in Hau Nysrin("Mountains of Virtue") live secretly the Honnin and the Cuind Elves).Bellazen is a land of contrast, between Felayja and Bozisha-Dar. Bozisha-Dar, Tulwan and SevenLands merchants are very often there, especially in the cities of Korlea and Esmer. Bellazen is theBellakarian stronghold, as it was from there that the Tumakveh rebuilt the realms and foughtbattles against the invaders, Tedjin or Bozishnarod alike. Korlea is the second most important cityof the realm, and is unmatched as far as military protections.

Brd

Like neighboring Tana, Brd is an inland realm situated near the southeastern shores of Endor.The Oroslo (Q. "Mountains of the Wind") rise to the west, while the rivers Kirmas, Runk, andBreacna serve as the area's northern, southern, and eastern, boundaries, respectively. Since theRunk and Kirmas serve the two principal tributaries to the mighty Ams Breacna (which emptiesinto the sea less than a hundred miles downstream from the Kirmas Junction), virtually all ofBrd is connected by a riverine highway.Brdim culture combines the indigenous Braric traditions with influences from nearby Wl andLochas. Wlim and Brdim peoples share a common language and social organization, and Braricpolitical structure mirrors that found among the Lochaw.Sgl, Runk, and Brd are Brd's three urban centers. Situated on the southern bank of theKirmas in the northwest, Sgl commands the great pass through the Oroslo known as the WindGates. It is the largest and wealthiest of the three towns. Brd, which stands in the central hills, ishome to only eight thousand people; however, it serves as both the political and spiritual center forall the Brdim. The westernmost of the trio, Runk, is a little larger than Brd; and, like Sgl, is amajor river port. Located by the Runk Plunge, a waterfall where the Runk becomes unnavigable, itcommands the only bridge across the river.A plain white orb serves as the Braric symbol. The orb punctuates Brd's Lochan-derived flag,which employs a four-color field. Divided diagonally, the rectangular field represents the four

cardinal directions. Red denotes the East, green the South, purple the West, and blue the North.Originally a small kingdom founded by Womaw colonists in the early Second Age, Brd becameone of the most important provinces of the Lochan Empire throughout the late Second and ThirdAges. Following the final dissolution of the Empire in the 17th-century, Brd actively engaged inempire building, thwarted by its equally aggressive neighbors and the overwhelming might ofWaw.

Bulchyades

Located on the northeastern coast of the Bay of Ormal, Bulchyades is a low, arid region known forits colorful, Chyan fishing culture. Its sparse population resides in three distinctly different areas.Most people live in the lower Denly river valley. Some make their homes in the coastal fishingvillages, while others live in fortified hamlets in the western foothills of the Ered Harmal. Thelatter make their living as herders or miners.Although it produces fine fish, olives, and wine, Bulchyades is best known for its plentiful reservesof metal. Mining, metallurgy, and metal crafting account for most of the region's trade. Tin, brass,bronze, silver, and gold flow from the neighboring mountains.A Chyan-speaking people, the Bulchya are related to all of their neighbors. They enjoy a stable,peaceful lifestyle, despite the fact that their relative wealth occasionally invites unwelcome Acaraiders from the warlike domain of Acaana.A trio of silver spoons constitutes the symbol of Bulchyades. The Bulchya banner is red rectangleemblazoned with the three spoons, which are arranged in a vertical row.

Burskadekdar

An upland area noted for its hills and named for its hundred mile long lake, Burskadekdar is hometo nearly a quarter million Adek-speaking people. Its ancient and diverse traditions lend itremarkable strength and stability. Burskadekdar traders, anglers, planters, and herders form themost resilient of eastern Endor's myriad plains culture. Its well-armed warriors enjoy anunparalleled record of martial success.The city of Skad is the largest city in the region. Situated on an island in the midst of LakeBurskadekdar, it is renowned for its twenty-five stone causeways. These wide bridges connect thewalled town to an outer ring, which is in turn joined to the mainland by five, fifteen-mile long,elevated roads. The five highways cross an array of both floating- and fixed-span bridges.While the majority of the city's population lives in the walled core, over a third of the localresidents reside in small hamlets along the ring or major causeways.Although much smaller than Skad, the old town of the Burskadekdar remains an importantceremonial site. It is located in the hills of southwestern Burskadekdar. Like its name, the town'sgold, ring-shaped emblem serves the entire region. It is the symbol of Burskadek unity, and adornsthe pure black field of their twin-tailed flag.

Cevra

Cevra is a very long island (83 miles long north-south, 81 miles long east-west on its largest part)situated in the northern part of Endor's Southern Archipelago and surrounded by coral reefs thatare only seen at low tide. It is occupied by about two thousand Vulman-speaking residents. Abouta third live in Alcevrok and Ergali, ports located respectively on the Wur Cevrok (Vm. "Night-home Bay"), on the west-central coast and on the east extremity of the island, near Arth. Many ofthem are breeders, farmers or fishermen.Cevra's generally thin soil still supports two rain forests, both of which stand toward the windward(eastern) side of the isle. Protected by the chain of central hills, the northwestern side of the islandyields ample crops of grapes, citrus, and other fruits. Here, the soil is thicker. The local wine,which is sweet and fortified, is prized throughout the southern Middle-earth.

Chennacatt

Chennacatt lies along the northern flank of the Ered Laranor, on an arid plateau bounded by themountains and the rivers Chenna and Sresha. It comprises the western portion of Greater Harad,the region the local Apysaic-speaking tribesmen refer to as "Srayn." Its modest population isconcentrated in riverside towns, especially the walled city of Tartaust.Although some residents of Chennacatt farm, most of the scattered rural folk herd goats or sheep.

They produce wool that, like cotton and flax, is used in the region's thriving cloth and rugindustries.

Chey Sart

Chey Sart is situated in the center of Endor-between the Ered Harmal to the west, the serpentineTalathrant to the north, and the Chey Rill to the east. Although it is renowned as homeland of thelair Ren Jey (the eighth of the Nine Nazgl), it is best known as the traditional center of Cheyculture. Its most notable physical feature, the solitary volcano known as Ulk Chey Sart, is reveredby all Chejan-speaking peoples as the birthplace of their culture. Aside from the Chey Hills twohundred miles to the northeast, the black peak is the only height interrupting the vast Sartgrasslands (which measure six hundred miles from north to south and four hundred miles fromeast to west).

Chy

Situated west of the Chy Gap, a broad pass in the Ered Harmal, Chy is an arid, hilly area that sitsastride one of Endor's most important overland trade routes. It is named for a confederation ofChyan-speaking tribes. This is the core land for the Chyan Empire, which incorporates also AmmuBaj, Bulchyades, Clyan and Lodenly. The Empire is usually ruled by a High King (Ch "Rashaja"),either from Pelepelpl, or from Chajapn (the capital of Lodenly).The Chyans are fierce enemies of the Easterlings of Khand and of Orcs, whom they kill on sight.They have a long-standing rivalry with the Aca warlords and the Mranians of Harshandatt, arealm they have managed to conquer several times during history. Their beliefs are not far fromthe Nmenrean faith, as they revere the True One God Asruta and his fourteen children (to whomthey place opposite the Great Demon and his fourteen children). They entertain a permanentembassy in Tl Harar and in Abar-Nark, capital of the realm of Anarik, a Black Nmenreanrealm.Pelepelpl, or "Strongflow," is the traditional capital of the region. Built on a collection of nineterraced hills, it is linked to the neighboring mountains by a collection of six, multi-tieredaqueducts. The elevated waterways are paired and linked in order to increase their stability.Besides conveying water from no less than three highland streams, they act as dual-level highways.Encircling the city, they also serve as fortifications. Each is a marvel of engineering and atestimony to the High-kings who commissioned their construction. The six monarchs -Ganashshyn, Shbragan, Ganachyn, Gansh, Tasagana, and Ganagan (in chronological order) -are all buried in towering tombs astride their respective aqueducts. Their monuments comprise sixof the eighteen "Spires of Strongflow" (Ch. "Pit-apo-Pelepelpl").

