general bibliography - schottenhammer · cao renhu 曹仁虎 [1730–1786] (1972) qinding xu...

375© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 A. Schottenhammer (ed.), Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I, Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9

General BiBlioGraphy

primary SourceS

al-Ḥusayn, Ḥasan b. [fl. 1770] (18th cent.) Tuḥfāt az-Zaman fī Tarīḥ Mulūk al-Yaman, MS London British Museum, No. Or. 3330.

al-Ḥusayn, Yaḥyā b. [1620–1679] (1968) Ġayāt al-Amānī fī aḫbar al-qutr al-yamanī, edited by Ashur, Sa’id ‘Abd al-Fattah and Ziadah, Muḥammad Mustafa (Cairo: no publisher).

al-Maqrīzī, Aḥmad b. Alī [1560–1565] (1972) Kitāb as-Sulūk li-maʿrifāt duwal al-mulūk, edited by Ashur, Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattaḥ (Cairo: no publisher), vol. 4.

al-Maqrīzī, Aḥmad b. Alī [1364–1442] (2007) Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks de l’Egypte, translated by Quatremère, Etienne (Paris 1842, reprint London: no publisher).

Anonym (no date) “An Account of the Annual Profits Arising to the Company from Opium in Bengal from the Acquisition of Diwani to the Date of the Latest Advices from Bengal”, f. 1, Collection 20, IOL, Parl/L/2/20.

Anonym (1688) “Enclosure to the Letter from Hugli to Batavia”, 22 September 1688, National Archieve VOC 1454, ff.764v–768v.

Anonym (1773) “Bengal Revenue Consultations (Extract)”, 23 November 1773, Appendix 57, Ninth Report, IOL, L/Parl/2/15.

Anonym (1775) “Bengal Revenue Consultations (Extract)”, 23 May 1775, Appendix 62, Ninth Report, IOL, L/Parl/2/15.

Anonym (1976) A Chronicle of the Rasulid Dynasty of Yemen from the Unique MS Paris, No. Arabe 4609, edited by Yajima, Hikoichi (Tōkyō: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa).

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9

376 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonym (1980) The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, translated by Huntingford, George W. B. (London: Hakluyt Society).

Bacheracht, Johannes (1776) “Memoir of Bacheracht for Ross, Dated 31 July”, NA, HRB 252, ff. 115–116.

Bacheracht, Johannes (1776) “Memoir of Director Bacheracht for his successor, Ross, Dated 31 July”, NA, HRB 252, f. 117.

Bacheracht, Johannes (1776) “Memoir of Dutch Director in Bengal at Hugli, Johannes Bacheracht, for His Successor, J.M. Ross, Dated 31 July”, NA, ARA, HRB 252, ff. 114–115.

Ban Gu 班固 [32–92] (1964) Hanshu 漢書 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju).Bao Hui 包恢 [1182–1268] (1972) Bizhou gaolüe 敝帚稿略, in Siku quanshu 四

庫全書 (Taibei: Shangwu yinshuguan), fasc. 246.British Foreign Office (1839) Correspondence Relating to Persia and Afghanistan

(London: J. Harrison & Son).Cao Renhu 曹仁虎 [1730–1786] (1972) Qinding xu wenxian tongkao 欽定續文

獻通考, in Siku quanshu, fasc. 62.Chen Dazhen 陳大震 [fl. late 13th–early 14th Century] (1986) Dade Nanhai

zhi canben 大德南海志殘本 (Guangzhou: Guangzhou shi difangzhi yanjiusuo).

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de Morga, Antonio [1559–1636] (1907) History of the Philippine Islands: From Their Discovery by Magellan in 1521 to the Beginning of the XVII Century; with Descriptions of Japan, China and Adjacent Countries, translated, edited and annotated by Blair, E. H.; Robertson, J. A. (Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark).

Dong Gao 董誥 [1740–1818] (1979) Quan Tangwen 全唐文 (Taibei: Datong shuju).

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Fan Ye 范曄 [398–446] (1985) Hou Hanshu 後漢書 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju).Fei Xin 費信 [c. 1385–1436] (1996) Hsing-ch’a sheng-lan 星槎勝覽 – The

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Feng Chengjun 馮承鈞 [1885–1946] (1937) Zhongguo Nanyang jiaotong shi 中國南洋交通史 (Shanghai: Shangwu yinshuguan).

Feng Zhang 馮璋 [jinshi 1538] (1997) “Tongfan boyi” 通番舶議, in Chen Zilong 陳子龍 [1608–1647] (ed.), Ming jingshi wenbian 明經世文編 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju), vol. 280, 1.18b–19a.

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name index

A‘Abbās Mīrzā (1789–1833), Crown

Prince of Persia and Governor-General of Azerbaijan, 242–244

Abu-Lughod, Janet (1928–2013), American sociologist, 55, 58, 61, 77

Abu Zikri Cohen Sijilmasi (fl. 12th cent.), Moroccan merchant, 205, 206

Ahemo 阿合抹 (1270–1352), Muslim merchant in Quanzhou, 310

Ahmad ibn Mājid (b. 1421), Arab navigator and cartographer, 202, 214, 220

al-ʿAsqallānī, ibn Haǧǧar (1372–1449), Egyptian Sunni Muslim scholar and jurist, 83, 87

al-Bīrūnī, Abū Rayhān Muhammad ibn Ahmad (973–1048) Persian polymath, 45, 200, 201

