gcse exam technique

7/30/2019 GCSE Exam Technique

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Hardenhuish School History Department

GCSE History

The Exam Top Tips

GCSE HistoryThe ExamTop Tips


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What to do before getting to the exam

REVISE:Sorry, but its true if you fail torevise, you will fail

Get a revision timetable sorted Read Make notes

Look, cover, write, check Draw spidergrams and Mind Maps Practice past papers and get some marked! Practice makes perfect! Talk to yourself you dont have to sit in silence to revise Give yourself treats and regular breaks. 20-40 minutes is enough for one

session, then you should have a drink or an apple or a cake or some lard whatever Record yourself and listen back Test each other, get your parents, friends to test you, test yourself Use the internet simply type in GCSE Medicine revision into google



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What should I do in the exam hall?

Stay calm take deep breaths DONT TALK! Make sure you have all your equipment For goodness sake dont take your mobile in!!!!!!! Read the questions and the sources and read all the information

that comes with it. Think about how it can help you with yoursources answers PLAN! Failing to plan = planning to fail! How long can you afford to

spend on each question? Can you do a little plan to your answer? If you are running out of time try to note down everything else you

were going to say it can get you marks

USE THE SOURCES!!!!!!!!!! Proof read your answer if you have time. You can add stuff by using

a little star, but make sure its perfectly clear to the examinerwhere you have added anything extra

Make notes on the paper if you want to!



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What will the papers be like?Paper 1:

Paper 1 (DEVELOPMENT STUDY WITH THE AMERICAN WEST,1840-95)

It will look like this: Go to: subject resources/history/DAC Year 11History/Revision/Paper 1

This Paper is two hours long It will ask you questions on both the American West AND Medicine through

time You MUST then answer one compulsory question first on the Medicine

Through Time section, then you have a choice of others, of which you only

need to answer one. You MUST answer one compulsory question first on the American West,then you have a choice of others, of which you only need to answer one.

You WILL have some sources to look at to help you with the compulsoryquestions. USE THEM!



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What will the papers be like?

Paper 1:Examples of questions:

Top Tips for Paper 1: Use the marks available [4] to guide you on how long to

spend on a question Use the SOURCE and YOUR OWN KNOWLEDGE for thecompulsory questions!!!!

Be specific use examples to back up your argument. Describe events if you need to, but EXPLAINING your

answer is more important. ALWAYS answer the actual question! Try to develop, explain and link any points you make



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Paper 2: Medicine Through Time sources paper

This is worth the most marks! You MUST,MUST, MUST use the

SOURCES wherever possible ANDyour own knowledge when asked to

Paper 2 looks like this:Go to: Subject resources/history/DAC

Year 11 History/Revision/Paper 2



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Top Tips for Paper 2: Use the Sources! Cross reference sources (especially on the bigger questions) if

possible to show how they support/oppose each other Use your own knowledge as well especially when you are asked to! Quote from the sources and say which source it is (e.g. it says in

source F Florence was a) Think about reliability of the sources BUTdont confuse that with

usefulness JUST BECAUSE A SOURCE ISNT RELIABLE, ITDOESNT MEAN ITS NOT USEFUL!

Show what you can Infer from the sources This means what youcan work out from the source or what the source is suggesting Examine areas or agreement/disagreement BEFORE writing your

answer



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OK

Lets get practicing.



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Questions that ask you to DESCRIBE(These are Paper 1 style questions)

Tip - These are easy questions if you have revised thoroughly.

They simply ask you to recall information you have learned.

Tip Look for key words in the question to clarify what the examinerwants. Underline them to remind you to stick to the point.

Tip Take a minute to recall the information needed.

Tip These questions are only worth 4-6 marks so give theinformation clearly without using too much time



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For example:

Describe the problems facing surgeons in the early 19th century. (6

marks)

Read this answer. What would you give it out of 6?

Remember ALWAYS think about what the examiner is actually asking

the question for. What do they want to know?

