gef awareness briefing. structure of this presentation global environmental issues; gef focal...
TRANSCRIPT
Structure of this presentation
Global Environmental Issues; GEF focal areas,Conventions and Linkages
The GEF history, governance, structure, operational procedures and concepts
Project cycle information and examples
Summary and Discussion
The Global Environmental Focal Areas of the GEF
Biodiversity
Climate Change
International Waters
Ozone Depletion (only countries in transition)
And Land Degradation as it relates to the above focal areas.
The GEF and the Global Environmental Conventions
The GEF is the designated “financial mechanism” for the:
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
The GEF collaborates closely with other treaties and agreements to reach common goals (International Waters, POPs, CCD, Montreal Protocol)
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the different life forms on earth -- species of plants and animals --, their genetic variations, and the complex ecological interactions among them.
Biodiversity is under threat largely from human-induced pressures.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Objectives of the Convention Conservation Sustainable use Fair and equitable sharing of benefits
Financial Mechanism GEF is the financial mechanism of the
Convention
Climate change has significant implications for developing countries
Changes in timing and frequency of precipitation, extreme weather events
Impact on coastal areas
Risk for agricultural sector
Health risks
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change requires:
Developing country states (non-Annex I Countries) to prepare National Reports:
on their greenhouse gas emissions their national climate policies and their vulnerability to climate change
As the financial mechanism, the GEF provides funding for preparation of these reports.
The Convention is also the source of guidance for GEF funding of climate projects.
Climate Change Convention and Kyoto Protocol
Protocol (1997) sets GHG emission reduction targets for industrialized countries and defines flexible
instruments, emission credit trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
International Waters The Coastal Oceans and large fresh water basins whose
boundaries are shared by more than one country
International Waters provide a multitude of “goods” a few of which include:
High quality sources for irrigation and fisheries Drinking water supplies Sanitation Recreation Carbon sinks Climate Moderators Transport Corridors
International Waters
The coastal oceans and transboundary fresh water basin are under siege from:
Unsustainable irrigation diversion of fresh water Pollution discharge from industry, sewage +agriculture Over fishing Habitat loss and Wetland conversion Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) The GEF is not a financial mechanism for International Waters. However it supports Regional Sea Conventions,
UNCLOS, and selected maritime conventions
Land Degradation
Worldwide phenomenon Degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid
areas. In dry lands, soil quality, freshwater supplies, vegetation, and crops are all easily damaged.
Characterized by loss of biological or economic productivity and complexity in croplands, pastures, and woodlands.
Primary causes: over cultivation, overgrazing, deforestation, poor irrigation practices, poverty, political instability.
Land Degradation (LD) & GEF’s Role
Support country driven activities that prevent/ control land degradation through its interface with the GEF’s Focal Areas.
Addresses LD as part of national sustainable development plan
Complements, rather than substitutes other financing available
Possible if project design is from the bottom up (local needs as well as conservation)
Linkages The environment is interconnected
through all levels
Local, national, regional, global
Country projects funded by the GEF need to focus on preserving the integrity of the global environment, since all levels of the environment are interconnected
Country projects funded by the GEF need also to improve environmental conditions and sustainability at the local, national, and regional levels
Local
Regional
Global
Linkages
All the Focal Areas are linked: Climate change affects biological diversity Biological diversity affects land
degradation and climate change International waters affects biological
diversity and climate change Land degradation is linked to the other
focal areas
Global Environment Facility: Timeline
GEF Pilot Phase 1991 - 1994 $1 Billion US Dollars
Replenishment: 1995 - 1998 $2.2 Billion US Dollars 1999 - 2001 $2.8 Billion US Dollars
World Bank is the Trustee of the GEF Trust Fund
GEF is a Co-financier
GEF encourages partnerships by bringing together multiple sources of funding for projects
Key Concept: the GEF is not a project financier, but a project Co-financier providing “new and additional” funds to address global environmental issues
Origin of the Principle of Incremental Costs
Developing countries sought mechanism for funding the “incremental costs” of global environmental actions
This concept is at the heart of the CBD and UNFCCC, as negotiated and agreed by the Conferences of the Parties
Incremental costs calculations are also applied to work undertaken to fulfill the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
“Incremental Costs”
Cost of activities for the global environment beyond what is required for national development
GEF projects must complement national programmes and policies to maximize global benefits
1) Establish the baseline2) Determine cost of GEF alternative3) Incremental cost (project budget) = GEF alternative -- cost of baseline
$2,531.37
$825.56
$329.21
$191.73
$5,631.86
Biodiversity
InternationalWatersOzone Depletion
Multi- FocalAreasClimate Change
GEF Portfolio (June 1999)in millions of US dollars
Total GEF $ 2,444.22
Total Co-Financing $ 7,065.51
TOTAL $ 9,509.73
7
GEF Governance Structure
operations, and amendments to the GEF Instrument.