Cmonemor

Island-realm of Elves in south-eastern Middle-earth. Ruled by the parents of Elorior. The islandwas a virtual paradise, and not many Elves bothered to sail West despite the enmity of Dwar'sWaw in the Second and Third Ages; the only notable time of departure was just after settlers fromWaw seized the isle in 1507 TA.

Clyan

Clyan is located on the arid southern flanks of the Ered Harmal, between Lurmsakun in easternHarad and Chy. Most of the land of Clyan is rolling or rugged, standing well above the lowlanddeserts of Harad (averaging 2,000 feet), which helps to mellow Clyan's harsh climate. A Chyan-speaking people, the Cly tribesmen can boast of few mineral resources and little political unity.Most live in fortified hilltop villages, troubled occasionally by goblins from the Ered Harmal orHaradon raiders from the scrub deserts to the west. They subsist on cattle, sheep, and goats, mostmaking their living by herding or rug making. The wealthiest of the Clyan villages serve as marketcenters for trade with wealthier lands.

Codya

Originally founded as a Vulmaw colony, Codya is the youngest and westernmost of the Womaw-related domains. It is positioned north of the mouth of the Bay of Ormal, near the southeastern tipof the Ered Harmal. Like Chy, Codya is also a region of contrast. The land is similar to Bellakar.Five different environments exist in Codya: the volcanic islands, a broad strip of coastland (about

20 to 60 km), the desert and the Treddas and Tem-Dazran mountains.The most important city built in the archipelagos by the Vulmaw is Myrn Shryac, the inland city onthe volcano's slopes, located in the Vultures Bay, near the frontier with Anarik, designed to be themost important fortress of all the Codyan land.The coastal grounds are extremely fertile, permanently irrigated by rivers, and favored by theweather. This is a coastal hilly wooded land, a very hospitable country, and consequently these arethe lands with the highest population density in all of Codya.In the stone hills, water from the few Codyan rivers sourced in Anarik or in the TreddasMountains empty into some dead alkali lakes. The ground is calcareous and the climate extremelyarid.The desert is as barren and arid as can be expected, but it is not the Mirror of Fire, as life, even ifdifficult, is still possible and exists. The desert is made of sands and rocks, with several oases. TheTreddas Mountains and their offshoot the Tem-Dazran represent the natural frontier betweenCodya and Balkulni. The mountains' peaks rise some 3000 meters above the sea. Few passesexists to provide travel to eastern Middle Earth. There are some important fortresses in themountains, following the Vulmaw tradition of isolation.

Cuivac Wmaw

One of the oldest Hildo realms, Cuivac Wmaw is the ancestral home of the Wmaw people - oneof the four original Womaw tribes. It comprises the southeast portion of the great peninsulaknown the Quendi as "Cuivistar." This cool, grassy land is graced with rich soil, fine harbors, and asurprisingly moderate climate.

Cuivinen

Cuivinen was once situated between the steep western flank of the Orocarni (Q. "RedMountains") and the eastern shore of the Inland Sea of Helcar. It served as the birthplace andoriginal homeland of the immortal Firstborn. Essentially torn apart during the apocalyptic changeafter the Great Battle at the end of the First Age, both the Inland Sea and the land of Cuivinenremain near-mythical locales.

Daldunair

Daldunair is a marshy land located around a two hundred mile-long lake of the same name. It liesdeep in the plains of eastern Endor: east of the Rycolis, south of Lu Tyr Su, and west of Uster Kryl.The vast grasslands of Kargagis Ahar stretch far to the south. Its sweet water and strategic locationastride one of Endor's busiest trade routes make Daldunair a choice prize for hungry conquerors.An isolated group of indigenous, Linerin-speaking fishermen and fowlers protect themselves fromthe frequent raiding and wars by living in Daldunair's numerous floating, lake-borne hamlets.

Dalpygis

Comprising the eastern part of the central Talathrant basin, Dalpygis is a cool, rich, grassy steppe-land located in heart of Endor. It is a volatile area beset by frequent migrations, wars, and plagues.The indigenous Aharin-speaking groups often find themselves subjugated or confined to thesurrounding hills.

Desdursyton

Desdursyton lies along the Iron Mountains, on the eastern shores of the Bay of Illuin. It is bestknown, though, as the home of the Tratalamar, a great mere situated atop the Traparsa,Endor's largest butte. The Dysdirani consider the Tratalamar (which they call "Gerlkneshe" -the "Spirit-mere") a holy place. These fierce, Tyran-speaking Men are widely considered thievesand rogues, who serve no one.The realm is for the first time unified in SA 2510 by Razeral, warlord of Rakiborzal with thesupport of an Orcish army form U-Lyshak. Like Rasedkh of Kiebk in rcheldor, Razeral acceptsa ring of Binding; he is later known as the Plundering King, and is responsible for a campaign ofplunder in the lands east of Desdursyton, and for the fall of Hisilond by the end of Second Age.

Dhath

Dhath is known to its Dilikhran inhabitants as "the land between the mountains." To the west,near the Niss Valley, is the l-Buldaz chain. To the south are the Pontym coastal mountains, andto the east are the Iriagi Mountains. To the north, Dhath is bordered by a desert known as theUljian. Dhath is a semi-arid land with average precipitation. It is a very windy land as well, andmassive storms often strike the large basin.Green grasslands are the feature of the Dhath region. Forests are only located to the north, nearthe l-Buldaz mountains (which are also named by the Dilikhran tribes the Elkas mountains),with coniferous trees, and to the south in Lynahar with deciduous trees. There are also some largelakes near the Iriagi Mountains. Several intermittent rivers feed these lakes, which are full inwinter and at a low level in summer.The Dilikhran are nomads that are far from being united. They live in small hut villages, and aremostly farmers and nomadic pastoralists. Their only city is placed at the middle of Dhaht, and isnamed Widh Br (Di "the camp city"). It is in the hands of the Ulkis tribe. There are seven greatDilikhran tribes, and fourteen minor tribes.

Dshera

Located south of the central Yellow Mountains (S. "Ered Laranor"), Dshera is a warm, wet, hillyland crisscrossed by streams and punctuated with lakes and swamps. It lies between the Bay ofsakan to the west and the river Koros to the east. It is populated by a variety of peoples, mostnotably Chailuk-speaking Woses (in the remote hills) and Mmakanin-speaking fisher folk (alongthe coasts).

Elorna

Elorna is a low, flat coastal region located between the Belegaer and Yellow Mountains, insouthwestern Middle-earth. The Onpu Mispr forms the area's southern boundary. A haven formigratory birds and other denizens of its vast tidal wetlands, it is ill suited to herding, farming, orother industries. Accordingly, Elorna remains the same dense and often impenetrable wild theElves first spoke of during the early Second Age.

