gears. a gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with...

22
Gears

Upload: jacob-rymer

Post on 31-Mar-2015

218 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Gears

Page 2: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear of identical shape, and often also with that shape on the other gear.

Page 3: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

The gears in a transmission are similar to the wheels in a pulley. 

An advantage of gears is that the teeth of a gear prevent slipping.

Page 4: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Two meshing gears transmitting rotational motion. Note that the smaller gear is rotating faster. Although the larger gear is rotating less quickly, its torque is proportionally greater. One subtlety of this particular arrangement is that the linear speed at the pitch diameter is the same on both gears.

Page 5: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Types of Gears

Spur gears :are used to transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts.

Page 6: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation  and are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another, parallel, shaft. Of all types, the spur gear is the simplest and, for this reason, will be used to develop the primary kinematic relationships of the tooth form.

Page 7: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Nomenclature:The terminology of spur-gear teeth is illustrated in Fig. The pitch circle is a theoretical circle upon which all calculations are usually based; its diameter is the pitchdiameter. The pitch circles of a pair of mating gears are tangent to each other. A pinion is the smaller of two mating gears. The larger is often called the gear.

Page 8: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most
Page 9: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

The circular pitch p is the distance, measured on the pitch circle, from a point on one tooth to a corresponding point on an adjacent tooth.

The module m is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth.

The diametral pitch P is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitchdiameter.

Page 10: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

The addendum a is the radial distance between the top land and the pitch circle.

The dedendum b is the radial distance from the bottom land to the pitch circle.

Page 11: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

P = 

m

P = πm   pP = π

Page 12: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Where ; P = diametral pitch, teeth per inch.N = number of teeth.d = pitch diameter, inm = module, mmd = pitch diameter, mmp = circular pitch

Page 13: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Helical gears :are used to transmit motion between parallel or nonparallel shafts.

Page 14: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

have teeth inclined to the axis of rotation. Helical gears can be used for the same applications as spur gears and, when so used, are not as noisy, because of the more gradual engagement of the teeth during meshing. The inclined tooth also develops thrust loads and bending couples, which are not present with spur gearing. Sometimes helical gears are used to transmit motion between nonparallel shafts.

Page 15: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Bevel gears:

are used to transmit rotary motion between intersecting shafts.

Page 16: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Bevel & Spiral bevels Vs. Hypoid

Page 17: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

have teeth formed on conical surfaces and are used mostly for transmitting motion between intersecting shafts. The figure actually illustrates straight-tooth bevel gears. Spiral bevel gears are cut so the tooth is no longer straight, but forms a circular arc. Hypoid gears are quite similar to spiral bevel gears except that the shafts are offset and nonintersecting.

Page 18: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Worm gearsets :are used to transmit rotary motion between nonparallel and nonintersecting shafts.

Page 19: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

represent the fourth basic gear type. As shown, the worm resembles a screw. The direction of rotation of the worm gear, also called the worm wheel, depends upon the direction of rotation of the worm and upon whether the worm teeth are cut right-hand or left-hand. Worm gearsets are also made so that the teeth of one or both wrap partly around the other. Such sets are called single enveloping and double-enveloping worm gearsets. Worm gearsets are mostly used when the speed ratios of the two shafts are quite high, say, 3 or more.

Page 20: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Benefits : 1)Fuel economy.2)Longevity and cost.3) Durability.4) Cost.5) Lubrication.6) Performance and control.7) Engine braking.

Page 21: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Drawbacks:

1) Complexity and learning curve.

2) Shifting speed.3) Ease of use.4) Stopping on hills.

Page 22: Gears. A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs, which mesh with another toothed part in order to transmit torque, in most

Done by :Ala’a Sameer Farash (0098631)