Ali Bakir (fl. 19th cent.), Arab merchant, 367

al-Idrīsī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs (c. 1100–1165), Arab geographer and cartographer, 200, 214

al-Maqrīzī, Taqī ad-Dīn abū ‘l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir (1364–1442), Egyptian historian, 82, 83, 87–91, 93, 95

al-Marvazī, Sharaf al-Zamān Ṭāhir (c. 1056–1124), Persian physician and writer, 200

al-Mas‘ūdī, Abu al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (896–956), Arab historian and geographer, 35, 41, 45, 145, 174, 200

al-Mu’taṣim bi’llāh (796–842, r. 833–842), eighth Abbasid Caliph, 152

al-Sīrafi, Abū Zayd Hasan (fl. 9th–10th cent.), Arab geographer and writer, 40, 43

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9

418 NAME INDEX

al-Yaʿqūbī, Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq ibn Jaʿfar ibn Wahb ibn Wāḍiḥ (d. 897/898), Arab geog-rapher and historian, 44

an-Nāṣir Ahmad (r. 1400–1424), Sultan of Yemen, 90, 93, 94

Arias Moya, Luís (fl. 17th cent.), governor of Manila’s Chinese community, 340

Atīśa Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna (982–1054), Bengali Buddhist preacher and scholar, 216

BBaasch, Ernst Theodor (1861–1947),

German historian, 267, 270, 271Backhouse, John (1784–1845), British

civil servant, 248Ban Gu 班固 (32–92), Chinese histo-

rian, 23Bao He 包何 (jinshi 748; fl. 8th cent.),

Chinese scholar-official, 121–123Barakāt ibn Ḥasan ibn Aǧlān (fl. 15th

cent.), Amir of Mecca, 87Barani, Ziauddin (1285–1357), Indian

historian, 217Bayly, Christopher Alan (1945–2015),

British historian, 238Beal, Daniel (1759–1842), Scottish

merchant and Prussian consul to China, 259

Bello, Manuel (fl. 17th cent.), Macanese citizen related to Zheng Zhilong, 337

Ben Yiju, Abraham (d. c. 1156), Tunisian Jewish merchant, 204–208

Bilal ibn Jarir (d. 1151), Sultan of Aden, 204

Bolts, William (1740–1808), Dutch-British merchant, 266, 267

Bosch, Frederik David Kan (1887–1967), Dutch archaeologist, 101, 102

Brant, James (fl. nineteenth century), British consul at Trabzon, 245

Brennwald, Caspar (1838–1899), Swiss merchant and diplomat, 271, 283

Burgess, Charles (fl. nineteenth cen-tury), British merchant, 250

Buzurg ibn Shahriyār (fl. 9th cent.), Persian navigator and geographer, 200

CCampbell, Colin (1686–1757),

Scottish merchant, co-founder and director of the Swedish East India Company, 265

Campbell, Hugh (fl. 18th cent.), Scottish merchant and director of the Swedish East India Company, 265

Campbell, Sir John (1799–1870), British ambassador to Iran, 244

Cobo, Juan [Gao Muxian] 高母羡 (1546–1592), Spanish Dominican monk, missionary, and sinologist, 317, 318

Cœdès, George (1886–1969), French indologist and orientalist, 101, 102

Collares, Alberto (1610–1673), Spanish Dominican monk and missionary, 340

Confucius (551–479 BCE), Chinese philosopher, 318

Cooks, Richard (also Cocks, 1566–1624), chief factor of the British East India Company trading post in Hirado, 335

Cornwallis, Charles, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (1738–1805), Governor-General of India, 233

Cosmas Indicopleustes (fl. 6th cent.), Greek merchant, traveller, and writer, 196

NAME INDEX 419

DDaṇḍin (fl. 7th–8th cent.),

Indian poet and grammarian, 198, 199

Das Gupta, Ashin (1931–1998), Indian historian, 100, 369

da Pordenone, Oderico (1286–1331), Italian Franciscan monk and mis-sionary, 68

de Casparis, Johannes Gijsbertus (1916–2002), Dutch indologist and orientalist, 101

de Quiroga y Moya, Don Pedro (d. 1637), Spanish government official, 341

de Reuter, Paul Julius (1821–1899), German-British entrepreneur, 255

de Santa Maria, Antonio Caballero [Li Andan] 利安當 (1602–1669), Spanish Franciscan monk and missionary, 334, 337, 338

Dezong 德宗 (742–805, r. 780–805), Chinese emperor, 36

Díaz, Salvador (fl. 17th cent.), Macanese interpreter, 335

Duan Chengshi 段成式 (c. 803–863), Chinese writer and official, 170–172, 175, 177, 185, 186

Du Huan 杜還 (fl. 8th cent.), Chinese traveller and writer, 170

Duyvendak, Jan Julius Lodewijk (1889–1954), Dutch sinologist, 86, 165, 166

EEllis, Henry (1788–1855), British

diplomat, 245Ellis, William (d. 1763), chief of the

British East India Company’s factory at Patna, 229

FFan Liben 范立本 (fl. 14th cent.),

Chinese editor, 317Fan Rugui 范如圭 (1102–1160),

Chinese government official, 312

Farmānfarmā, Ḥoseyn ʿAlī Mīrzā (1789–1835), uncle and rival of Moḥammad Shāh, 245

Fatḥ ‘Alī Shāh (1772–1834, r. 1798–1834), Shāh of Persia, 242–245

Faxian 法顯 (337/342–c. 422), Chinese Buddhist monk, 198

Fei Xin 費信 (c. 1385–1436), Chinese soldier and author accompanying Zheng He, 13, 81, 82, 90, 91, 93