Ergahem

Ergahem is an island located in the southeastern part of Endor. Hilly, forested and sandy, theisland is surrounded by coral reefs, which easily explains why mariners avoid approachingErgahem, and are forced (if they want to go to Folyani), to go into the Sea of Winds (which is filledwith pirates). There are several Rkhe settlements along the coasts. They are peaceful, and live offof the sea, and the phosphate found here which they trade to the Vulmaw and the Ohjan. Theclimate is equatorial and very warm. The island is moderately covered with various tropical fruittrees.

E-Sorul Sare

One of the largest islands located off the coast of Endor, E-Sorul Sare is the principal isle in thevast Southern Archipelago. It is populated by the Sare people, Mmakanin-speaking tribesmenknown for their hunting, fishing, and rice-growing skills. Steep mountains dominate the centralportion of the U-shaped island. Jungle covers portions of the long coastline.The islands that form the Ulban chain (Islands of the Claws) are a treacherous maze of hiddenreefs, mangrove swamps, and contrary currents. Without a knowledgeable pilot (who only can behired from the locals), any ship venturing into the channels does it at maximum risk. Thetreacherous waters aside, these islands are also populated by Sre people. It is believed that this isthere that the ancestors of Sre people first settled and built their first city, Miyin-Tar (nowreduced in ruins through the conflicts with their Mmakani and Tantraki neighbours). Theseislands are barely hospitable, as it is poor in animal life and in flora (only a few palm and coconuttrees). Nonetheless, some few villages exist, and greatly benefit for their survival of their proximityof Mulvyann (Island of the Shell).The other major islands of the chain are Olyad (Great Island) and Mulvyann. Olyad is bounded onnearly every side by cliffs and flows of volcanic rock, except in the south. Like E-Sorul Sre, themain landscape is mountain, with four peaks above 5000 feet (all extinct volcanos). The land isrich in limestone and basalt rocks. This is near a tropical forest and along the course of the TongaRiver that are established the Sre people, who cultivate oil palm, date, coconut and banana trees.

Mulvyann is like an extension of E-Sorul Sre. Similar landscapes can be seen there.The climate of both islands is tropical, the temperatures are very high (but tempered by marinebreezes and mainly trade winds), but rain is not generous during the summer season. In winter oncontrary, the rain can be intermittent.

Faelaan

Faelaan is a two hundred mile long peninsula running southeastward from the eastern flank of theOroslo. The Romenar washes against its northern and eastern shores, while the Yawning Bayforms its southern boundary. Hilly and well forested, Faelaan is a reasonably pleasant land. Themountains block much of the prevailing winds and a warm current insures safe sailing. Itsprincipal river, the Oronsr is rich in fish and, while swift, wide and deep enough to navigate fortwo-score miles.Still, the area's relative isolation and shallow, rocky soils make it unattractive for many settlers. Itremains a thinly populated region dominated by other peoples, notably the Aegaw, Argaw,Lochaw, and Ts'dan. In fact, the region's name is Womarin and means "Land of the Fale," forFaelaan is the ancestral home of the Fale tribes.

Folyani

Folyani is the largest island located in the Sea of Winds. Unlike Nejhen, Folyani suffers little fromtidal waves and earthquakes, as most of the borders of the island are made up of high cliffs andmountains, and there is little volcanic activity. The southern coasts provide several natural harborsand hilly coastal plains. There are four different groups of mountains, reaching up to 3000 meters,as high enough to be snow-tipped during winter. Four different rivers run from these mountains.There are also verdant and bounteous valleys, rocky soil, large lakes and deep forests.This island is inhabited by the Ohjan, distant relatives of the Lynr and the three tribes of Edain.The Ohjan may once have been part of the Lynr migration, but lost their brothers in the darkforests of central Middle Earth. They managed to go south, traveling the hostile lands of Maakenand Aldhad, and reached the Sea of Winds. Not wanting to stay too long in Nejhen with the Nejhpastoralists, they built small boats and eventually came, with some luck, to Folyani. They builtsmall villages in the mountains, and in the following centuries, contacted the other humanpopulation of the Bay of the Coral Reefs, and the Elves of the nearby island, Cmonemor. Thesepeaceful contacts enable them to learn much from the Elves. The Ohjan are great lovers of thearts, and their cities are magnificent, with golden palaces and exquisite temples to their gods.Unlike the Lynr, they were early on ruled by a King, who established in the sixth century thecapital city of Thurbiand in the mountains. The Ohjan became expert in the arts of war anddiplomacy, and soon dominated the nearby island of Ergahem, only occupied by a group of Rkhe-speaking traders and fisher-folk. They represent one of the four major powers of the Bay; theothers being Jamna, Sakal an-Khr and the Vulmaw.

Gaathgykarkan

Gaathgykarkan is a low steppe-land situated between Ibav and the Bleak Mountains.Characterized by short, lush grasses and gently rolling countryside, it is the southernmost plainamong the vast array of flatlands stretching across central Endor. Its moderate climate andsheltered position provide inviting pasturage for its Aharin- (in the north) and Ibavin-speaking (inthe south) residents, most of whom are herders.

Gan

Gan lies south of the eastern Ered Laranor (Q. "Yellow Mountains.") and north of the Bay of Gan.It is a warm, wet, hilly region noted for its deep lakes and lush, hardwood forests. Populated byboth Mmakanin- and Tuktanin-speaking peoples, it serves as a major shipbuilding center.

Geshaan

Once the center of a wealthy kingdom, Geshaan suffered by far the worst of the lands of theMmakan when the earth shook with the fall of Beleriand and the drowning of Angband. The levelof the land sank and water collected there, but not into a lake, as it might. Instead, a swampformed: an unclean place of rotting trees and creatures of darkness. The Koros River and the areasaround it are suitable for traveling, for it has a swift current and permits no collection of foul

refuse; but farther in, where the land is uneven and pools and mires collect, all manner of thingsgrow. Within lies the city of Given and somewhere, the temple complex of Ty-Ar-Rana.

Gak (Gkien)

Situated north and east of the Womaw Reach, the easternmost arm of the Orocarni (Q. "RedMountains"), Gkien is a large, rugged peninsula. Thick hardwood forests occupy most of its rockycoasts, while swift, chilly rivers and extremely deep lakes dominate the inland areas along themountain flanks. Ceer Gak, a great swamp surrounding the mouth of the Gak River (Wm."Aceer Gak"), lies in the southeasternmost corner of this ancient Womaw homeland.Like the rest of the old "core-lands" of Womas Drus which includes Wm Shryac, Kiangnan, andMaekche Gak is named for the tribe that first settled its cool but temperate hills. Their tribalcenter at Alk-Gak on Leer Gak still serves as one of the Womaw's four capitals. Great huntersand fisherman, the Gakaw are the most revered Womaw line.Like the rest of the old "core-lands" of Womawas Drus - which includes Wm Shryac, CuivacWmaw, and Mak - Gak is named for the tribe that first settled its cool but temperate hills.Their tribal center at Aalk Gak on Leer Gak still serves as one of the Womaw's four capitals.Great hunters and fisherman, the Gakaw are the most revered Womaw line.

Haen

Situated along the northeastern flank of the Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains"), Haen is a cold buttemperate peninsula surrounded by the Weer Womaw (Wm. "Womaw Gulf"). Haenac Tataweerserves as the capital, but the Hion of Haen lives sixty-four miles to the north, at the Eight TieredHall above the watery Haen Steps. Established by the Aokos family - the most revered of Haen'soriginal families-the hall is a major center of Womarin-based scholarship.

