Normal ChildYudianita Kesuma

Body WeightBirth weight for full term baby : 2.500 4.000 gLow birth weight : < 2.500 gLose weight in the first week < 10 % BWBW regained in the second weekFirst 6 mo : gain of 150-250 g/wk 6 mo : 2 x birth weight6-9 mo : 90-150 g/wk9-12 mo : 60-90 g/wk 12 mo : 3 x birth weightSecond year : 40 g/wk

Johnson CP and Blasco PA. Infant Growth and Development. Pediatrics in Review Vol. 18 No. 7 July 1997TABLE 1. Average Physical Growth Parameters

AgeOccipitofrontal CircumferenceHeightWeightDentitionBirth35.0 cm50.8 cm3.0 to 3.5 kgDoubles birthweight by 5 moCentral incisors6 moLateral incisors8 mo1 year47.0 cm76.2 cm10.0 kgTriples birthweightFirst molars14 moCanines19 mo2 year49.0 cm88.9 cm12.0 to 12.5 kgQuadruples birthweightSecond molars24 mo

Behrman RE, Vaughan VC III, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 13th ed, Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company;1987:11 TABLE 2. Formulas for Approximate Mean Weight and Height of Normal Infants and Children

WEIGHTKILOGRAMSAt birth3.25 3 ti 12 monthsAge (mo) + 9 21 to 6 yearsAge (yr) x 2 + 87 to 12 yearsAge (yr) x 7 5 2HEIGHTCENTIMETERSAt birth50At 1 year752 to 12 yearsAge (yr) x 6 + 77

Catch-up growthWhen a child has had an illness or period of starvation and is then restored to health, he shows catch-up growth his growth rate is far more rapid than normal untill he has caught up to the point which he would have reached but for his illness.If the cause of the delayed growth lasts for a long time, he may never catch up.The longer the illness lasts, the greater is the eventual retardation, and the more the weight is below its own growth curve

Body length / height

AgeBody height / lengthNewborn1 yr4 yr5 yr13 yr+ 50 cm1,5 x birth length2 x birth length2 x birth length + 5 cm3 x birth length

Head circumferenceNewborn : 33 35 cm1 yr : 45 47 cm2 yr : 48 50 cm5 yr : 51 53 cmIn first year head circ increases + 1 cm/mo From 2-7 yr increases + cm / yrFrom 7-10 yr increases + 1/3 cm / yr

Dentition of Primary teeth

Primary Age at eruption Age at sheding teeth Max Mand Max Mand

Central incissors 6-8 mo 5-7 mo 7-8 yr 6-7 yrLateral incisors 8-11 mo 7-10 mo 8-9 yr 7-8 yrCanines 16-20 mo 16-20 mo 11-12 yr 9-11 yr1 st molars 10-16 mo 10-16 mo 10-11 yr 10-12 yr2 nd molars 20-30 mo 20-30 mo 10-12 yr 11-13 yr

Dentition of Secondary teethSecondary Age at eruptionteeth Max MandCentral incissors 7-8 yr6-7 yr Lateral incisors 8-9 yr 7-8 yrCanines 11-12 yr9-11 yr1 st premolar 10-11 yr10-12 yr2 nd premolar 10-12 yr11-13 yr1 st molars6-7 yr6-7 yr2 nd molars12-13 yr12-13 yr3 rd molars17-22 yr17-22 yr

Areas of development

Gross motoric Fine motor and visionSpeech, language and hearingSocial, emotional and behaviour

Gross motor developmentInvolves the use of muscles to gain independent control of the body movementsDependent on adequate growth and physical development within the bodyMotor dev. are not possible unless the body systems such as the brain, nervous tissue and muscles are increased in size and function

Gross motor development (mo)Head steady in sitting2,0Pull to sit, no head lag3,0Hands together in midline3,0Asymetric tonic neck reflex gone4,0Sits without support 6,0Rolls back to stomach6,5Crawling10Walks alone12,0Crawl up stair15

Gross motor development (mo)Runs stiffy, walks up stairs with one18hand heldRuns well, walks up and down stairs24one step at a time, open doors, jumpsGoes up stairs alternating feet30Rides tricycle36Hops on one foot, throws ball48Skips60

Fine motor developmentThe infant needs to acquire visual attention and a pincer grip to develop the dexterity required to perform complex tasks such as feeding, dressing, writing, and playing computer games

Fine motor developent (mo)Grasps ratle3,5Reaches for objects4,0Palmar grasp gone4,0Transfer object hand to hand5,5Thumb-finger grasp8,0Turns pages of books12,0Scribbles13,0Build tower of 2 cubes15,0Build tower of 4 cubes18,0

Fine motor developent (mo)Tower of 7 cubes24Makes vertical and horizontal strokes,30Imitates circular strokesImitates a cross36Draws a man with 2-4 parts,48Imitates squareDraws triangle60

Speech & language developmentSpeech is not as same as languageLanguage is a boarder form of communication encompassing aspects non verbal : writing, sign language, facial expression, gestures verbal : speakingSpeech is the part of language where sounds are used to convey meaning

Speech development (mo)Cooing and gurgling in response to - 1-2some one speakingGurgling and babling and holding - 3 conversationMonosyllabic babble, ge, de, ke 6Inhibits to noFollows one step command with gesture 7Follows one step command without-10gesture

Speech development (mo)Speaks 1st real word12 Speaks 4 - 6 words15Identifies one or more parts of body18Puts 3 words together24Knows full name30Knows age and sex, count 3 objects36Tells a story, counts 4 pennies 48Names 4 colors, Counts 10 pennies 60

Social developmentInvolves the process of learning the sklills and attitudes which enable individuals ti live easily with other members of the community

Social development (mo)Watches its mothers face when being 0,5fed and talk to Begins to smile 1Smiles on social contact, 3listen to music, says aah, ngahLaughs out loud, shows displeasure 4if social contact is broken, excited at sight of food

Social development (mo)

Prefers mother, enjoy mirror 6Responds to sound of name, 10plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake, waves bye-byePlays simple bell game, 12Indicates some desires or needs 16by pointingFeeds self 18

Social development (mo)Handles spoon well 24Pretends in play, 30helps put things awayPlays simple games (paralel), 36washes hands, helps in dressingPlays with several children, 48 goes to toilet aloneDresses and undresses, 60Domestic role-playing

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