Fu Zide 傳自得 (1116–1183), Chinese government official, 311

GǦaʿfar ibn Muḥammad (fl. 15th cent.),

Arab writer, 83Gaṇapatii (r. 1199–1261), Kākatīya

king, 213Gernet, Jacques (1921–2018), French

sinologist, 166Goitein, Shlomo Dov (1900–1985),

German arabist and historian, 195

Gong Zhen 鞏珍 (fl. 15th cent.), Chinese secretary, translator, and author accompanying Zheng He, 81

Gordon, Sir Thomas Edward (1832–1914), British military officer, diplomat, and writer, 253, 254

Gu Yanwu 顧炎武 (1613–1682), Chinese official, geographer, and Confucian scholar, 300, 301, 303, 310, 314

420 NAME INDEX

HHaines, Stafford Bettesworth

(1801/1802–1860), British naval officer and administrator of Aden, 367, 368

Haji Abul Razul (fl. 19th cent.), Iranian merchant, 367, 368

Han Wudi 漢武帝 (r. 140–87 BCE), Chinese emperor, 23, 25

Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥusain (fl. 18th cent), Arab writer, 84

Hector, Alexander (b. c. 1812), British merchant, 250

Hongwu 洪武 (1328–1398, r. 1368–1398), Chinese emperor, 315

Huang Chao 黄巢 (d. 884), Chinese soldier and rebel, 40, 41, 46, 297, 300

Hurtado de Corcuera, Sebastián (d. 1660), Governor of the Philippines, 340, 341

IIbáñez, Buenaventura [Wen Dula] 文度

辣 (1610–1690), Spanish Franciscan monk and missionary, 337

Ibn aḏ-Ḏaibā’, Abū ʿAbd allāh ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān (1461–1537), Arab historian, 83, 85, 87, 90, 91, 93–95

Ibn Baṭūṭah, ʾAbū ʿAbd al-Lāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Lāh l-Lawātī ṭ-Ṭanǧī‎ (1304–1368/1369), Moroccan explorer, 200, 203, 214, 217

Ibn Khurdādhbih, Abu’l-Qāsim ‘Ubayd Allāh ‘Abd Allāh (c. 820–912), Persian geographer, 43, 145, 200

Ibn Taġrībirdī, Abū ’l-Mahāsin Yūsūf (1411–1470), Egyptian historian, 83

JJamāl al-Dīn/Zhamaluding (fl. 13th

cent.), Persian astronomer and cartographer, 59

Jamāl al-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭībī (fl. 13th–14th cent.), ruler of Kīsh, 64

Jaya Indravarman I (fl. 10th cent.), King of Champa, 151

Jeejeebhoy, Sir Jamsedji, 1st Baronet (1783–1859), Indian business magnate and philanthropist, 365

Jia Dan 賈耽 (729–805), Chinese statesman, and cartographer, 30, 37

Jiajing 嘉靖 (1507–1567, r. 1521–1567), Chinese emperor, 9

Joseph ibn Abraham (fl. 12th cent.), Jewish merchant in Aden, 205

KKang Tai 康泰 (fl. 3rd cent.), Chinese

traveller and author, 24Kangxi 康熙 (1654–1722, r. 1661–

1722), Chinese emperor, 74Khosrow II (c. 570–628, r. 590–628),

King of the Sassanid Empire, 197Khubilai (Qubilai) Khan (1215–1294,

r. 1260–1294), Great Khan of the Mongol Empire and Emperor of China, 7, 57, 59, 65

König, Johann Friedrich (fl. 18th cent.), German merchant and associate of the Swedish East India Company, 265

Kreyher, Johannes (1834–1910), German priest and writer, 272, 273

Kulottuṅga I (r. 1070–1122), Cōḷa emperor, 209–212

Kumar Sev Das (fl. 17th cent.), Iranian merchant and interpreter, 368

NAME INDEX 421

LLady Wu 吳 (763–824), Grand

Mistress of Qi 齊, 141Laozi 老子 (d. 539 BCE), Chinese

philosopher, 318Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1884–

1968), American historian, 177Liang Wudi 梁武帝 (464–549, r.

502–549), Chinese emperor, 124Li Dan 李旦 (d. 1625), Chinese mer-

chant and pirate, 334–336Li Mi 李泌 (722–789), Chinese official,

Emperor Dezong’s advisor, 36Lindsay-Bethune, Sir Henry, 9th Earl

of Lindsay (1787–1851), Scottish general and diplomat, 244–247

Lin Zhiqi 林之奇 (1112–1176), super-intendent of maritime trade in Quanzhou, 306

Liu Hua 劉華 (896–930), wife of Wang Yanjun 王延鈞, 150

Lombard, Denys (1938–1998), French sinologist and historian, 194

Lu Guimeng 陸龜蒙 (d. 881), Chinese poet, 49

MMacartney, George, 1st Earl

Macartney (1737–1806), British politician and diplomat, 72, 75

MacGregor, Alexander (fl. 19th cent.), British merchant and Hamburg consul to China, 269

Macpherson, Sir John (c. 1745–1821), Governor-General of Bengal, 230

MacVicar, John (fl. 19th cent.), British merchant and Hamburg consul to China, 269

Madmun ibn Hasan-Japheth (d. c. 1151), Jewish merchant in Aden, 204–207

Ma Huan 馬歡 (c. 1380–1460), Chinese translator and author accompanying Zheng He, 13, 81, 82, 85, 86, 90, 91, 93, 94, 215

Malcolm, Sir John (1769–1833), Scottish general, politician, and historian, 242

Martínez, Bartolomé (fl. 16th–17th cent.), Spanish Dominican monk and missionary, 335