Surgeons carried out operations using dirty

instruments or wearing dirty clothes. The rooms

were not cleaned and germs were everywhere.Operations were done fast as patients were in pain

and were losing blood.



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How many marks did you award? It is onlyworth 2/6 marks. Why?


Surgeons carried out operations using dirty instruments or wearing dirty

clothes. The rooms were not cleaned and germs were everywhere.

Operations were done fast as patients were in pain and were losing blood.

This is only worth 2/6 marks because:

-There is no priority (the candidate hasnt said what the most important

problems were)

-They have not identified the three main problems ofPain, Infection andBleeding

-The question is not really answeredthis doesnt really describe the

problems, it merely mentions them.


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Compare the last answer to this one:


The main problem surgeons faced was their patients

died and they did not understand why. There were

no anaesthetics, so patients suffered great pain.

Surgeons tried to reduce this by working very fastamputations were done in less than 3 minutes. They

wore dirty coats, did not wash hands and used dirty

instruments because they did not know that germs

were responsible for infection. Finally they could notstop patients dying from blood loss but they worked

fast to tie up the ends of blood vessels.


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Why is it better?


The main problem surgeons faced was their patients died and they

did not understand why. There were no anaesthetics, so patients

suffered great pain. Surgeons tried to reduce this by working very

fast amputations were done in less than 3 minutes. They wore

dirty coats, did not wash hands and used dirty instruments because

they did not know that germs were responsible for infection. Finallythey could not stop patients dying from blood loss but they worked

fast to tie up the ends of blood vessels.

It shows prioritisation

It mentions the problems of pain, infection and bleeding It clearly describes problems rather than listing them

This is still not the perfect answer, but it is much, much better!


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Your turnHave a go at any of these and then ask a friend tomark you


Describe the ways in which Egyptian and Greek medicine were similar. (6 marks)

Describe an example of war helping a development in medicine. (4 marks)

Describe briefly the work of Florence Nightingale. (5 marks)

What provisions for public health were made by civilisations before the time of

the Roman Empire. (5 marks)


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Questions that ask you toANALYSE PROGRESS

For example:Why did William Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood do so

little to improve medical treatment in the 17th century. (6 marks)

Remember, as before, think about why the examiner asked the question. What

do they want you to show? Now think for 30 seconds what is this answer going to have to include?


Did you get something like this?

-Show knowledge of Harveys discovery

- Know why his discovery was not that useful at the time ie: no knowledge

of blood groups or germ theory etc

-Example of an advance in one area which didnt lead to immediately in an

advance in other areas


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Questions that ask you to

ANALYSE PROGRESS

William Harvey discovered that blood circulates around the

body. He found this out by doing experiments and calculations.

He found that there are valves in the veins to ensure that blood

can only go in one direction. Before this discovery they thoughtthat blood was made in the liver and burnt up by the body.

Harvey calculated how much blood passed through the heart

every hour and realised it must be circulating.

Level 1 (1-2 marks)

Why did William Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood do so little to improvemedical treatment in the 17th century. (6 marks)

Look at these three answers which follow. Can you work out how and why

they got their marks?


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ANALYSE PROGRESS

William Harvey discovered that blood circulates round the

body. He also discovered the secondary circulation through

the lungs. Before this, they believed that blood was made

and burned up all the time or that there was a way through the

septum. The discovery had very little effect because they

believed in the 4 humours and his ideas would not fit into

their understanding.

Level 2 (3-4 marks)

Why did William Harveys discovery of the circulation of the

blood do so little to improve medical treatment in the 17th

century. (6 marks)

William Harvey discovered that blood circulates round the

body. He also discovered the secondary circulation through

the lungs. Before this, they believed that blood was made

and burned up all the time or that there was a way through the

septum. The discovery had very little effect because they

believed in the 4 humours and his ideas would not fit into

their understanding.