Harshandatt

Harshandatt is an arid coastal region located east of the Haradwaith Desert. It lies along thewestern shores of the Bay of Ormal. Harshandatt is comprised of two dissimilar areas: firstly, theNar valley and the coastlands, and secondly, the Jelhat Kurj (Mu. "Barren Desert"). While thevalley of the Nar river and the coastlands are the only reasonably fertile zones in all of thiscountry, the Jelhat Kurj extends over many square miles, parted in two by the river: to the south itmeets with the Kirmlesran hills (and the N-Tava to the southwest), and to the north it goes out ofHarshandatt and fades gradually into the steppes next to the Ered Harmal. On the other side, thefirst reaches of the Mirror of Fire mark the western boundaries of Harshandatt.Inhabited by the Mranians, Apysaic-speaking traders and fishermen, it comprises theeasternmost region of Greater Harad. They are either independent (and when they are the BlackLeopard's realm created in SA 625 is fully affirmed in Tl Harar, in Chyan lands and in Anarik),either under domination of the Chyan Empire.

Hathor

A united kingdom, traditionally ruled by a strong monarch out of the capitol city of Tanith, Hathoris somewhat of an enigma for a realm on a peninsula. As is obvious to anyone studied in the waysof races, the Hathorians are not native to their land. Blond and blue eyed, with naturally fair skin(though tanned by the sun), they apparently migrated to their present land long ago, althoughcertainly not by sea. As a race, they fear the open sea like no other - even more so than theDwarves do. Short trips about the Koros Bay or even along the southern coast bother them not atall, but just the mention of a long sea voyage will drain the color from the face of even the bravestHathorian warrior. This of course is a source of endless amusement for their Elven neighbors, asthe Hathorians are not afraid of much else; in fact, they are considered reckless by otherstandards.The king maintains an army of respectable size to guard the borders facing potential enemies. TheHathorians traditionally do not wear armor, but carry light, very effective shields, and are excellentwith the composite bow and broadsword.

Heb Aaraan

The hill country of the Heb Aaraan lies fast against the steep eastern face of the Suncrown, thehighest and most rugged peaks of the Ered Harmal, high above the adjoining lands and

consequently wooded and relatively well watered. Its people are Chyan-speaking woodsmen whoare often dominated by the more powerful lords of nearby Chey Sart.The name Aaraan is itself Avarin Elvish. Much of the country near to the mountains or away fromthe major caravan trails is inhabited by the Taarun, an Elvish people. They are rumored to live inseveral exotic cities situated in beautiful mountain valleys. Lords of the warlike Chey from east ofthe mountains, and the more civilized Haruze from the western slopes, have occasionally sentarmies into the mountains to find the Gleaming Cities of Heb Aaraan. Few survivors returned fromthese expeditions and these claim to have seen only small villages of well-cut stone and hedge,guarded by Spirits of Fire and Storm.Neither the Taarun or the Mannish hill-clans of the Heb Aaraan contest the control of themountain passes with nations who send trading caravans over the Ered Harmal, so an uneasypeace usually reigns throughout the region even in times torn by war. The Heb Aaraan's few townsdeal in timber, animal hides and exotic medicinals. Although there are no active volcanoes in theEred Harmel, the titanic forces that raised the mountains still regularly release heat from deepwithin the earth. The region boasts a multitude of hot springs, some renowned for their healingpowers. Heb Aaraan's largest lake, the Chyasraan, is fifty miles in length, all of it warmed by hotmineral waters, so that it perpetually steams through the chills of deep winter.

Helcar Sael

Helcar Sael lies along a narrow coastal shelf on the eastern flank of the Orocarni (Q. "RedMountains"). It comprises the rich and well-protected Sael Valley, which once served as theprincipal eastern route into Cuivinen. The uppermost part of this wide river vale is called Parthrulis, the "Field of Fire-honey," in name of its nectar-rich flowers. The Cirith rulis is the mainpass through the central Orocarni. It leads east and then north to Moinarlin - "Monarlan" in theWomaw tongue - a great collection of waterfalls that spill into a pool that feeds the river Cuivisrand the great lake of Helkanen in Helcarth.rulis is actually a cross-shaped vale. The centermost portion is home to the hallowed Ayiigawm,the "Dragon-fields," where the Womaw bury their High-kings - the so-called "Hionvori." Here, acomplex of huge, circular grass barrows linked by stone-lined subterranean halls covers an area ofabout sixty-four square miles. Haututumkodur stands at the center and serves as the resting placefor the golden drake that helped educate and unite the founders of Womawas Drus. The Avari ofHelcarth refer to the place as "Angulkaparsi." Though the Elves regularly pass by the area, theyare careful to respect its sacred boundaries. Ironically, few Hildor ever see the place. Most turnaway when they see one of the sixteen laen Dragon statues that mark the border of the burialground.Tatamrilis, a Womaw port city near the mouth of the Sael, and the province capital, houses nearlythree quarters of the area's hundred thousand Womarin-speaking residents. Aligned along fourhuge, interconnected bridges, it is a marvel of stonemasonry. The town serves as the principalpoint of exchange between the Womaw, Aegaw, and the Avari. It is the chief city in the Red Gulf(which the Aegaw call the "Bay of Swirling Waters").The Avari have a small settlement in Calentaur, the forest north and west of Tatamrils. TheseElves trade with the men of Tatamrilis and with their brethren on the western side of theOrocarni.The Khazd reside to the south of the Cirith rulis. Originally from the northern reaches of theOrocarni, the Khazd relocated to the south of the Cirith rulis after stripping the northernmountains of their wealth. Sections of the northern mountains are riddled with mineshafts andglory holes testimony to the Khazd desire to work the materials of the earth.

Helcarth

Situated around a long, exceedingly deep lake tucked into the steep western flank of the Orocarni(Q. "Red Mountains"), a remnant of the now-lost Inland Sea of Helcar, Helcarth is a mysteriousAvar realm. Legends suggest that it constitutes part of ancient Cuivinen, the old coastal home ofthe Quendi. Helcarth's Elven overlords live in a beautiful, pastoral land characterized waterfallsand streamside parks. A great circular earth-wall surrounds their kingdom. Thus, the Avari remainapart from the Hildor. The three entries into Helcarth all follow long, heavily guarded channelsand passageways.Only the East-gate, the "Doors of Morning," is kept unlocked. They open toward Moinarlin (Q."Dear Exalted Mere"), a pool fed by three waterfalls and the birthplace of the river Cuivisr. TheDoors of Morning actually open onto a grass-covered road that winds under the great cataract

spilling out from Moinarlin. The fall forms a watery arch that gives birth to a virtually perpetualrainbow.The Cuivisr is one of three major streams emptying into the great lake of Helkanen. Helkanen isall that remains of the Gaer Helcar. Its cold shores form the core of the Avari's guarded homeland.

Hildrien

Hildrien, the "Land of the Followers," was the birthplace of Men (Hildor) in the First Age. Nowmostly submerged beneath the Gulf of Hildrien, it lay south of Cuivinen, in the Farthest East ofMiddle-earth. Its southern boundaries skirt the northern flanks of the Mountains of the Wind.Ralian lies to the west.

Horl

Horl is located south of Ralian, along the western flank of the Orosli (Q. "Mountains of theWind"). Inhabited by a Horlek-speaking people, it is a rich, temperate plateau.

Ibav

Ibav is a low, flat land located between Lochas Drus and the Bleak Mountains, surrounded byhardwood forests. Ibavin-speaking people, the Ibaavi, live in the central plain and on the eaves ofthe forests, dominated by a tribal warrior class and a powerful priesthood ruled by a single King.