Matheson, Sir Alexander (1805–1886), Scottish merchant and politician, 269

McGwire, William (fl. 18th cent.), chief of the British East India Company’s factory at Patna, 229

McNeill, Sir John (1795–1883), Scottish surgeon and diplomat, 246, 247

Mehmed Ali Pasha (1769–1849), Ottoman military commander and Governor of Egypt, 347

Mencius (385/372–303/289 BCE), Chinese philosopher, 318

Mīrzā Abū al-Ḥasan Khān Shīrāzī (d. 1846), Iranian ambassador to the British Empire, 243

Mīrzā ‘Alī (fl. nineteenth century), Iranian politician, 246

Moḥammad Shāh (born Moḥammad Mīrzā, 1808–1848, r. 1834–1848), Shāh of Persia, 240, 244–246, 249

Möngke Khan (1209–1259, r. 1251–1259), Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, 55

Mookerji, Radha Kumud (1884–1964), Indian historian, 181

Muhsin Shah (fl. 19th cent.), Iranian merchant, 367

Mulla Jafar (fl. 19th cent.), Iranian merchant and interpreter, 367

422 NAME INDEX

Mus, Paul (1902–1969), French ori-entalist, 101

NNādir Shāh (1688–1747, r. 1736–

1747), Shāh of Persia, 345, 360Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769–1821, r.

1804–1814/1815), Emperor of the French, 241

Nāser al-Dīn Shāh (1831–1896, r. 1848–1896), Shāh of Persia, 255

Naṭanzī, Muʿin ad-Dīn (fl. 14th–15th cent.), Arab historian, 83

Nuruddin Firuz (fl. 13th cent.), Persian merchant, 201, 222

PPan Mei 潘美 (921–987), Chinese

general and Maritime Trade Commissioner at Canton, 38

Pelliot, Paul (1878–1945), French sinologist and orientalist, 86

Philip II (1527–1598, r. 1556–1598), King of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Sicily, 320

Polo, Marco (1254–1324), Venetian merchant and traveller, 68, 173, 202, 203, 213, 214, 217

Pulakeśin II (610–642), ruler of Deccan, 197

Pu Shougeng 蒲壽庚 (d. 1296), Chinese Muslim merchant, and Superintendent of Maritime Trade at Quanzhou, 57, 299, 307, 313

Putmans, Hans (fl. 17th cent.), Governor of Taiwan, 339

QQianlong 乾隆 (1711–1799, r. 1735–

1796), Chinese emperor, 75

RRājarāja I (947–1014, r. c. 985–1014),

Cōḷa emperor, 210Rājendra I (r. 1012–1044), Cōḷa

emperor, 209, 210Ram Chand Pandit (fl. 18th cent.),

agent of the British East India Company in Patna, 231

Raynal, Guillaume Thomas François (1713–1796), French priest (Abbé), writer, and journalist, 236

Renzong 仁宗 (1010–1064, r. 1023–1064), Chinese emperor, 309

Ricci, Matteo (1552–1610), Italian Jesuit missionary, 319

Riccio, Victorio (1621–1685), Italian Dominican monk and missionary, 319, 336

Rogemont, Francisco (fl. 17th cent.), Portuguese Jesuit missionary, 333

SSāʿad ad-Dīn Ibrahīm ibn al-Marra

(fl. 15th cent.), commander of Ǧidda, 87

Sami, Juan (fl. 16th cent.), Chinese-Philippine translator, 318

Schafer, Edward Hetsel (1913–1991), American sinologist, 181, 182, 189

Seneca (4 BCE–65 CE), Roman Stoic philosopher and statesman, 318

Sheikh Tahri Ibrahimi (fl. 19th cent.), Yemeni merchant, 368

Shenzong 神宗 (1048–1085, r. 1068–1085), Chinese emperor, 38

Shinawei 施那帷 (fl. 12th century), Śrīvijayan Muslim merchant, 306, 309

NAME INDEX 423

Siemssen, Georg Theodor (1816–1886), German merchant and Hamburg consul to China, 269

Spieß, Gustav (1802–1875), German merchant and diplomat, 273

Steensgaard, Niels (1932–2013), Danish historian, 356

Stuart, Heinrich Thomas (1700/1710–1769), Dutch merchant, founder and director of the Royal Prussian Asian Trading Company, 266

Su Gui 蘇瑰 (639–710), Chinese gov-ernment official, 33

Sulayman (fl. 9th cent.), Persian mer-chant, traveller, and writer, 200

Sun Quan 孫權 (182–252, r. 222–252), Emperor of Wu 吳, 24, 25

Surabji Cowraji (fl. 19th cent.), Parsi merchant, 368

Su Che 蘇轍 (1039–1112), Chinese scholar-official and writer, 310

TTaizong 太宗 (939–997, r. 976–997),

Chinese emperor, 179, 185Taizu 太祖 (927–976, r. 960–976),

Chinese emperor, 38, 151Temple, Henry John, 3rd Viscount

Palmerston (1784–1865), Prime Minister of Great Britain, 244, 246–248

VVansittart, Henry (1732–1770),

Governor of Bengal, 229, 230Victoria (1819–1901, r. 1837–1901),

Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 255

von Brandt, Maximilian (Max) August Scipio (1835–1920), Prussian diplomat and orientalist, 273, 278, 284, 285

