gender responsive budgeting: and present status in nepal · 2014-11-19 · interventions gender...
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Gender Responsive Budgeting:Initiation and present status in Nepal
Yoga Nath PoudelMinistry of Finance
Nepal
November 11,2014
Under‐investment in women and girls is costly in terms of human development
outcomes and growth.
Presentation outline
Context o Global context
o Macroeconomic situation in Nepal
o Gender equality and women’s empowerment‐ progress to date
Interventions
Results
Opportunities
Way forward
Global context
The concept of Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) came to the attention of policy makers very recently.
GRB was implemented in Australia for the first time in 1984 as a Gender Mainstreaming Strategy.
The UN 4th World Conference on Women and the Beijing Platform for Action in 1995 also endorsed this concept.
Beijing+20 review: ensuring adequate financing for gender equality as a cross‐cutting issue in all the critical areas of concern.
Current macroeconomic situation
IndicatorsStatus in 2012/13
Gross national income per capita (US $) 721.0Economic growth rate 3.6‐ Agricultural sector growth rate 1.3‐ Non‐agricultural sector growth rate 5.0Inflation rate 9.9Annual average growth rate in employment 2.9Revenue growth rate 23.0Total expenditure (as percentage of GDP) 26.3Poverty rate 23.8Source: NPC (2014)
Some Issues on Capital Expenditure
Lower allocation • Average allocation in total budget of 3 years is 17.2 percent
• Few reasons • Recurrent expenditure getting height • Social security costs including Pensions increasing remarkably
• Remuneration alone covers nearly one fifth of total budget
Progress on gender equality and women’s empowerment
Commitment to normative frameworks and international standards, (CEDAW, BPfA, MDGs, UNSCR 1325)
Adoption of several progressive laws, policies and plans
Women secured 30% representation in the November 2013 elections to the CA
On track to achieve most of the MDGs (6 out of 8)
Committed to post‐2015 development agenda and stand‐alone goal on gender equality
Women’s development priorities should focus on 3 Ls: Learning, Labour and Leadership
Interventions
Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐ a key development objective of the Tenth Plan (2002‐2007)
Ongoing partnership with UN Women
Gender coding in programmmes and projects through MTEF
Gender Responsive Budgeting (since 2007/08)
GRB methodology designed and being implemented
GRB system in MOF’s leadership – Budget chief as GRBC coordinator
Inclusion of GRB allocation in the budget speech
No. Criteria Score
1 Women’s participation in formulation and implementation of the programmes
20
2 Women’s capacity development 203 Women’s share in the benefit 30
4 Promoting employment and income generation for women 20
5 Qualitative improvement of women's time use or reduced workload
10
Total 100
Directly Gender Responsive (1) Indirectly Gender Responsive (2) Neutral (3)
=>50% >20% to <50% <20 %
9
GRB classification criteria
Progress
Targeted policies and programmes for gender equality and women’s empowerment
Budgeting and programming based on gender responsiveness
Attention to development of human capital ‐ with special provisions for women’s education, health and gender responsive infrastructure
Policies for women’s empowerment ‐ Tax rebates, property ownership, women entrepreneurship development, strategies to reduce violence against women
Other initiatives
Scholarship and incentive programmes in schools
Representation of women in school management
Women as primary health care workers
Gender responsive census (2011)– 50 questions engendered (5.6 million households covered)
Women’s representation in peace committees (one third membership is mandated)
GRB allocations 2007/8- 2014/15
Fiscal Year Directly Res NPR Bil (%)
Indirectly Res NPR Bil (%)
NeutralNPR Bil (%)
Total NPR Billion
2007/08 19.09 (11.30) 56.03 (33.16) 93.87 (55.54) 169 2008/09 32.91 (13.94) 83.58 (35.41) 119.53 (50.64) 200
2009/10 49.46 (17.30) 104.16 (36.43) 132.32 (46.27) 286
2010/11 60.61 (17.94) 122.65 (36.30) 154.64 (45.76) 338
