WELCOME

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Guided by: Ms. Ashwini D Dept. of Industrial chemistry

Presented by: Suresh B I

ELECTROPHORESIS

Electrophoresis is the migration of charged particle in an electric field towards the electrode bearing the opposite charge.

(OR) is a method where by charged molecules in solution, like

proteins and nucleic acids migrate in response to an

electric field

PRINCIPLE

powerful separation method frequently used to analyze DNA fragments generated by restriction enzymes

convenient analytical method for determining the size of DNA molecules in the range of 500 to 30,000 base pairs.

employs electromotive force to move molecules through a porous gel

separates molecules from each other on the basis of

>size and/or>charge and/or>shape

basis of separation depends on how the sample and gel are prepared

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS

Based on supporting media (zone electrophoresis): Paper

electrophoresis gel electrophoresis Cellulose acetate

electrophoresis

Without supporting media (moving boundary method): Free electrophoresis

Supporting medias are : starch, Agar- Agarose, polyacrylamide ,

APPLICATIONS

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Introduction: Gel electrophoresis is group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, and isoelectric point. Gel electrophoresis is usually

performed for analytical purposes.

APPICATION OF SAMPLE RUNNING OF SAMPLE VISUALISATION OF SAMPLE QUANTIFICATION

TECHNIQUES

REQUIREMENTS FOR GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

BufferFixativeStaining solutionDestaining solutionDensitometer – is essentially a double beam filter

photometer or spectrophotometer that scans the electrophoretic strip ( in the form of agarose , cellulose acetate or polyacrylamide) as it moves past the optical system.

What is Agarose ?A linear carbohydrate polymer extracted from seaweed , agarobiose

forms a porous matrix as it gelsshifts from random coil in solution to structure in which chains are bundled into double helices

DENSO METER

PROCEDURE1. Sample to be separated is applied to a supporting medium (paper, cellulose acetate, agar gel, polyacrylamide gel etc.) Electrophoresis is carried out at desired constant voltage or constant current in presence of specific pH.

3. After completion of electrophoresis the supporting medium is placed in a fixative to prevent diffusion of separated fractions.

4. Separated fraction is then visualized by using appropriate stains e.g. Bromophenol Blue & Amino Schwartz for plasma proteins and Sudan Black for lipoproteins.

5. Quantification of each fraction is done by either densitometer or elution followed by colorimeter or spectrophotometer of eluted fraction.

RANNING ELECTROPHORESIS

Gel electrophoresis is a process that separates fragments of DNA based on their sizes.

APPLICATION OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Evidence in criminal cases To determine paternity To diagnose genetic diseases Help to determine kinship in animals Compare similarities and differences between

species Solve paternity casesDetermine genetic kinship among species

Estimated molecular masses and relative abundance of unknown polypeptides in a complex mixture

Patterns of bands that suggest presence of isoenzymes or specific complex proteins

Effectiveness of a separation procedure during cell/tissue fractionation

Effectiveness of a procedure to purify specific organelles, proteins, or polypeptides

CONCLUSION Gel electrophoresis is used in forensic, molecular

biology and bio chemistry The results can be analysed quantitatively by

visualizing the gel with Uv light and a gel imaging device

The image is recorded with a computer operated camera and the intensity of the band (or) spot of interest is measuring and compared against standard (or)markers loaded on the sample gel

The measurement and analysis are mostly done with specialised software's

REFERENCE

colloidal chemistry by G Whitmore published by prabhath Kumar Sharma or sarup and sons

colloidal chemistry by B K Sharma

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