von Werner, Reinhold (1825–1909), German vice admiral and writer, 260, 272

WWang Dang 王讜 (c. 1046–c. 1107),

Chinese historian, 25Wang Dayuan 汪大淵 (1311–1350),

Chinese traveller and author, 67Wang Fangqing 王方慶 (d. 702),

Chinese official, 33Wang Yanjun 王延鈞 (r. 927–935),

ruler of the Southern Fujian king-dom of Min 閩, 150

Wang Zhongsi 王忠嗣 (704?–748?), Chinese general and government official, 30

Waṣṣāf, Abdulla (fl. 13th–14th cent.), Persian historian, 217

Wätjen, Hermann (1876–1944), German historian, 267, 271

Wei Yuan 魏源 (1794–1856), Chinese scholar, 75

Wenzong 文宗 (809–840, r. 827–840), Chinese emperor, 34

Wheeler, Sir Robert Eric Mortimer (1890–1976), British archaeolo-gist, 103

Wiens, Herold Jacob (1921–1971), American geographer and histo-rian, 6

Wilbraham, Richard (fl. 19th century), British military officer and writer, 249

William of Adam (d. c. 1341), French Dominican missionary and later archbishop, 218, 220, 221

424 NAME INDEX

Wolff, Sir Henry Drummond Charles (1830–1908), British politician and diplomat, 251

Wolters, Oliver William (1915–2000), British historian, 101, 115

Wu Zetian 武則天 (624–705, r. 690–705), first and only Empress Regnant of China, 33, 34

XXianzong 憲宗 (778–820, r. 806–

820), Chinese emperor, 180Xinya Tuoluo 辛押陀羅 (fl. 11th

century), Arab merchant and diplomat, 310

Xuanwu 宣武 (483–515, r. 499–515), Emperor of Northern wei 魏, 123

Xuanzang 玄奘 (600?–664), Chinese Buddhist monk, 198

Xuanzong 玄宗 (685–762, r. 712–755), Chinese emperor, 30, 180

YYaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusain (fl. 17th cent.),

Arab writer, 83Yang Liangyao 楊良瑤 (736–806),

Chinese eunuch and diplomat, 36, 37

Yang Shu 楊樞 (fl. 13th–14th cen-tury), Chinese government official and merchant, 66, 67

Yijing 義淨 (635–713), Chinese Buddhist monk, 198, 199

Yin Chongke 尹崇珂 (fl. 10th cent.), Chinese maritime trade commis-sioner, 38

Yongle 永樂 (1360–1424, r. 1402–1424), Chinese emperor, 7–9, 70, 71, 81, 85, 299, 315

Yue Ke 岳珂 (1183–1240), Chinese historian and poet, 304, 305, 309–311, 315

Yu Huan 魚豢 (fl. 3rd cent.), Chinese historian, 170

ZZeng Tingdan 曾鼎旦 (fl. 11th–12th

centuries), Guangzhou citizen, 307, 308

Zhao Rugua 趙汝适 (1170–1231), Chinese maritime trade commis-sioner and author, 68, 172, 173, 175, 186, 213, 306, 307

Zheng Chenggong 鄭成功/Koxinga (1624–1662), Chinese military and naval commander, 73, 78, 319, 338

Zheng He 鄭和 (1371–1433/1435), Chinese explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral, 7, 9, 12, 70, 71, 78, 80–82, 85, 87, 90, 95, 100, 169, 299

Zheng Zhilong 鄭芝龍 (1604– 1661), Chinese merchant, naval commander, 332–334, 336–340

Zhou Qufei 周去非 (d. after 1178), Chinese government official and geographer, 31, 32

Zhou Zhizhong 周致中 (c. 1297–1329), Chinese author, 186

Zhu Mu 祝穆 (fl. 13th cent.), Chinese scholar, 184, 185

Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200), Chinese Confucian philosopher and government official, 309, 311–313

Zhu Yu 朱彧 (1075?–after 1119), Chinese government official and author, 30, 130, 182–185, 301–305

zu Eulenburg, Friedrich Albrecht (1815–1881), Prussian diplomat and politician, 278


Angola, 359Anhai 安海, 337Annam, 30Antichak, 216Antwerp, 266, 352Arabia, 86, 89, 94, 128, 217, 355,

356Arabian Peninsula, 14, 80, 81, 89, 90,

123, 128, 194, 366Arakan, 198, 199, 216Arikamedu, 23Assam, 110, 214, 216as-Sur, 350, 351Aurangabad, 196Australia, 192Austria, 249, 263, 265‘Aydhab, 167Azerbaijan, 242, 244, 253

BBaghdad, 37, 154, 158, 250, 307,

348, 366Bahrain, 35, 350, 351, 366, 369, 370

AAcapulco, 331, 341Aceh (Atjeh), 354Acre, 218Aden, 80–85, 87–89, 91, 92, 202–

207, 217, 220, 221, 348, 350, 351, 355, 367, 369, 370, 372

Afghanistan, 247Agra, 228Ahmedabad, 370Aidhab, 203Ajanta, 154Aleppo, 351, 358Alexandria, 170, 220, 366al-Fustat, 51, 203, 205Allahabad, 228al-Manjarur, 217al-Mukalla, 220Altona, 264al-Ubulla, 44Amoy, 270, 275, 332, 334, 337Amsterdam, 266, 352Andhra-Odisha, 209, 214Andhra Pradesh, 199, 210, 212–214

place index

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9

426 PLACE INDEX

Baihe 白河, 134Bait al-Faki, 350Bali, 111, 119Balipattana, 202Banaras, 232Banbhore, 148, 201Bandar Abbas, 348, 351–354, 356,