COUNCIL32 Members :18 Recipient
14 Donor
ASSEMBLY
All 166Members
CONVENTIONS
Provide Guidance
on Policy &
Programme Issues
GEF Council meets every 6 months to review and approve all projects, Work Programmes, Business Plans, policies.
GEF Assembly meets every 3 years to review general policies,operations, and amendments to the GEF Instrument.
STAPSTAP
GEF Assembly
GEF Council
GEF Assembly
GEF Council
GEF SecretariatGEF Secretariat
UNDPUNDP UNEPUNEP World BankWorld Bank
ProjectsProjects
GEF Operational Framework
GEF Implementing Agencies:Your Partners to Help Develop and
Implement Projects
UNDP: technical
assistance / capacity building projects
UNEP: global/
regional and trans-boundary projects, support STAP
World Bank:
investment projects
U N D P U N E P W orld B an k
Executing Agencies with shared responsibility for GEF Project Cycle Management
African Development Bank
Asian Development Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Inter-American Development Bank
Projects can also be executed by:
Government Agencies
UN Specialized Agencies
Non-Governmental Organizations
Bilateral Development Cooperation Agencies
Others from the private sector/institutes
GEF Funding Categories
Full-size projects ($1 million and up)
Medium-sized projects (up to $1 million)
Financing can be available for preparing projects
Small Grants Programme (up to $50,000)
Enabling activities
Project Development Funds (PDF-A up to $25,000PDF-B up to 350,000; PDF-C up to $1 million)
Other Project Eligibility Requirements
Country-driven and endorsed by host Government
Produce identifiable global benefits
Participation of all affected groups and transparency
Consistency with the Conventions
Possess strong scientific and technical merit
Financially sustainable and cost-effective
Include processes for monitoring, evaluation, and incorporation of lessons learned
Play catalytic role that leverages other financing
Develop project concept
Develop project concept
Present concept to an Implementing
Agency
Present concept to an Implementing
Agency
Option to pursue project development
financing
Option to pursue project development
financing
Develop project brief and/or
project document
Develop project brief and/or
project documentPresent project
document to Council
Present project document to
Council
Implement Project
Implement Project
Project impacts continue after completion of GEF funding
Project impacts continue after completion of GEF funding
Monitor and evaluate
Monitor and evaluate
Basic Project Cycle
The GEF Programmatic Approach
Purpose
Provide phased and sustained support for the implementation of a multi-year program that better integrates global environmental objectives into national strategies and plans.
The Programmatic Approach emphasizes
Translating national strategies into concrete action plans
Strengthened in-country policy, legal, and institutional arrangements
Agreed goals, milestones, and indicators for each phase
Sequenced disbursements based on identified milestones
A learning and adaptive management system
The Country Programming Framework depends upon:
A high level political commitment
Well advanced national biodiversity strategies or plans for biodiversity, energy, international waters, with clear priorities
Country commitment towards the key objectives and priorities
Willingness to work across sectoral ministries and agencies
Cooperation, collaboration, and joint programming with the implementing agencies and other partners towards the common objectives
GEF Briefing Summary
GEF is a co-financing mechanism bringing together GEF resources with those from Government, banks, NGOs, bilateral and multilateral agencies to address:
Biodiversity Climate Change International Waters Ozone Depletion Land degradation as it relates to these focal areas
GEF Projects address the global environment within the framework of country priorities.
GEF Briefing Summary
GEF projects are:
approved by a Governing Council
implemented by UNDP, UNEP, the World Bank and RDBs or by some partnership among these organizations) and they are
executed by Government agencies, regional development banks, UN agencies, NGOs and bilateral cooperation agencies, private sector groups, educational institutions