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ANALYSE PROGRESS

William Harveys discovery made a huge difference to

understanding of anatomy. Many treatments today rely on an

understanding of the circulation of the blood. However 17th

century people could not make use of his discoveries. They did

not know about blood groups so transfusions were not possible.They did not know about germs so could not know that disease

was circulated in the blood they continued with treatment

based on the 4 humours. His discovery is an example of an

advance in one area of medicineanatomythat did not lead to

an advance in other areas.

Why did William Harveys discovery of the circulation of the

blood do so little to improve medical treatment in the 17th

century. (6 marks)



























an advance in other areas. Level 3 (5-6 marks)


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ANALYSE PROGRESS

Hippocrates suggested bleeding as a treatment and this wasstill being used in the 18th century. Does this mean that therehad been no progress in understanding the causes and cures of

disease during this time? Explain your answer. (6 marks)

Both the Great Plague of 1665 and the cholera of 1831 killed

large numbers of people in England. Why was there so little

progress in public health between 1665 and 1831?

Have a go at these similar questions.

Remember to think about what the

examiner wants to see!


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Questions that ask you toANALYSE TURNING POINTS

Tip - These questions ask you to assess theimportance of a particular event. So you needto know what happened before and whatchanges were possible afterwards.

Tip These events were important but they wereoften not the only events of significance. Ask

yourself if there were other important that weremore/equally/ almost as important.

Tip These questions are often worth a lot of marks

so make a plan before you start to write.


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For example: Was the development of anaesthetics a

turning point in the history of surgery? (12 marks)

As you read the question, think about what surgery was like

before and after this event. What other events could claim to

be important in the development of surgery?

What information do you need?

19th century surgery especially anaesthetics

Important events in the history of surgery from other

periods.


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What is the examiner looking for?

Level 1: Describes discovery of anaesthetics. (1-3 marks)

Level 2: Agrees with the statement describing surgery before

anaesthetics. (4-6 marks)

Level 3: Agrees with the statement but also includes somedescription of what was possible after anaesthetics. (7-9

marks)

Level 4: Balanced judgement taking other events (antiseptics

etc) into account also. (10-12 marks)

Was the development of anaesthetics a turning point in

the history of surgery? (12 marks)


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Do you agree that the most important turning point intreating illness between 1000BC and the end of theMiddle Ages took place in the time of the Ancient

Greeks? Explain your answer.. (12 marks)Did the improvements to public health in the second half of the

nineteenth century mean that there was little more to be done to

improve public health in the twentieth century? (12 marks)

This time its your turn.

Choose one of the questions below and answer it.

You have about ten minutes!

Use paper if you like, or open a word file

Then ask somebody to mark it or mark it yourself now that you know what

the examiner is after


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Questions that ask you toEXPLAIN

Tip - The best answers give more than one

reason.

TipDont just give a list. Try to link the reasons

together.


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Explain why medieval monasteries were able to remainhealthy places while large towns and cities like Londonwere unhealthy? (10 marks)

Make a list of reasons why monasteries remained healthy

places in the Middle Ages.

Now make a list of reasons why towns and cities remained

unhealthy.


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List of reasons why monasteries remained healthy places in

the Middle Ages.

They held collections of books written by ancient Greeks

and Romans.

They believed it was important to remain clean for

religious reasons.

They lived in large buildings away from everyone else.


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List of reasons why towns and cities remained unhealthy.

They knew nothing about the ideas of Greeks or Romans.

Some of the things they did were bound to cause disease.

They did not have a religious reason to encourage them to

live clean lives.

They lived in crowded conditions so infections spread

rapidly.


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How can we plan an answer around these two lists?

Plan 1take each of these 3 points and contrast the way

of life inside and outside the monastery.

Plan 2 write one large paragraph about the monastery

life and another about town life.

Choose one of the 2 plans. Research the detail to go with your

plan. Then write up the answer.


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Did religion help or hinder medicine in the Middle

Ages? (10 marks)

War has sometimes led to advances in surgery. Choose oneadvance in surgery and show how war helped to bring it about.

