&JabmfokH;usdyf tw¬KyÜwÅd&JabmfokH;usdyf tw¬KyÜwÅd&JabmfokH;usdyf tw¬KyÜwÅd&JabmfokH;usdyf tw¬KyÜwÅd&JabmfokH;usdyf tw¬KyÜwÅd

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;Ad kvfcsKyfatmifqef;

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;

jrefrmjynfopf\ Adokumjzpfaom AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ ZmwmwGif yg&Sdonfh trnfrSm armifxdefvif; jzpfonf/ rdbrsm;u tudkjzpfol atmifoef;emrnfESifhvdkuf&ef atmifqef;[k ac:cJhonf/ wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH; 0ifa&mufaomtcg ocifatmifqef; jzpfvmcJhonf/ocifatmifqef;\ *syeftrnfrSm tdkrdk'grGef*sd jzpfonf/ xdkif;EdkifiHAefaumufNrdKUwGif &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifrsm; AdkvftrnfcH,l&mwGif AdkvfawZjzpfvmcJhonf/ wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK; vGwfvyfa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Guf&mwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; trnffjzifh xif&Sm;onf/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk 13 azazmf0g&D 1915 ckESpfwGif rauG;c½dkifewfarmufNrdKUü OD;zm? a':pk rdbESpfyg;wdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/ ArmvlrsdK;Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpfonf/

ausmif;om;b0ESifh ynma&;&mausmif;om;b0ESifh ynma&;&mausmif;om;b0ESifh ynma&;&mausmif;om;b0ESifh ynma&;&mausmif;om;b0ESifh ynma&;&m1922 ckESpf ewfarmufNrdKU 'DyuF&mausmif;ac: q&mawmf

OD;aombdwausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;cJhonf/ 1928 ckESpfwGif a&eHacsmif;NrdKU trsdK;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynmqufvufoifMum;cJhonf/

❂ 46 ausmfNidrf;

owårwef;wGif tpdk;&ynmoifqkESifh OD;a&Tckdqk &&SdcJhonf/ 1932 ckESpfwGif 'orwef;udk ygVdESifhjrefrmpm*kPfxl;jzifh atmifjrifonf/

1932-33 ynmoifESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY wufa&mufynmoifMum;onf/ &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;b0wGif &efukefwuúodkvf taysmfwrf; ppfwyftzGJUodkY 0ifa&mufí ppfynm oifMum;cJhonf/

1935-36 ynmoifESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (w-u-o) trIaqmiftzGJU0if? jyefMum;a&;Xme wm0efcHESifhtdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwmtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wGifyg&Sdaom ]]i&JacG;BuD; vGwfaeNyD}} aqmif;yg; a&;oltrnfudk xkwfazmfrajymí 1936 ckESpf rwfvwGif wuúodkvfrS 3 ESpfwmrQ ,m,Dxkwfy,fjcif; cH&onf/

1936 &efukefwuúodkvf 'kwd,ausmif;om;oydwfwGif acgif;aqmifwpfOD;tjzpf yg0ifcJhonf/ ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾toif;(A-u-o)udk pwif xlaxmifolrsm;wGif yg0ifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf'kwd, ausmif;om;oydwf vSefNyD;aemuf &efukefwuúodkvfodkY jyefvnfwufa&mufcJhonf/

1936-37 ynmoifESpfwGif w-u-o 'kwd, Ouú| ESifhA-u-o trIaqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ yJcl;aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif; Ouú| tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1937 ckESpf arvwGif0dZÆmbGJU&&SdcJhonf/

1937 ZGefvwGif A-u-o rS zGJUpnf; cefYtyfonfh &efukefwuúodkvf tufOya'jyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif aqmfMooltjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/

1937-38 ynmoifESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü Oya'ynmudkqufvuf oifMum;cJhonf/ xkdynmoifESpfwGif w-u-o t&eftvkyftrIaqmif tzGJU0ifESifh A-u-o Ouú| tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/