357, 368, 370Bandar Lingeh, 350Bangkok, 125, 260Bangladesh, 198, 208, 209, 214, 216Bantam, 228Barus, 211Basra, 35, 44, 132, 146, 149, 158,

348, 352, 353, 358, 363, 365, 370

Batavia, 319, 323, 325, 328–330, 332Batujaya, 108, 111Bay of Bengal, 13, 101, 103, 105,

110, 112–115, 118, 119, 129, 192, 198, 199, 208, 209, 213–215, 346

Beijing 北京, 65, 86, 88, 337Belgium, v, 265, 366Belitung Island, 45, 129Benadir Coast, 355Bengal, 198, 199, 214–216, 228, 229,

231, 232, 234–236, 346, 349, 364

Benkulen, 228Berbera, 170, 172, 173, 175, 177,

206Bergen op Zoom, 350Berlin, 266Bhagalpur, 216Bharuch, 201Bhavnagar, 361Bhṛigukachchha, 196, 201Bihar, 15, 216, 227, 228, 231, 232,

235Bikaner, 357Bipaluo 弼琶囉, 172Birmingham, 250, 255

Bobali 撥拔力, 170, 171, 185Bohai 渤海, 30Bombay, 252, 269, 344, 346, 359,

363–367, 370, 371Borneo, 307, 326, 346Brazil, 359, 361Bremen, 261, 263, 271Burma, 211Bushire, 152, 242, 256, 349, 351,

353, 354, 366, 370, 372

CCairo, 51, 89, 95, 203–205,

366Calamba, 340Calcutta, 229, 230, 232, 235, 237,

243, 269Calicut, 81, 85, 86, 88, 203Cambay, 201, 358Cambodia, 22, 210, 213, 326Canada, viiCanton, 5, 36, 38, 39, 45, 183,

235, 259, 260, 265, 268–270, 273, 275, 276, 320. See also Guangzhou

Castile, 326Cebu, 326Champa, 41, 119, 298, 304, 311Changle 長樂, 81Changsha 長沙, 46, 47, 129, 130,

146, 148, 153Chang’an 長安, 144, 181Chaul, 202Châu Thành 周城, 146, 149China

archaeology, 138, 139, 144–146, 157

cartography, 30, 59, 60commerce, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13–16,

21, 24, 26–31, 33, 34, 38–44, 50, 51, 54, 60–62, 64, 65, 69–72, 77, 110, 111,

PLACE INDEX 427

115, 123–125, 145, 157, 161–163, 165, 168, 169, 174–177, 208, 211, 259, 261, 264, 266, 267, 270, 273, 275, 283, 284, 295–298, 300, 307, 321, 326, 328, 331, 339, 341, 359, 364, 371

craft, 28, 51, 130, 133, 144culture, 301, 317, 346diplomacy, 28, 36, 37, 53, 58,

78, 80, 87, 90, 93–95, 123, 210–212, 260, 275, 276, 281

education, 311finance, 52geography, 53maritime exchange, 2, 11, 12, 24,

26–28, 31, 35, 52, 55, 56, 58–60, 68, 69, 72, 104, 106, 111, 314

military, 255opium, 14, 15, 228, 235politics, 6, 6, 7, 9–12, 28, 33, 34,

37, 38, 53–58, 63, 69–71, 74, 76, 78, 80–82, 122, 262, 299, 308, 315, 319, 321, 331, 334

religion, 24, 60, 63, 70, 74road networks, 12sea routes, vi, 12, 22, 23, 35, 44,

45, 48, 54, 57, 68, 70, 85, 99, 158, 166, 198, 201, 215, 284

shipbuilding, 25, 70, 112, 128slavery, 178, 179, 181, 182, 185,

189war, 14, 23, 36, 52, 57, 59, 61, 74,

279Chittagong, 198, 199, 209, 214Cirebon, 47, 161Cōḷa, 51, 209–212, 222, 298Cōḷamandalam, 212Comilla, 216Comoro Islands, 358Constantinople, 218

Coromandel, 23, 100, 197, 209, 212, 215

Cuba, 359

DDadu 大都, 65Daibul, 201Daman, 359, 362Danshui 淡水, 333Deccan, 196, 197Dehua 德化, 49Delhi, 357Devaparvata, 216Dhaka, 215Diu, 220, 361, 362Dong Si Mahasot, 158Dvārāvatī, 198

EEaster Island, 100East Frisia, 265–267Egypt, 64, 82, 88, 95, 170, 176, 193,

200, 203–206, 208, 218, 219, 221, 347, 349, 352, 357

Emden, 266England, 264, 285Erzerum, 248Ethiopia, 371, 372

FFārs, 35, 217, 245Fengkai 封開, 147Flanders, viiFoqi 佛齊, 29. See also Sanfoqi 三佛齊;

ŚrīvijayaFort Zeelandia, 328, 329, 333, 334,

339Foshiguo 佛逝國, 182. See also Sanfoqi

三佛齊; ŚrīvijayaFrance, 241, 275, 276, 285

428 PLACE INDEX

Frankfurt, 266Fujian 福建, 30, 34, 46, 49, 51, 66,

73, 151, 318–321, 323, 324, 331–334, 339

Funan 扶南, 22, 23, 29, 105, 108, 124

Fuzhou 福州, 149, 268, 270, 271

GGaoli 高麗, 30Gegesengqiguo 葛葛僧祇國, 182Georgia, 241Germany, 261, 263, 267Ghent, v, viiGhogha, 201Ǧidda, 81–83, 87, 89Goa, 202, 203, 348, 361, 362, 366Gongxian 巩縣, 131, 134, 146Gopākapaṭṭana, 202Gothenburg, 265Great Britain