Idurk

The Niss River rises in the Tem-Eskam, a mountain chain splitting from the Ered Harmal thatrises some 3000 meters above sea level. The river is fed by two glaciers, as well as the torrentialrains falling on the mountain peaks. Few passes exist to provide safe travel to Northern Endor, asthe mountains are infested by Orcs. Only one known road is in use. The climate is cooler than inthe neighboring regions of Uljian and rakhan. In winter, the mountains are entirely covered bysnow, which renders the pass much more difficult.The mountains, like many others, are particularly rich in minerals: there can be found in these oldvulcan peaks a predominance of quartz, feldspar, and mica. These minerals (as well as manyothers) glow in the dawn light. These minerals are highly desired by Vulmaw or rakhanmerchants, who engage mercenaries companies to fight against Orcs if necessary to obtain them.There are also copper mines and marble quarries in the mountains here.Idurk is the breadbasket of the northern Niss valley, as to the north the land is surrounded bydesert and steppes. The valley is quite hilly, there are many coniferous forests (pines, oaks, andwillow) along with some more tropical and exotic trees. The river valleys of Niss and Nusar arefertile and lush. Of the two, the Niss valley is more fertile, thanks to the cool air coming from themountains and to more frequent rainfall.The Idurk, distantly related to the Chyans, have lost the nomadic ways of their ancestors,probably when in contact with the Verikis and Senr peoples (tribal peoples related to the Elinse).The most important city, the capital of Idurk, is Idm ("the City of the God"), which is veryfamous for its concentric walls and its temple with seven platforms (called Ziggourat). There aremany villages, very often fortified, and always dedicated to one particular god of the Idurkpantheon, with one important rule: local gods are not revered everywhere and some areconsidered as blasphemous by others. The Idurk civilization is centered on rivers Niss, Nusar andthe Ishlt (as it is considered the frontier with the rakhan realm).

Imaldawath

The forest east of Ibav, also called the Great Forest, separates this land from Lochas Drus, formingan unsurpassable barrier. This huge hardwood forest is inhabited by Avar Elves, the Awartasi (Aw."Forsaken Ones"), who call their land Imaldawath (Aw. "Under the Trees' Shade"). Seduced anddeceived in the Elder Days by Morgoth, they have created a peculiar Elven civilization in a bizarrebalance between Elven nature and the awaiting of the Dark Master's return.

Iskah

Iskah lies tucked between the Great Forest of Urd and Aeareryn in Northeastern Middle-earth.Situated about two hundred miles west of the Sea of Thilluin, it is populated by a rugged, reclusive

Mornerin-speaking people, often subject to the rule of the Urdar.

Isra

An arid, somewhat hilly land located along the northeastern flank of the Ered Laranor (Q. "YellowMountains"), Isra is part of Srayn - "Greater Harad." It comprises all the land including andbetween the Maudar and Srsis river valleys. Its sedentary, Apysaic-speaking population isconcentrated in the two vales, both of which support substantial agricultural communities. Theirprincipal crops include wheat, rice, and cotton.

Jamna

Jamna ("Coast of the Black Sand"), located to the east of Sakal an-Khr on the bay of Coral Reefs,is very often covered by clouds of black ash from the volcanic Unay ("Jagged Ridge") in the east.The Chasr, a people distantly related to the Zurghr and the Jop, populated these lands. Theclimate is of monsoon type, relatively dry, cool winter from Girithron to Ninui, dry hot summerfrom Gwaeron to Lothron, the northwest monsoon brings dry weather from Norui to Urui, and thesoutheast monsoon brings the wet season (maritime winds and precipitations) from Ivaneth toHithui.In the east are the Unay and their foothills. Parallel with the Jagged Ridge are the northernplains, which extend from west to east. These plains were originally an inland sea that had beenfilled through time by deposits brought down by rivers, especially the Erala and the Usufa. Nowthese plains are quite hilly and forested.Ulakj, a coastal plateau that is relatively dry and deforested, forms most of southern Jamna. It isalso the most fertile area of all Jamna, thanks to the west winds coming from the Jagged Ridgethat bring rich black ash to the soil. There are very few sandy beaches - instead tall black cliffsrising hundreds of feet above the sea dominate the shoreline. At its eastern edge lies the Ejht, alow range of hills and a broad coastal plain. The Erela is not only Jamna's most important river(taking its source from the Jagged Ridge); it is also considered sacred by the Chasr.These lands were not considered of interest to the Nmenreans of Sakal an-Khr until the reign ofKing Ar-Sakalthor. Gold was discovered in the Erela River, and rubies were found along its banks.This land suddenly became more interesting to the potentates of Sakal an-Khr. There, on themouth of River Erela, the Nmenreans established a fortified outpost called Nimir Kadar, theShining City, and its port became one of the largest and busiest of all the ports of Middle-earth.Near the largest gold deposits the nobles of Nmenrean and Chasr descent built fortresses, and anew name for the land came into the common use - Pharazain, the Golden Lands.

Jendiar

Jendiar is situated along the southwestern flank of the Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains"). It isoccupied by Linerin-speaking farmers and herders. Best known for its vast system of subterraneanwells and channels, it yields large, steady crops of grain and hearty fruits.

Jojojopo

Jojojopo lies at the southern end of the Akenshn mountains, on a peninsula sundering the ShayBight to the east and Sunum to the south. Blessed with countless harbors, a mild climate, and awide variety of mineral-rich landscapes, its Narnerin-speaking Jop residents have enjoyed relativestability and prosperity since the early part of the middle of the Second Age.

Kael

Kael is located just east of the central Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains"). It lies along thesouthwestern shores of the Weer Womaw, the gulf west of the Womaw Sea (Wm. "OweerWomaw"). Famous for its "Stone-walks," four covered highways, it is a civilized and well-settledland. Only the swamps of northern and eastern Kael remain untamed.

Ka'ish

Hilly and forested land north of the Ams Breacna and east of the Orosuli. Ts'dan from V'Shrangconquered Ka'ish in S.A. 323-48. There, in Shelf-lands east of the southern Orosli, theyestablished the K'Prur culture. Their Narnerin-speaking descendants reside throughout the

heavily-wooded Proric peninsula, while intermingling with various local groups. Ts'eml, K'il, K'iv,K'fig, and H'ent comprise the area's major towns. A province of the Lochan Empire on thenorthwestern peninsula of Lochas Drus, in the 16th-century TA Ka'ish seceded from the LochanEmpire and managed to hold its own against the failing Dral line and its allies. Ka'ish under KingZemkar ul nearly succeeded in gaining the Empire when he married the last Dral Hionvar'swidow. By the end of the Third Age, however, the region was known as "Old Ka'ish," a backwaterregion.

Kargagis Ahar

Kargagis Ahar is vast grassland in east-central Middle-earth. Located on a 3,000-foot high plateau,it lies about halfway between the Talathrant and Endor's eastern highlands. It is populated bynumerous Aharin-speaking tribal confederations. Most are semi-nomadic herders.

Karn Ord

Situated along the southeastern flank of the Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains"), west of the riverOrosr, Karn Ord is populated by a mix of Aegaw and Ubain peoples. Most speak Womarin,although many in the western highlands speak an old Linerin dialect.

Kaylund

Kaylund is an island nearly all covered by forest, except in a few areas. Like Sunum, Kaylund is aVulmaw colony, famous for its wine exported all over the Bay, from Codya to Lochas Drus. WhenLochas Drus fell, Kaylund was submitted by force to the Folyani hegemony, and later the Cha-t'omercenaries established here a realm of their own under their great leader Yoenk.