&JabmfokH;usdyf ❂ 47

1938 ckESpf ESpfOD;wGif NAdwdoQtpdk;&u &efukefwuúodkvftufOya' jyifqifa&;aumfrwDwGif tzGJU0iftjzpf cefYtyfcJhonf/ 1938-39 ynmoifESpfwGif w-u-o Ouú|tjzpf vnf;aumif;? A-u-oOuú| tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&GufcJhonf/

1938 Mo*kwfv ausmif;ydwf&ufwGif &efukefwuúokdvfrSxGufcJhonf/ 3 Edk0ifbm 1938 ckESpfwGif w-u-o ESifh A-u-oOuú| tjzpfrS EkwfxGufcJhonf/

5 ZGef 1940 jynfhESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUüyxrqkH; &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif; cH&onf/

trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcsuftrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcsuftrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcsuftrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcsuftrsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;aqmif&Gufcsufocifatmifqef;onf &efukefwuúodkvfrS xGufcJhNyD;aemuf 1938

atmufwdkbmvwGif ocifudk,fawmfrIdif; wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;odkY 0ifa&mufcJhNyD; EdkifiHa&;aqmif&GufcJhonf/ wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH; XmecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwGif 0g'jzefYcsda&; wm0ef,lcJhonf/ 26 Edk0ifbm 1938ckESpfwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; jzpfvmcJhonf/ocifatmifqef;onf wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; b0jzifh trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&;udk tqif;&Jtyifyef;cHum aqmif&GufcJhonf/

1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykHwGif tm;ay;ulnDonfhtwGuf 23Zefe0g&D 1939 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQtpdk;&u zrf;qD;cJhNyD; rMumrD tmrcHjzifh jyefvTwfay;cJhonf/

1 atmufwdkbm 1939 ckESpf ArmhxGuf&yf*dkPf; zGJUpnf;&mwGiftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 18 Edk0ifbm 1939ckESpf ajratmufvQdKU0SuftzGJU zGJUpnf;&mwGif EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;acgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/

❂ 48 ausmfNidrf;

29 rwf 1940 jynfhESpf tdEd´,EdkifiH &rf;*g; (Ramgarh) NrdKUwGifusif;yaom tdEd́,trsdK;om;uGef*&ufnDvmcHodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/

1 ZGef 1940 jynfhESpfü [oFmwpD&ifpk ZvGefNrdKUwGif tpdk;&tMunfndKysufatmif w&m;a[majymojzifh 29 ZGef 1940 jynfhESpfwGif[oFmwpD&ifpk &mZ0wf0ef rpöwmaZ;AD;,m; (Mr. Zavier) u ocifatmifqef;udk rdvQif qkaiG 5d̂ - ay;rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/ xdktrdefYudk20 Mo*kwf 1940 jynfhESpfwGif jyefvnf½kyfodrf;cJhonf/

ocifatmifqef;onf NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ tzrf;rcHvdkbJ jynfyxGufí EdkifiHjcm; tultnD&Sm&ef qkH;jzwfcJhonf/ w½kwf uGefjrLepfygwDESifhqufoG,f&ef ocifatmifqef;onf wefvGefa&Smif [laom w½kwftrnfcH,lívnf;aumif;? ocifvSNrdKifonf wefqlawmif[laom w½kwftrnfcH,lívnf;aumif; 8 Mo*kwf 1940 jynfhESpfwGif aemfa0ydkif [dkifvDoabFmjzifh &efukefNrdKUrS xGufcGmcJh&m 24 Mo*kwf 1940 jynfhESpfwGiftrGdKif&Sd ulvefpkuRef; (Kulangsu Island) odkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/ ocifatmifqef;wdkYonf trdGKifNrdKUwGif w½kwfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh tquftoG,fr&bJ aomifwifaepOf jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd &Jabmfrsm;\ BudK;yrf;csuft&*syefESifhqufoG,frdcJhonf/