(10 marks)

Why was there conflict between the Plains Indians and thewhites? (10 marks)

Have a go at one of the following:


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

Tip - Look for the number of marks on offer. If there

are only a couple of marks, make a couple of

quick points and move on.

Tip If there are several marks, the examiner is

expecting you to go beyond what you can see or

read. You are expected to infer information from

the sources.


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

In what ways do sources A and B show agreement in

their ideas about the causes of illness? (2 marks)

Source B: The treatment of King

Charles II in 1685.

Two of the Kings doctors opened a vein in

his right arm and drew off about 16 ounces of

blood. The next day, the doctors considered itnecessary to open both jugular veins and drew

off about 10 ounces of blood.

Source A:

Medieval doctorbleeding a patient.


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UNDERSTAND SOURCESIn what ways do sources A and B show agreement in

their ideas about the causes of illness? (2 marks)

How many marks?

2 so make a couple of quick points and move on.

Doctors in both periods treated patients by bleeding.

This was because they both believed in Hippocrates

Theory of the Four Humours.


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

What can you learn from this source

about Stone Age medicine? (5 marks)

How many marks?

5 so what can you infer from the source

about Stone Age medicine?

Evidence of surgery?

Reasonrelease of evil spirits?

Importance of the brain?

A prehistoric skull.


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

What can you learn about the life and

work of cowboys from this source? (5

marks)How many marks?

5 so what can you infer from the source

about the life and work of cowboys?

Some were black. Why?

Hard-wearing clothes. Why?

Armed. Why?

Nat Love, a black

American cowboy


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

In what ways do these sources contain different ideas

about the causes of the Black Death? (5 marks)

Source B: Flagellants whipping

each other.

Avoid baths which open the pores of

the skin because pores are doorways

through which poisonous air canenter the body. If the plague occurs

in hot weather, you must eat cold

things.

Source A: Book written at the timeof the Black Death, explaining how

to avoid catching it.


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UNDERSTAND SOURCESIn what ways do these sources contain different ideas


How many marks?

5 so what can you infer from the sources about ideas on the

cause of the Black Death?

Source A: avoid hot baths. Why? Eat cold foods in hotweather. Why?

Source B: whip each other. Why?

Difference in approach?

Source A: avoid hot baths. Why? Eat cold foods in hotweather. Why?

Source B: whip each other. Why?

Difference in approach?


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UNDERSTAND SOURCES

In what ways do these sources contain different ideas


What is the examiner looking for?

Level 1: Describes what the sources say or show. (1

mark)

Level 2: Compares the 2 sources but only on the basisof what they show. (2-3 marks)

Level 3: Compares the 2 sources in terms of what

they reveal about ideas of the causes of the Black

Death. (4-5 marks)


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Questions that ask you toUNDERSTAND SOURCES IN CONTEXT

Tip - Always start with what you can see in the source.

Tip Then think about the context. What can you

remember about the topic.

Tip A good answer combines the information from thesource and the context drawn from your

knowledge.


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Use this source and your own knowledge to describe how people

reacted to Jenners discovery of a vaccine for smallpox. (8

marks)

The CowpockorThe

Wonderful Effects of the New

Inoculation.

( a cartoon published by The

Anti-Vac cine Society in

1802)


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Firstwhat does the source tell us?


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Secondwhat is the context (your own knowledge of the event)?

Smallpox was a killer disease.

Jenner discovered a new method of preventing smallpox.

People did not trust the new method. Why?

Eventually the government made vaccination compulsory.


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Use this source and your own knowledge to explain how medicalscience and governments worked together to overcomediphtheria.

(8 marks)

A graph showing deaths from

diphtheria, a highly

infectious disease usually

attacking children.

Causal Organism Identified

Anti-toxin First Used in Treatment

National Immunisation Campaign Begun


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Firstwhat does the source

tell us?

Causal Organism Identified

Anti-toxin First Used in Treatment

National Immunisation

Campaign Begun

It is a declining graph BUT

It rises at the start.