Khnd

Khnd stretches between the southeastern flank of the Ephel Duath and the northwestern edge ofthe Ered Harmal. It occupies the semi-arid plateau bordering northeastern Harad and thuscommands the great Khnd Gap, the hundred mile wide pass facing southern Rhn and easternMordor. Nrad lies in the hills to the northeast.Hot, dry, and windy, Khnd is an unforgiving locale. Its flat, lowland areas afford few means forstable settlement. Scrub and desert abound throughout Lower Khnd. Here, horse herders movetheir lightly encumbered bands around a circuit of periodic shelters and encampments, theirroutes dictated by the location of springs, seasonal pools, and intermittent streams. The onlypermanent settlements lie along the broad, shallow Knife River, a tributary of the Harnen.Sturlurtsa Khnd - the traditional capital of Lower Khnd and the largest city between Umbar andthe Talathrant - stands by the confluence of the rivers Knife (V. "Noz Peka") and Gold-horse (V."Medlshad Peka"). It is the home of the powerful rpof and Olna clans.Upper Khnd, which comprises the eastern and northern quarters of the region, enjoys a bit morerainfall and cooler temperatures. The more numerous tribes of the area are generally richer andmore settled than their brethren to the west and south. Upper Khand's principal city, bssh-ta-Pavter (V. "Refuge from the Flailing Wind"), stands only about 170 miles east and upstream fromSturlurtsa Khnd; however, it receives twice the precipitation and a lot less heat than its larger andmore important counterpart. The town is home to the Irbo clan.Lork is the sister city of bssh-ta-Pavter and the second town of Upper Khnd. The home ofthe Achef clan, it has produced most of the Variag kings. vathar Achef, the greatest conqueror ofthe line, became the ninth of Sauron's accursed Ringwraiths. vathar (aka "vatha") was born atthe Caves of lbamarl. The vast caverns wind up and down through a mountain spur located in thesoutheastern part of the Ephel Duath (S. "Shadow-fence"). They include two permanent towns andseven shrines. Here, the bones of many Kings are entombed (the Variag successors strip the meatfrom, and then eat, their fallen monarchs).All seven of the Variag confederations speak Varadja and share a common culture rooted in anages-old reverence for the horse. Superb riders and warriors, they are without peer as cavalry.

Kharadn

Hyarn lies along the southwestern coast of Endor, between the Belegaer and the western flank ofthe Ered Laranor. The river Aronduin (S. "Woods-river") forms its northern border. Althoughcolonized by Nmenreans, it is actually an Aden realm founded by Apysaic-speaking Haradrim.

Relatively pureblooded Adena reside throughout the inland, most of which is semi-arid scrub orgrassland. More wealthy mixed-blooded descendants of the Adan settlers live by the coast or inrich river vales along the area's northern boundary. Many of the latter group deals in the region'snumerous timber products.

Kirakh

Kirakh is a modest-sized group of hilly islands in the southeastern part of Endor's SouthernArchipelago. Hilly and sandy, they are known for having poor soil and little water. Like many ofthe neighboring islands, Kirakh chain is populated by Rkhe-speaking traders and fisherfolk. Thefirst notable exception is Nmirakh, the westernmost isle. Its central lake is home to dozens ofvarieties of strange and often unique acquatic species. The second exception, the easternmostisland, Kirakh is covered by sandy beaches and whitish stalagmite spreading out over 10kilometers square, which seen from the sea is quite an impressive spectacle. Of an oval form,Kirakh is entirely surrounded by coral reefs that emerges from sea at sea tide. There are severalRkhe settlements along the coasts. They are peaceful, and live from the product of the sea, andfrom the phosphate, which is exploited by the Vulmaw of Vulm Shryac. The climate is equatorial,the temperatures are rather high (about 25 to 35 C). The island is moderately covered banana,coconut, pandanus, papaws trees. Many of the other islands are not inhabited or explored, andnearly all have a vulcanic origin, like the Llikh chain.

Kirmlesra

Kirmlesra is located to the north of the lower reaches of the Sresha River, near the southwesternshore of the Bay of Ormal. It comprises one of the lands of Srayn, or "Greater Harad." Arid andhilly, it is known for its light, porous, and often alkaline soil. Few, save the hardiest of plants, enjoyany hope of surviving in this unforgiving domain. It is not surprising that virtually all ofKirmlesra's Apysaic-speaking residents live on its southern fringes, in the northern Sresha Valley.Those that reside elsewhere live near the deep wells of the area's few oases.

Koronand

More than any other realm in the Mumakan area save Tantrak, Koronande is a united country.Also worthy of mention is the fact that the government of Koronande is a republic, extremely rarein Middle-earth. The majority of the elected officials in this mixed Kirani/Elven country are Kirani,not that the Elven population is subjugated in any way; rather, even the Elves elect Kiranirepresentatives, knowing that they themselves lack the initiative to participate actively in whatthey consider a 'complex' government. On the other hand, many of the Koronande legislators andgovernors have Elven advisors, who often survive several turnovers of office, being excellentnoncommittal sources of information and wisdom. As may be expected, the Elves inhabit the morerural, forested areas of Koronande, constructing beautiful and elaborate homes in the branches ofthe huge trees, which often grow to heights exceeding 200' the greatest example of which isTauronde, the city which presides over the district of the same name, north and west of Korlan. Itis almost entirely Elven in population, and its governor and senate representatives are Elves (it hasbeen speculated that there is Noldorin blood in some of the Elves of Tauronde, for, of all theimmortals only the Noldor showed great drive and perseverance). Tauronde the city is in fact acluster of the Luraks, lord trees of the jungle, into the branches of which have been built elaboratehomes and shops, inns and halls, all well over one hundred feet above the jungle floor. The capitolof Koronande is Korlan, on the mouth of the Koros River. The realm is divided into six districts,each having its own main town and governor. The Senate consists of twelve members, two fromeach of the districts, who meet monthly for three days to decide matters of concern to the realm asa whole. The Republic has a strong navy, the only one in the region that can contest that ofTantrak - no doubt part of the reason that country attacked them, and the reason that attackfailed. They are the traders of the Mumakan and, not surprisingly, Korlan is the main trading city,and a center of commerce. The Elves of Taaliraan have a more extended trading network, but theirvolume is a fraction of the Koronandan's.

Kosth Leer

The largest island chain in the Romenar, Kosth Leer is comprised of nine major, and hundreds ofminor, isles. Kael is located just east of the central Orocarni (Q. "Red Mountains"). The

archipelago delineates the northern boundary of the Womaw Sea (Wm. "Oweer Womaw"). To thewest is the Weer Womaw, the or "Womaw Gulf," while the frigid Helkar lies to the north.Unlike Uiven to the south, Kosth Leer is surrounding by cold, shifting currents and strong northwinds. It is a rugged and nearly treeless domain populated by tough Womaw seafarers. TatamaacPvaan, the capital, houses no more than ten thousand residents.

Kbor Sd

Kbor Sd lies along the northeastern edge of Endor's broad East-plain. A hardwood forestseparates it from Iskah to the northwest. Its northern and eastern boundaries are defined by thevast taiga forest known as the Illuin Wood. The Sea of Illuin is situated about two hundred miles tothe north, on the other side of the primeval woodland.The Kbor, a collection of Mornerin-speaking herders and trappers, reside throughout the cool,grassy Sd fields. They are relatives of the Rbor peoples, who make their home in the higherlands to the southwest.