AkdvfrSL;BuD;plZluD;onf ocifatmifqef;wdkYtm; trdGKifrS *syefodkYqufoG,fac:,lcJh&m 12 Edk0ifbm 1940 jynfhESpfwGif *syefEdkifiH a&muf&SdcJhonf/ ocifatmifqef;onf *syefEdkifiHwGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; nd§EIdif;aqmif&GufNyD;aemuf jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd &Jabmf&Jbufrsm;ESifh wdkifyif&ef jrefrmEdkifiHodkY &Tef;wif;rm½l;oabFmjzifh jyefvmcJhonf/ ocifatmifqef;onf 3 rwf 1941 ckESpfwGif &efukefa&mufNyD;jynfolUta&;awmfykH ygwD0ifrsm;ESifh jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk wdkifyifaqG;aEG;cJhonf/

ocifatmifqef;onf 10 rwf 1941 ckESpfwGif &Tef;wif;rm½l;oabFmjzifh *syefEdkifiHodkYtjyefwGif &JabmfokH;usdyf yxrtokwfjzpfonfh

ocifvSaz(Adkvfvufsm) ocifA*srf; (Adkvfva&mif) ocifat;armif(Adkvfrdk;)udkxGef;&Sdef (Adkvf&efEdkif) wdkYudk ac:aqmifoGm;cJh&m 27 rwf 1941 ckESpfwGifwdkusdKNrdKUodkY a&muf&SdcJhonf/ xdkrSwpfqifh ppfynm oifMum;&ef 1941ckESpf {NyDvwGif [dkifeefuRef;odk Y oGm;a&mufcJhonf/ [dkifeefuRef;ESif hwdkif0rfuRef;wGif ppfynmrsm; oifMum;cJhonf/ xdk Yaemuf xdkif;Ed kifiHAefaumufNrdKUwGif vufrmif;aoG;azmufí opömjyKum ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf (bDtdkifat) udk 27 'DZifbm 1941 ckESpfwGif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhonf/

ArmhvGwfvyfa&; wyfawmfppfXmecsKyfESifh armfvNrdKifppfaMumif;wGif 'kwd, ppfaoemywdtjzpfjzif h jrefrmEd ki fi HwGif; cs DwufumNAdwdoQwdkYudk wdkufcdkufcJhonf/

27 Zlvdkif 1942 ckESpfwGif bDtdkifat zsufodrf;í ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmf(bD'Dat) zGJUpnf;aomtcg AdkvfrSL;BuD;tqifhjzifh bD'Dat\ppfaoemywdtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1943 ckESpf rwfvwGif AdkvfcsKyf&mxl; wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;cH&onf/

*syeftpd k;&\ zdwfMum;csuft& 11 rwf 1943 ckESpfwGifa'gufwmbarmf? a'gufwmodrf;armif? ocifjrwdkYESifhtwl *syefEdkifiHodkYoGm;a&mufcJhonf/ 1 Mo*kwf 1943 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;& zGJUpnf;aomtcg umuG,fa&;Xme0efBuD; (ppf0efBuD;) tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/

zufqpf*syefwdk Yonf jrefrmjynfolwdk Ytm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcJhonfhtwGuf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifí zufqpf*syefwdk Yudk awmfvSef&ef jyifqifcJhonf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf 4 Mo*kwf rS 7 Mo*kwf1944 ckESpftxd yJcl;NrdKU pHjywyf&if;wGif Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDudk,fpm;vS,f ocifpd k;? ocifoef;xGef;? ocifA[def;wdk YESif h awGYqH kaqG;aEG;um zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;tzGJU zGJUUpnf;&ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ 23Mo*kwf 1944 ckESpfwGif zufqpf wdkufzsufa&;tzGJU zGJUpnf;a&;twGuftpnf;ta0;ac:,lcJhonf/ 1 rwf rS 3 rwf 1945 ckESpftxd &efukefNrdKU

❂ 50 ausmfNidrf;

uefawmfBuD;ywfvrf; ESifh OD;xGef;jrwfvrf;axmifh&Sd AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;aetdrfwGif zufqpf*syefwdkYudk awmfvSefwdkufcdkuf&ef tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwfcJhonf/ 27 rwf 1945 ckESpfwGif zufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;pwifaomtcg a&SUwef;ppfXmecsKyfwGif wm0ef,lum zufqpf *syefwdkYudkawmfvSefwdkufcdkufcJhonf/