commerce, 242, 248, 250, 256, 265, 279, 281, 283, 368, 369

diplomacy, 72, 241, 243, 245, 247, 275, 276

military, 15, 240, 242, 256politics, 243, 247, 249, 250

Guanchong 官沖, 147Guangdong 廣東, 41, 46, 48, 51, 122,

130, 139, 145, 147, 153, 155, 185, 314

Guangxi 廣西, 32, 41, 139Guangzhou 廣州

archaeology, 25, 129, 130, 145cartography, 31commerce, 5, 26, 33, 40–43, 46,

47, 67, 122, 177, 185, 295–297, 300–303, 307, 310, 314

diplomacy, 36education, 307, 308food, 303, 304maritime exchange, 12

migration, 16politics, 308–310, 315religion, 40, 301, 304–306, 313sea routes, 30, 37, 60slavery, 14, 182–185war, 40, 297

Gujarat, 196, 200–202, 220, 223, 307, 357, 359

Gurjara, 208

HḤaḍramawt, 12, 344, 352, 356Haicheng 海澄, 332Hainan 海南, 48, 309Hakata 博多, 42Hama, 205Hamburg, 260, 261, 263–266,

268–271, 276, 277, 281, 284Hangzhou 杭州, 41, 42, 65, 129, 295,

305, 306Hanoi, 296Hastakavapra (Hatab), 196Heijōkyō 平城京, 149Hejiacun 何家村, 139, 140Heling 訶陵, 180Henan 河南, 134, 135, 142Hepu 合浦, 22Herāt, 246, 247Hijaz, 347, 360Hindustan, 283Hirado 平戸, 333, 335, 336Hong Kong, 15, 270–272,

274–276Hoomun-Chae, 275Hormuz, 60, 67, 80, 82, 83, 85, 91,

92, 200, 201, 203, 217, 220, 221, 356

Horn of Africa, 174, 196Hudayda, 350Hugli, 230Hunan 湖南, 46, 129Hutian 湖田, 49

PLACE INDEX 429

IIlaṅgasoka, 211India

archaeology, 22, 103, 105, 112, 154architecture, 105commerce, 5, 22, 27, 40, 51, 61,

64, 104, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 123, 124, 126, 173, 174, 200, 206, 208, 216, 217, 219, 221, 262, 266–269, 271, 283, 295, 296, 298, 349, 350, 358–360, 363, 367–369, 371, 372

culture, 101–103, 345diplomacy, 36, 37, 87flora, 105maritime exchange, 104, 120migration, 357, 373military, 373opium, 14, 227, 230, 235politics, vi, 209, 212, 219, 241–

243, 246–248, 253, 255, 345, 364

religion, 24sea routes, 23, 44, 72, 85, 89, 166,

204, 217shipbuilding, 128war, 242

Indonesia, 45, 104, 106, 109–111, 228

Iranagriculture, 357archaeology, 148, 152, 156commerce, 146, 221, 250, 366, 369diplomacy, 243, 245finance, 255migration, 357military, 15, 240–242, 244,

254–256politics, 55, 241–244, 249, 299,

346, 354slavery, 180war, 61, 345

Iraq, 35, 82, 146, 149, 158, 357, 366, 373

Isfahan, 348, 366Istanbul, 358Isthmus of Kra, 23Italy, 266

JJapan

archaeology, 149, 151commerce, 5, 42, 45, 262, 268,

272, 273, 283, 295, 296, 331, 334

culture, 346diplomacy, 260, 271, 284, 320military, 255politics, 58sea routes, 283, 332

Java, 108, 110, 111, 119, 129, 149, 161, 180, 181, 216, 329, 346

Jedda, 344, 348, 349, 352, 363, 366, 372

Jiangsu 江蘇, 131Jiangxi 江西, 49Jiankang 建康, 124Jiaozhi 交阯, 296, 302Jilong 基隆, 333Jingdezhen 景德鎮, 49, 51Jinmen 金門, 339

KKākatīya kingdom, 214Kalāh, 35, 36, 41, 297Kalinga, 180Kaliṅganagara, 199Kalliena, 196Kāmarūpa, 214Kanara, 208, 348, 349Kandiyur, 207Karnataka, 197, 210Kathiawad, 196, 201, 220

430 PLACE INDEX

Kāverīpaṭṭinam, 197, 209Kedah, 41, 211Kerala, 114, 203, 207, 210, 213, 222,

371Kerman, 350Khao Sam Kaeo, 107, 108Khārg Island, 246, 356Khism, 356Khisn, 354Kilwa, 360, 371Kish, 203, 217Konkan, 196, 197, 200, 202, 203,

208, 220, 222Korea, 23, 26, 42, 295, 296Kozhikode, 371Kra Buri, 23Kua Bua, 157, 158Kulam, 207Kung/Lingeh, 348Kunlun cengqi 崑崙層期, 186Kutch Mandvi, 361Kuwait, 348, 351, 352, 354, 355,

373

LLaem Po, 47Lahaj, 368Laḥiǧ, 83Lancashire, 372Langyaxiu/Langkasuka, 124Lar, 350Lasa, 80, 81, 91, 92Leipzig, 350Levant, 82, 221Liaoluo 料羅 Bay, 339Lingeh, 350Lingnan 嶺南, 34Lisbon, 333Liujiagang 劉家港, 81Livorno, 266

Lohāṭagrāma, 196London, 165, 235, 242–245, 247, 248,

252, 256, 257, 283, 363, 366Longquan 龍泉, 49, 51Lopburi, 157Luoyang 洛陽, 142Luzon 呂宋, 100, 149, 320, 321, 325,