Kykurian Kyn

Kykurian Kyn lies east of Rhn, above the western banks of the Talathrant. A vast grasslandcharacterized by intermittent collections of rolling hills, it is populated by a host of ever-shiftingUlgathic- and Ioradja-speaking peoples. The former group, which dominates westernmost Kynand eastern Rhn, are known throughout Gondor as the "Wain-easterlings." The latter are oftenreferred to as the "Balchoth."

Llikh

Long and hilly, Llikh is the largest island in the group of the same name. It is lies about twohundred miles off the south coast of Endor, in the vast Southern Archipelago. Over four hundredmiles long, it is one of the larger islands in the Haragaer. Like Amirakh to the south, Llikh ispopulated by Rkhe-speaking traders and fisher folk.The human implantation concentrates mainly near the coasts, and mainly in the east or in thesouth. Fayn, the city chief port is located in the Lu-Shi bay (Vulm "Shell"), where are can be foundtrout, lobsters, huitres, crabs, as well as different fishes and many shells (which easily explains thebay name). Fishing is the first resource of the island, resold in the markets of Cevra and Llikh.Immediate to that bay, Ulshan and Sskh islands (Vulm "Islands of the Slaves"), which shows asimilar landscape (mountain, forest and sandy beaches) than Llikh, is mainly known for Hanawa,the chaos city and for Asat Mount, an old vulcan still in activity, which dominates Hanawa bay. Inthe northern part of the island, a native population, relative to the Sre live there, and it is usualfor them to propell victims to the vulcans in order to receive benediction and peace from theirgods. This faith is a good source for slaves for Hanawa pirats. Unknown to the natives, who arerather reclusive, only a slight pourcentage of victims are really precipitated into the vulcan. Theothers are then resold everywhere on the Southern Archipelago or in every trading center in theNorth at exorbitant tariffs.

Lochas

In S.A. 347 Woma Dral, Hion of the Surk (a tribe of the Womaw) brought his great fleet to Cleaac,on the southeastern coast of Endor. He was in search of new and fertile territory for his tired hordeof Vulmaw warriors. The residents of the area at that time called themselves the "Lakhab" (lit."Coast folk"), and lived in modest communities situated by the rocky promontories where theirwarlords erected citadels of earth and rude stonework. An armed landing by a Surk battle groupset the tone for subsequent relations between the two peoples. So the Cunaaci-aac-Aalkbroda' (L."Battle of Hillholds") decided who would be master of the fertile lands west of the Ams Breacna'(L. "River of Great Memories"). Woma Dral was given the Laath of Hionvor on the first day of S.A.348 (the first year of the Lochan Second Age). His reign initiated a new period in the history ofsoutheastern Endor; for the first time, an organized, centralized society embarked on a campaignof conquest. Woma Dral began to carefully shape the nature of his new "Lochas" (L. "Never-endingGlen") from the very outset. Using a modest set of laws that had been brought from his homelandof Uon on Vulm Shryac, he fashioned a state based on the eight traditional kindreds of Vulmaw.Four pairings of tribal moieties were settled in distinct geographical districts: (1) in Halocha, theShom and Vaeliic, both Surk, settled; (2) the Tawurk, Wom and Runaas, lived in the western Haen

of Rualocha; (3) the Moak, including the Niviis and Chorn, held Diolocha; and (4) the Narig,composed of the Krawn and Uoniis tribes, held sway along the Breachna in Maralocha.

Lchas Drs

Lochas Drus, the "Dominion of the Lochaw" encompassed all of the areas once ruled by the lordsof Lochas proper; the Lochans were descendents of Womaw colonists from Thuriac Codya.Administrative units were organized along Womaw cultural lines and basically correspond totraditional ethnic areas. This system had been instituted by the first Dral Hionvar, Woma Dral,and lasted until his descendent Oervik Dral was driven from the throne and forced to commitsuicide in 27 TA.The Dral clan under Demik Dral had again taken control of the empire in 1148 TA; his descendentsruled until the coming of the Shadow in 1617. Lochas Drus was not the great power it had been,however, and the Empire was reeling in the face of renewed Wlim aggression. Dwar had returnedto Waw in the 11th century TA and convinced his people to throw off Lochan rule, both on Wawand in the ancestral homeland of Wl. In 1507 they conquered the last of the southeastern islands,the Elven sanctuary of Cmnemor, and Waw declared itself the center of the Second WlimEmpire in 1617. The Dog-lord's ships began assailing the Lochan coasts, raiding deep into Wl andBrd.The last Lochan Hionvar, Oervik-dem Dral, died leading his forces into battle against Ka'ish in1659. His army consisted chiefly of his own personal forces, the men of Brd, allied with troopsfrom Horl and Unvirnay; auxiliary troops from Wl marched beside them. Ka'ish had secededfrom the empire, allying itself with an occupation force from Waw. Oervik-dem was a fine militarytactician, but he did not allow for the treachery of the Wlim, who joined their distant kinsmenfrom Waw on the second day of battle. Caught between two armies, the Lochans were crushed, andOervik-dem 's head was taken back to Waw as a trophy. Oervik-dem had three daughters and aninfant son. One of the daughters was married to the lord of Wl, the other two were hostages at thecourt of Dwar. Oervik-dem's widow, Chandica, tried to rally the Lochan court around her infantson and install herself as regent until he could come of age. It was not to be. The Lord of Ka'ish,Zemkar Sul, pursued his advantage, raiding the Brd court and carrying Chandica back to Ka'ish.He forcibly married her and laid claim to the Lochan throne, only to be crushed as a rebel by thecombined forces of Waw and Wl. After the division of the Lochaw empire in T.A. 1794, varioussuccessor kingdoms and confederations arose, many of which were based on ancient culturaldivisions or claims. While striving to eliminate any obvious vestiges of their long-standingsubserviency, they often retained the names and borders bequeathed by their Lochan- speakingoverlords.

Ldenly

Ldenly lies west of the southern Ered Harmal, just south of Chy and the nearby Chy Gap.Flanked by the rivers Denly and Acaadky, it is a gently rolling, semi-arid plain occupied byChyan-speaking herders and farmers. Vegetation inland is similar to that of Chy, but near thebanks of the two rivers there are forests and crops, because the terrain is extremely fertile.Chajapn is the most impressive city (save Pelepelplu) of all the Chyan empire. The city is built atthe junction of river Acaadky and Denly, near an important swamp land, on the location of anold Chailla holy site. Because of its central position, Chajapn is the ideal choice for a capital,though it is more complex that it seems, as Chajapn and Pelepelpl became during historycapital, and of course alternatively. Chajapn is the greatest city of all the Chyan empire, with150.000 inhabitants. This is a magnifiscent city, with processionnal avenues, colourful walls,numerous palaces, important temples dedicated to the one True God Asruta and several otherstranger deities.

Lotan

Lotan is situated to the west of the mouth of the river Talathrant, to the east of Ulshy, along thesouthern shore of the Bay of Utm. A deciduous forest covers most of its northern reaches, whiledense marshlands occupy the river valley to the east. The rest of the area consists of a cool, richgrassland. Ulgathic-speaking herders dominate the region.

Luindor

Luindor (S. "Blue Land") is an Avar realm bordering on Urd and the Sea of Thilluin. It is a cool andpleasant land - like all realms blessed with the presence of the Firstborn. Widely considered one ofthe most civilized Avarin realms - thanks to the visit of Noldorin and Sindarin wanderers across itshistory - Luindor is the sworn enemy of Urd. Though subject for more than 1000 years in theSecond Age to the rule of the Ice King, the Luindrim retain their strong independent spirit,fighting their enemies without quarter.