2011/12 73.33 (19.05) 176.21 (45.78) 135.35 (35.17) 385 2012/13 87.08 (21.51) 178.63 (44.13) 139.11 (34.36) 405 2013/14 112.51 (21.75) 227.29 (43.94) 177.40 (34.31) 517 2014/15 135.57 (21.93) 278.38 (45.04) 204.15 (33.03) 618
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GRB allocation trends- 2007/8- 2014/15
19.0932.91
49.46 60.6173.33
87.08112.51
135.57
56.0383.58
104.16122.65
176.21 178.6
227.29
278.38
93.87119.53
132.32154.64
135.35 139.1
177.44204.15
168.99
236.02
285.94
337.9
384.89404.78
517.24
618.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
DGR
IGR
Neutral
Total
GRB allocations by development partners 2013-AMIS
DPs(No. of projects)
Total USD Million
Directly Res USD Mil (%)
Indirectly Res USD Mil (%)
NeutralUSD Mil (%)
Unmarked USD Mil (%)
Total (760) 7,558 607 (8) 1,752 (23) 1943 (26) 3,255 (43)
ADB (82) 1,688 106 (6) 389 (23) 528 (31) 664 (39
China (11) 300 14 (5) 33 (11) 152 (51) 101 (34)
Denmark (21) 168 3 (2) 35 (21) 12 (7) 118 (70)
DFID (37) 646 2 (0.31) 65 (10) 104 (16) 475 (74)GIZ (14) 99 0.69 (1) 0 5 (5) 93 (94)EU (71) 217 9 (4) 23 (10) 36 (17) 150 (69)
Finland (11) 95 34 (35) 0 22 (24) 39 (41)
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GRB allocations by development partners 2013 - AMIS
DPs(No. of projects)
Total USD Million
Directly Res USD Mil (%)
Indirectly Res USD Mil (%)
NeutralUSD Mil (%)
Unmarked USD Mil (%)
India (8) 301 0 6 (2) 241 (80) 54 (18)
IDA‐WB (23) 1,530 163 (11) 434 (28) 193 (13) 739 (43)
JICA (27) 186 5 (3) 0 65 (35) 116 (62)
Norway (36) 215 15 (7) 39 (18) 60 (28) 101 (47)
SDC (39) 196 7 (4) 91 (46) 39 (20) 59 (30)UNDP (14) 50 0.1 (0.21) 6 (11) 3 (7) 41 (82)USAID (27) 353 124 (35) 197 (56) 33 (9) 0WB TF (19) 136 2 (1) 23 (17) 97 (72) 13 (10)
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GRB results
Creation of GBV control fund in 2010 with a budget of 10 Million NPR
Targeted allocation ‐ 10% for women in all local bodies (DDCs, Municipalities and VDCs)
Increase in GRB allocation ‐ 21.75% directly gender responsive in 2013
Mainstreamed GEWE in public finance management framework‐MTB/EF and NPPR
GRB system is functional in MOF with enhanced institutional capacity
Opportunities
Gender responsive new constitution
Emphasis on gender responsive programme priorities, women’s empowerment and budget adequacy
Transparency in planning and budgeting
Aid effectiveness agenda‐ financing for gender equality
Gender marking in web based aid management platform (AMP)
Localization of GRB
Way forward
Evaluate past GRB work – process initiated
Cost laws, policies and NAPs on gender equality and women’s empowerment‐ process initiated
Review and refine GRB classification and scores
Reinforce the gender marker in Aid Management
Reinstate gender assessment in the investment
Institutionalization‐ strengthen ministries and local bodies and mitigate capacity gaps‐ Government decided to establish GRBC in all sectoral ministries and DDCs
Capacity development of DPs and CSOs
Way forward
Government has prioritized gender equality in its Development Cooperation Policy (DCP)
National Women Commission to be established a constitutional body
Nepal aims to graduate from LDC by 2022
The implementation of social protection measures, including employment and livelihood schemes that target women, and the introduction and enforcement of legislation guaranteeing equal rights, as appropriate, to inheritance for women and men and for girls and boys (ESCAP draft outcome of ministerial meeting, Nov 2014)
Need to address disproportionately low economic participation of women
Financing for Development
It is difficult to conceive of any public policy that can be carried out without financial resources.
Hope the Conference will inspire heightened sensitivity and commitment to resource mobilization, vital to address state's gender concerns.
‘The post‐2015 development agenda only becomes trulytransformative when the pressing needs and priorities of themost vulnerable and marginalized countries and societies arefaithfully accommodated into the broader global agenda andare provided with sufficient resources to achieve them. Hecalled for a fair, sustainable, equitable, and inclusivedevelopment by respecting the diversity of all nations.’
(PM Koirala at the UN GA 69th session, September 2014)