16 ar 1945 ckESpfwGif rdwD¬vmNrdKUü NAdwdoQ AdkvfcsKyfqm0DvD,Hpvif; (Sir Willian Slim)ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhonf/ 19 ar1945 ckESpfwGif rdwD¬vmrS &efukefodkY av,mOfjzifh a&muf&SdcJhonf/ 12Mo*kwf 1945 ckESpfwGif Armhwyfrawmf acgif;aqmift&m&SdMuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ 19 Mo*kwf 1945 ckESpfwGif usif;yaomaeol&defnDvmcHwGif obmywdtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1945Mo*kwfvwGif zufqpfwdkufzsufa&;tzGJUcsKyf Ouú| tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&onf/

Armhwyfrawmfta&;ESifhywfoufí 7 pufwifbm 1945 ckESpfwGifuED´oabmwlnDcsufudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&Sr[mrdwf ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifhbufwefu AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm;ArmhwyfrawmfwGif AdkvfrSL;csKyf&mxl;jzifh 'kwd,ppfaq;a&; t&m&SdcsKyf(Deputy Inspector-General) tjzpf cefYtyfrnf[k urf;vSrf;cJhonf/AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf wyfrawmfom; b0udk vdkvm;aomfvnf;ordkif;ay;wm0ef jzpfonfh rNyD;qkH;ao;aom jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;vkyfief;udkqufvuf aqmif&Guf&ef 27 atmufwdkbm 1945 ckESpfwGif rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmf (Patriotic Burmese Forces)\ AdkvfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufcJhNyD;EdkifiHa&;e,fy,fodkY jyefvnf 0ifa&mufcJhonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHbk&ifcH qma':refprpfu z-w-y-v tm; trIaqmifaumifpD (0efBuD;tzGJU)wGif yg0if&ef zdwfac:cJhaomfvnf; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh z-w-y-v tzGJUcsKyfu rdrdwdkYawmif;qdkcsufrsm; r&ítrIaqmifaumifpDodkY r0ifcJhay/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmifonfhz-w-y-v tzGJUonf jrefrmjynfolvlxk\ tiftm;jzifh jrefrmh

&JabmfokH;usdyf ❂ 51

vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJudk qufvufqifETJcJhonf/ 1 'DZifbm 1945 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ppfaoemywdtjzpf wm0ef,lí jynfolU&Jabmf wyfzGJUudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ 1946 Zefe0g&DvwGif usif;yaomz-w-y-v yxrqkH; jynfvkH;uRwfnDvmcHwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf z-q-y-v Ouú| tjzpf jyefvnfa&G;aumuf wifajr§mufcH&onf/

jrefrmEdkifiH bk&ifcH qma':refprpf\ tkyfcsKyfa&;umvwGifjrefrmjynfolwdkY\ rauseyfrI ydkrdkBuD;xGm;um EdkifiHa&; rNidrfroufjzpfvmcJhonf/ xdktcg NAdwdoQtpdk;&u qma':refprpfudk t*Fvefjyefac:um jrefrmEdkifiHbk&ifcHopftjzpf qm[l;bwf&efYpfudk apvTwfcJhonf/ qm[l;bwf&efYpfonf trIaqmifaumifpDwGif yg0if&ef z-q-y-vudk zdwfac:cJhonf/ 26 pufwifbm 1946 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf trIaqmifaumifpDwGif 'kwd,Ouú|tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhNyD; umuG,fa&;XmeESifh EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xmersm;udk wm0ef,lcJhonf/

z-q-y-v tzGJUcsKyfonf trIaqmifaumifpDwGif yg0ifvmNyD;aemuf 8 Edk0ifbm 1946 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQtpdk;&xH jrefrmEdkifiHudkwpfESpftwGif; vGwfvyfa&;ay;&ef awmif;qdk cJhonf/ zqyv\awmif;qdkcsufudk wkHYjyefonfhtaejzifh t*Fvefeef;&if;0ef rpöwmtufwvD(Mr.Attlee) u 20 'DZifbm 1946 ckESpfwGif NAdwdoQygvDref atmufvTwfawmfü jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUudk t*FvefEdkifiHodkY zdwfac:aqG;aEG;rnf[k aMunmcJhonf/

NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ zdwfMum;csuft& AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; OD;aqmifonfh jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf t*FvefEdkifiHodkY oGm;a&mufNyD;NAdwdoQtpdk;& udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;um 27 Zefe0g&D1947 ckESpfwGif atmifqef;tufwvD pmcsKyfudk csKyfqdkcJhonf/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf jynfrESifh awmifwef;a'orsm; aygif;pnf;í jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; &,lEdkif&ef 12 azazmf0g&D 1947 ckESpfwGifwdkif;&if;om; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh yifvkHpmcsKyf csKyfqdkcJhonf/ 9 {NyD1947 ckESpfwGif usif;yaom wdkif;jynfjyK vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJwGif

❂ 52 ausmfNidrf;

z-q-y-v trwfavmif;tjzpf &efukefNrdKUr(vrf;rawmf) rqE´e,fajrrS0ifa&mufta&G;cH&m vTwfawmftrwftjzpf NydKifbufr&Sd a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcH&onf/ 19 ar rS 23 ar 1947 ckESpftxdusif;yaomzqyv yPmr jyifqifrInDvmcHodkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ 16 ZGef 1947ckESpfwGif wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmfnDvmcHü jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif yg0if&rnfh tajccHrlrsm;udkwifoGif;cJhonf/

ygwDEdkifiHa&;ygwDEdkifiHa&;ygwDEdkifiHa&;ygwDEdkifiHa&;ygwDEdkifiHa&;13 Mo*kwf 1939 ckESpfwGif wdkYArmtpnf;t½kH;twGif; uGefjrLepf

tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yfudk ocifatmifqef;? ocifvSaz (Adkvfvufsm)?ocifodef;az(OD;odef;azjrifh)? ocifA[def;ESifh rpöwm'wåm;wdkYpwifízGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhonf/ 15 Mo*kwf 1939 ckESpf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk tjrKawygwDtjzpf vQdKU0Suf zGJUpnf;cJh&m taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/

qkwHqdyfa&;&mqkwHqdyfa&;&mqkwHqdyfa&;&mqkwHqdyfa&;&mqkwHqdyfa&;&m22 rwf 1943 ckESpfwGif wdkusdKNrdKUü *syefbk&if [D½dk[Dwdk (Hiro

Hito)\ wufae0ef;wHqdyf (wwd,qifh) ESifh pvG,fvwf Third Class

Order of Rising Sun with middle Cordon csD;jr§ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf/4 pufwifbm 1944 ckESpfwGif &efukefNrdKUü *syefbk&if

[D½dk[Dwdk\ rGefjrwfaom&wem (yxrqifh) Order of the Sacred Trea-

sure (First Class) bGJUwHqdyf csD;jr§ifhjcif;cHcJh&onf/27 rwf 1959 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI aemufqkH;

u@ü udk,fusdK;riJhbJ wdkif;jynfESifhvlrsdK; vGwfvyfa&;twGuf oufpGefYqHzsm; BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufcJhrIaMumifh EdkifiHawmfu aus;Zl;qyfjcif;txdrf;trSwftjzpf vGwfvyfa&;armfuGef;0if (yxrqifh) Star of the

Revolution (First Class) wHqdyf csD;jr§ifh*kPfjyKjcif; cHcJh&onf/

&JabmfokH;usdyf ❂ 53

b0ed*kH;b0ed*kH;b0ed*kH;b0ed*kH;b0ed*kH;19 Zlvdkif 1947 ckESpfwGif twGif;0efrsm;½kH;ü 0efBuD;rsm;

tpnf;ta0; usif;yaepOf *VKefOD;apm\ aemufvdkuf vlowform;rsm;u vkyfMuHowfjzwfí usqkH;onf/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ ½kyfuvmyfudk 11 {NyD 1948 ckESpfwGif *sLAvDa[mrS tmZmenfukef;odkY ydkYaqmif*loGif;oN*FK d[fonf/

vufrSwfvufrSwfvufrSwfvufrSwfvufrSwf