It falls steeply from c1890. It levels off 19141918.

It falls again but rises c1940.

It falls steeply again.


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Secondwhat is the context (your own knowledge of the event)?

Diphtheria was one of many killer diseases.

1860 - 1890 Pasteur and Koch showed how germs and disease

were connected. Disease-causing germs identified.

1890s Koch discovered many vaccines. Deaths dropped.

1900s Government played greater part in public health. Death rate

fell but vaccinations neglected during war.

1947 National Health Service created and National immunisation

programmes started. Deaths fell sharply again.


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Level 1: Describes information in the graph (1-2 marks)

Level 2: Uses source only or knowledge only to explain

graph. (3-4 marks)

Level 3: Uses source and knowledge to give simpleexplanation. (5-6 marks)

Level 4: Uses source and knowledge in full explanation.

(7-8 marks)

Use this source and your own knowledge to explain how medicalscience and governments worked together to overcome diphtheria.

(8 marks)


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Questions that ask you toTEST THE RELIABILITY OF SOURCES

Tip - Always start with the NATURE of the source.Some types of source (eg diaries) are often morereliable than others (eg an advertisement). Thenlook at the ORIGIN of the source. Who wrote itand when? Finally decide the PURPOSE of thesource. Why was it produced? Who was theintended audience?

Tip - Remember that there is no such thing as acompletely reliable source or a completelyunreliable source. The examiner is asking you toshow that you can be aware of the pitfalls of usingsource material.


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SOURCE A

You gentlemen of England can have little idea from reading the

newspapers of the horror and misery in a military hospital of

operating on those exhausted, dying men. A London hospital isa garden of flowers compared to it. Let no lady come here who

is not used to exhaustion and shortages. Even the nuns working

here complain about the conditions. The poor fellows who are

brought here have not had a clean shirt or been washed for

months but we have not a basin, nor a towel, nor a bit of soap

nor a broom.

From a letter written by Nightingale to a London surgeon in

1854, describing conditions at the hospital in Scutari.


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Do these two sources provide reliable evidence of how FlorenceNightingale improved conditions at the hospital at Scutari?

Explain your answer. (8 marks)

SOURCE B

A late 19th century

painting of the wardat the hospital at

Scutari showing the

improvements made

by Nightingale andher nurses.


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Level 1: Comments on sources, taking them at face value

OR says they are reliable because they are from

the time. (1-3 marks)

Level 2: Uses own knowledge to evaluate the source. (4-6marks)

Level 3: Evaluates sources using nature, origin, purpose

and own knowledge. (7-8 marks)

Do these two sources provide reliable evidence of how FlorenceNightingale improved conditions at the hospital at Scutari? Explainyour answer. (8 marks)

Q


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Is this source reliable evidence of why homesteaders were able

to make a success of their farms despite all the problems?. (8

marks)

A drawing made in

the 1860s showinghomesteaders

gathering pumpkins

and maize.

Q i h k


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Questions that ask you toTEST THE USEFULNESS OF SOURCES

Tip - All sources are useful but exam questions askyou whether a source is useful for a particular

purpose. So your first task is to ask yourself whatit tells you about that purpose.

Tip - Secondly ask yourself how reliable the source is.Do a NOP test on the source.

Tip - You need to look at reliability in the context of thepurpose. Just because a source is unreliable,dont dismiss it. A speech by Hitler may be verybiased but if you are asked if it tells you aboutHitlers views, it might be very useful.

Q ti th t k t


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Now read the 2 sources. For each, jot down notes about:

What does it tell you about advances in surgery in wartime?

Is it reliable?

Remember you are not being asked about usefulness ingeneral. You are asked about usefulness for a particular

purpose. What purpose?

Question:

Which of sources A and B is more useful for finding out

about advances in surgery in wartime? Explain your choice.

Q ti th t k t


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SOURCE A

Edmonds was placed in the bed next to mine. He had been

trapped in the aircraft when it turned over and burst into flames.