Lurmsakun

The easternmost land of the true Haradrim, Lurmsakun is blessed by great wealth and cursed byits place in the world, on the borders of the violent realms of the Variags and Chey. The people ofLurmsakun speak Haruze, a language shared by their brethren living in cities and farming villagesas far west as the Sundering Sea in distant Harondor. The Haruze, as they are fond of remindingtheir neighbors, were a sophisticated trading race even before the "Poganin," primarily theNmenreans and Variags, came to trouble them in the mid-Second Age. Often conquered andravaged, Lurmsakun still boasts cities of immense beauty, surrounded by lush irrigated fields ofgrain, melons, wine-grapes, and dates. Three river basins are the center of Lurmsakun's life andtrade: The Rill-basin of the Ode Pezar, the Arysis of the River Rysis, and Siakan, the vale of theOde Siak. The Ode Pezar runs westward to the Sundering Sea, eventually becoming the RiverHarnen, the contested frontier between Gondor and Umbar. The Rysis and the Siak flow from thesnow-touched peaks of the Ered Harmal southwestward to vanish into the lifeless salt marshes ofthe Kref Masar, one of the more hellish of the wastelands of the Haradwaith. The river valleys ofLurmsakun form a great contrast with the deserts, consisting of lush belts of greenery supportingteeming hordes of peasants and shrewd traders and merchants. Arysis lies south of Sturlurtsa,royal seat of Khand, and sits squarely astride the caravan routs connecting western and centralEndor. Its largest city, Maresh, is the greatest city of the Endorian interior in any era in which theVariags are not draining its wealth into their own lands. Siakan, naming itself the Jewel ofMountain and Sun, controls trade between southern and western Endor. Its lords and kings,however, are oft conquered by the more warlike Variags, Chy, Chey, and Ahar peoples living justbeyond its frontiers.

Lurs Vorganis

Also called Sinkiang; plains between the Talathrant River and the Orocarni Mountains. Coveringmuch of the northeastern part of Endor's East-plain, Lurs Vorganis is the homeland of theVorgani, a Tyran-speaking tribal confederation renowned for their ability to exploit and slaughtervast numbers of large game. Huge herds of grazing beasts live throughout the region.

Lu Tyr Su

Lu Tyr Su stretches across most of the northern part of Endor's East-plain. Covered with shortgrasses, it makes for relatively poor pastureland. Still, scattered tribes of shepherds and big gamehunters call the area home. Nearly all speak Tyran.

Lygar Kraw

Kingdom of Pallando in eastern Middle-earth. Situated about three hundred miles west of theOrocarni, Lygar Kraw is a marshy land. Swamps and ponds dot its lowland reaches, which aresundered by dense hills. Two fen forests (one in the east and the other in the west) frame theterritory. Most of Lygar Kraw's Linerin-speaking people lived in fortified hill towns, where theyengage in a broad array of crafts and subsist on a varied diet; hunting, fishering, gardening, andanimal husbandry are all practiced.The historical kingdom was founded in 2114 TA by the Khitan prince Yeh-l Ta-shih, following thedefeat of his people by the Jurchaen; Pallando settled here in about 2300 and founded thekingdom of Famardi. The heraldic device of Lygar Kraw under Pallando was a spinning wheel oncharcoal grey; his personal guard were the fearsome Black Crows under the ghost Li K'o-Yung. Theborders of Lygar Kraw were marked by ebony obelisks with white letters, with Pallando's powerdemarcated in Sindarin, Quenya, Logathig and Womawas.

Lynerian League

Located to the north of the Zurghr jungle and to the east of the river Niss valley, the land

remained for a long time unpopulated, except by some Pdi Elf tribes, until the arrival of a smallband of refugees, the Lynr, distant relatives of the three tribes of Edain in the West. The Lynrestablished themselves as one of the major powers in the Bay, as they conquered Balkulni, theAikyen islands, and even negotiated a special alliance with the Dwarves of Khelek-zram inLynahar. The Lynerian League is bordered on the north by the Pontym mountains, and to thesouth and the east by river Alujed. The Lynr are gifted mariners, sending embassies to the west asfar as Srayn, and to the east as far as Sunum.The largest part of the land is composed of a central plateau, with plains, coniferous and tropicalrainforests. Near the coasts the plains consist of gently undulating lowlands, with an elevation ofabout 200 meters above sea level. The coasts alternate between rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, andestuaries. From north to south, several important rivers flow from east to west, the most importantof which is the River Alujed, along which is built a line of seven fortresses dedicated to theprotection of the Lynerian territory against the hostile Zurghr sects.The most important cities are built along the coasts, such as Caryalon, Emelcyn and Aerlond. Inthe north, Lynahar has a special status inside the Lynerian League as the province is jointly ruledby Lynr and Dwarves. The Pontym mountains have valuable mineral resources (such as copperand gems) that are usually sold in Ephydis, the most important trading center in the EasternOrmal Bay, where traders from the Chyan Empire, Codya and the Lynerian League can be seen.Caerdhyan is the key to the protection of all Lynahar, as it is located near the only safe passbetween Lynahar and Dhath - the White Goat Pass. Caerdyan protects the realm against theassaults of the Dilikhran tribes, and Harbz plays the same role in the south against the Zurghrsects.It is believed that the Ormal lamp fell near the Aykien islands, which are a melange of hills, highcliffs, coniferous forests and sandy beaches. These islands were settled in mid Second Age by theLynr. There are two different maritime routes to get to the islands; one to the north (through theports of Nirshat and Gimil), and one to the south (to Sakal an-Khr). The archipelagos locatedsouth of Nyzd are highly dangerous, because of the very strong currents.The Lynerian League has a temperate climate, despite a location on an equatorial latitude. This isexplained by the northern eastern barrier composed by the Iriagi and the Durvd Mountains andby the cooler water on the Lynr coast caused by an abyssal current. The main roads are wellmaintained and paved.

Maaken

Maaken is a forested hilly land located to the south of the Akenshn mountain chain. Because ofthe perpetual mist that is the forest's main source of moisture, and because of its rather dangerousbeasts and insects, the land is only inhabited by the Yarulma, a Drg-related folk of wild huntersand gatherers. They know several safe passes through the Akenshn to Waarwugan. The AkenshnMountains are home to a race of fierce orcs. Another reason to avoid this land is that Maaken ishome to a fire drake, Nyxor, who uses orcs and human beings as his pets when he has the desire todo so, and simply eats them when he is hungry.

Mag

Mag is a warm, humid, and hilly coastal region situated in southwesternmost Endor. It lies southof the western part of the Yellow Mountains, northeast of Pel and southwest of Tumag. Most of itsApysaic-speaking inhabitants live near the Haragaer.

Mitheryn

Mitheryn (S. "Grey Trees") is a vast taiga woodland, stretched between the Iron Mountains and theForbesir river. It is inhabited by scattered Avari herders and hunters, who fled Urd when theShadow of the Ice King rose in the Second Age. Suspicious and wary of any intrusion in theirprotected realm, the Mithrydhil are ruled by King Hisethar and Queen Elwathil, who considerthemselves vassals to the King of Luindor.

Mak

Mak is the easternmost region on the Endorean mainland, and constitutes the eastern "Core-land" of Womawas Drus. It is often independent from the rest of the Empire, with it