He fried for several minutes before they dragged him out.When he was first brought to Archie McIndoe he was

unrecognisable. Never once did Edwards complain although it

would take years to build him a new face. Three days after the

operation to replace his eyelids, I noticed a dribble from under

the dressings of this eyes. It was the blood-poisoning

streptococcus germ at work again.

The Last Enemy by Richard Hilary, a 2nd World War fighter

pilot who was also treated by McIndoe. Published 1950.

Q ti th t k t


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SOURCE B

The new weapons of the 1st World War caused horrific facial

injuries. To deal with these, Harold Delf Gillies set up a jaw

and plastic surgery unit in Aldershot. Shortly after the 2nd

WorldWar began, Archie McIndoe, consultant in plastic surgery in the

RAF, founded a unit at the hospital in East Grinstead. The

Battle of Britain in 1940 brought McIndoe some 4,000 young

men with new injuries terrible burns to the face and hands

from the high octane fuel that had caught fire. It often took

several operations to rebuild a face.

A History of Medicine by Nancy Dunn, a historian, and Jenny

Dunn, a doctor. Published 1992.

Q ti th t k t


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Level 1: Describes what is in the sources. No comparisons.

(1-3 marks)

Level 2: Comments on reliability of sources. Bottom of level

if source rejected. (4-6 marks)Level 3: Uses comments on reliability of the sources to make

comparisons of usefulness. (7-9 marks)

Which of sources A and B is more useful for finding outabout advances in surgery in wartime? Explain your choice.

Q ti th t k t


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Now mark these 3 answers.

Which of sources A and B is more useful for finding outabout advances in surgery in wartime? Explain your choice.

Q ti th t k t


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Source A tells us how people were treated for burns by McIndoe. He carried out operations

to rebuild peoples faces after their planes caught fire after crashing. We learn that not all his

operations were successful. Source B tells us who did plastic surgery in both wars. We learn

that there were 4,000 pilots who suffered burns in the Battle of Britain and it took severaloperations to rebuild a damaged face.

Level 1: Describes what is in the sources. No comparisons. (1-3 marks)

Level 2: Comments on reliability of sources. Bottom of level if source rejected. (4-6

marks)

Level 3: Uses comments on reliability of the sources to make comparisons of usefulness.

(7-9 marks)

Q ti th t k t


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Both sources have their uses but both present problems. Source A is not very useful because

it only describes one patient. Hilary was one ofMcIndoes patients so may be biased in his

favour. Source B is a secondary source but the authors will have researched the topic. One is

a historian and one a doctor so between them they are likely to get things right. Source Btells us that plastic surgery began in the 1st World War and gives reasons and figures for the

2nd World War. It is therefore more useful than source A for finding out about advances in

surgery in wartime.



marks)


(7-9 marks)

Q ti th t k t


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Neither of these sources is really much use in telling us about advances in surgery in wartime.

Source A was written 10 years after the events and the author could have remembered them

wrongly. It only tells us about one operation. He was bound to feel grateful to a man who

treated him. Source B was written 50 years later by people who were not there at the time.In finding out about surgery in wartime, they could have made all sorts of mistakes.



marks)


(7-9 marks)

Q ti th t k t


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Question:

How useful is this source to an historian studying 19th

century attitudes to anaesthetics? Explain your answer.

Now read the source and think about:

What does it tell you about attitudes to anaesthetics?

Is it reliable?

Are you clear about the purpose?

Q ti th t k t


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SOURCE A

In years to come, those who follow us will look back with

sadness on those doctors today who believe in the need for pain

in surgical operations. They will marvel at the idea of kind menbelieving that the terrible agonies they inflict should be endured

and not avoided. It will seem impossible that they would prefer

to operate on patients while still awake instead of under

anaesthetic. All pain is destructive and even fatal.

Extract from a report by Dr James Simpson, December 1847.

Q ti th t k t


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Have a go at writing an answer. 10 minutes allowed.



(7 marks).

Exchange papers and use the mark scheme to mark your

partners answer.

Q estions that ask o to


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Level 1: Takes source at face value for its content. (1-2

marks)

Level 2: Comments on reliability, bias etc. (3-4 marks)

Level 3: Uses comments on reliability to make statements

about usefulness. (5-7 marks)



Q ti th t k t


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Questions that ask you toTEST AN INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY

Tip - You will usually be given a statement about someaspect of the history you have studied. This will

be in the form of an interpretation of history. It isusually only partly correct so dont be tempted toagree or disagree. Give a balanced view.

Tip - Write your answer as 2 large paragraphs oneshowing how you agree with the statement andone showing how you would disagree.

Tip - The examiner will sometimes ask you to drawupon the source(s) and/or your own knowledge toback up your opinion. Make sure you follow the

instructions..



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TEST AN INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY

Question:

Anaesthetics made complex operations safe and successful.

Use your knowledge to comment on the accuracy of thisstatement.

Make a list of points you would make to disagree with thisinterpretation.

Make a list of points you would make to agree with thisinterpretation.



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Question:

Hippocrates made the greatest advances in medicinein the ancient world. Do you agree with thisinterpretation? Explain your answer using the sourcesand your own knowledge.





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Question:

Religion has done more to help the development ofmedicine than hinderit. Do you agree or disagree withthis statement? Support your answer with reasons andexamples.





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Question:

War has always resulted in progress being made inmedicine. Do you agree or disagree with thisstatement? Support your answer with reasons andexamples.





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Question:

Throughout history, medical care has alwaysprogressed. Do you agree or disagree with thisstatement? Support your answer with reasons andexamples.





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Question:

Railroads were more important than the actions ofgovernments in making it possible for people to move to

and live on the plains. Do you agree. Use yourknowledge of the period to help you explain youranswer.





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SUMMARY OF QUESTION PATTERNS

Question type 1: Describe:

Describe [.].

How did [..].

.

Answer:

Tell the story clearly and simply but check frequently that

you are answering the question.



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Question type 2: Analysis of progress:

Why did [] do little to improve the treatment ofillness?

Why was there so little progress [..]?

[Two events described]. Does this mean there was littleprogress between the two?

.Answer:Several paragraphs each giving a reason for the progress orlack of it.



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Question type 3: Analysis of turning points:

Why was [.] an important turning point in the history ofmedicine?

Why was [] such an important event in the history ofmedicine?

.Answer:

Three paragraphs

What was the situation before the event?

What were the changes?

What was different afterwards?



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Question type 4: Explain:

Explain why [.].

Answer:

One paragraph for each reason (find several). Plan theanswer so reasons are grouped together in a logical order.



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Question type 5 Comprehension of sources:

What do the sources tell us about [.].

Answer:

One paragraph:

Say what the source tells you about the given topic.

Make sure you try to infer things from the source.



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Question type 6 Comprehension of sources in context:

Use [name of source] and your own knowledge toexplain [..].

Answer:

Three large paragraphs:

Extract information from the source.

Add your own knowledge.

Put the 2 together to show how they explain whatever youwere asked to explain.



77/80



Question type 7 Reliability of sources:

How reliable is [name of source} for [purpose].

Answer:

Four large paragraphs:

Nature of the source.(advantages/drawbacks of diary,book etc.

Origin of the source (author, date etc). Primary orsecondary material.

Purpose of the source (intended audience, intentions ofauthor)

Conclusion.



78/80



Question type 8 Usefulness of sources:

How useful is [name of source} for [purpose].

Answer:


What does it tell us about the purpose.Is it reliable?

Conclusion.



79/80



Question type 9 Interpretations:

[Statement]. Do you agree. Use your knowledge of the

period to help you explain your answer.

Answer:


Agreement with the statement.Disagreement with the statement.

Conclusion.

GCSE History The Exam Top Tips


80/80

GCSE History The Exam Top Tips

gcse exam technique

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