327, 331, 332

MMa’abar, 58, 215Macao 澳門, 319, 320, 326, 331, 332,

336–338, 341Madagascar, 45, 100, 113, 115, 175,

307, 358Madrid, 340Maghreb, 204Mainamati-Lalmai, 216Majapahit, 113Majunga, 358Makassar, 359Malabar, 197, 202–207, 213, 218,

220, 344, 359Malacca, 326, 358Mālāiyur, 211Malay Archipelago, 40, 41Malay Peninsula, 23, 41, 113, 198,

199, 211, 297Malāyu/Jambi, 29Maldives, 114, 128, 215, 220Malindi, 5Malwa, 15, 227Mamsa, 205Manchester, 369, 372Mangalore, 204, 205Mangalur, 348Manila, 16, 268, 269, 318–342Māpappallam, 211Mapungubwe, 167Marottam/Mantai, 213

PLACE INDEX 431

Marseille, 366Marv, 246Mauritius, 373Mayuraḍiṅgam, 211Mecca, 81, 83, 86–89, 91, 92, 95,

349Mecklenburg, 273Mekong Delta, 105, 108, 109Melakka, 5Meviliṅgbaṅgam, 211Mingzhou (Ningbo), 39Mingzhou 明州, 295, 306Min 閩 (910–946), 46, 150, 297Misr/Masr, 204Mokpo, 42Moluccas, 111, 326, 335Mombasa, 372Mongolia, 57, 71Morocco, 205Motuppalli, 213, 214Mozambique, 174, 359, 360, 362Mukalla, 354–356Mukhalingam, 199Mukka, 348, 349, 353, 355, 357,

359, 363, 368, 369Mulanpi 木蘭皮, 31Mumbai, 196, 197Muscat, 310, 347–353, 355, 358,

369, 371, 372Musi-Banyuasin, 108Muziris, 196Myanmar, 23, 211

NNāgapaṭṭinam, 209, 212, 222Nagapura, 202Nagasaki 長崎, 272, 326, 336Nakhon Pathom, 157, 158Nanfan 南番, 31

Nanjing 南京, 84, 85, 124Nanyang 南洋, 180NanYue 南粵, 23, 25, 298Nara, 149, 151Naswa, 347Netherlands, 265, 279, 281, 366New Guinea, 110Newshang, 270, 271New Spain, 341Nicobar Islands, 211Ningbo, 122, 130, 275, 306Nishapur, 135Noakhali, 216Noakhali-Comilla, 198

OOc Eo, 22, 105, 109Oldenburg, 273Oman, 35, 41, 80, 128, 174,

346–349, 354, 355, 359, 369

Orissa, 208Ostend, 266

PPagan, 213Paharpur, 216Pakistan, 148, 201Pala, 216Palembang, 29, 149, 159, 181, 199,

211Pampanga, 318, 325Patna, 229–232, 236Pattanam, 197Pegu, 100Pemba, 44Persia, 175, 179, 244, 246–249, 251,

253, 254, 256, 344

432 PLACE INDEX

Phang Nga, 47Philippines, 16, 71, 149, 268, 269,

319, 321–323, 329–331, 333, 334, 338, 340, 341

Phnam, 22Phulwari, 237Plassey, 228Pong Tuek, 157Ponnani, 211Portugal, 326, 360Prussia, 263, 265, 277, 350Pune, 358Purbandar, 361Puri, 197

QQadan, 174Qais (Kīsh), 64Quanbalu, 44Quảng Ngãi 廣義, 47, 146Quanzhou 泉州

archaeology, 48, 49, 161cartography, 30, 31commerce, 30, 39, 41, 42, 67,

122, 173, 185, 295–297, 299, 306, 307, 309–311, 314, 332, 334

education, 307maritime exchange, 12migration, 16piracy, 335politics, 65, 299, 309, 311, 312,

315religion, 305, 306, 313, 315sea routes, 60, 65slavery, 14, 185war, 299, 300

Quemoy, 339Quilon, 58, 67, 203, 207, 208, 220Qus, 203

RRajhasthan, 357Rhode Island, 254Rig, 351Rishabhr, 148Rotterdam, 266Russia, 241, 243, 253, 276Ryūkyū 琉球 Islands, 296

SSahara, 359Saimur, 222Samandar/Sudkawan, 214–216Samarqand, 35Samarra, 134, 152, 158Samataṭa, 198, 199, 216Samuderapasai, 213Samut Sakkon, 122, 125Sandwip Island, 215Sanfoqi 三佛齊 (= Śrīvijaya), 29, 30Sanjan, 202Sa’na, 352, 353, 363Shaanxi 陝西, 139, 157Shakavati, 357Shandong 山東, 23Shanghai 上海, 268, 270, 272, 273,

275, 278Shihr, 217Shiraz, 350, 353, 354Siam, 260, 326, 346Sibor, 196Sijilmasa, 205Sindan, 222Singapore, 15, 111, 260, 268, 269,

271, 272, 325, 361, 369Sīrāf, 5, 35, 41, 44, 146, 148, 152,

158, 200Si Thep, 157Socotra, 196, 202, 220Sofala, 174, 175

PLACE INDEX 433

Somalia, 170, 174, 372Somaliland, 189Somanātha, 201, 202, 222Sonargaon, 215Songkhla-Pattani, 124Sopara, 202Souppara, 196Spain, 31Spanish Netherlands, 265, 266Sri Lanka, 23, 26, 31, 123, 129, 148,

159, 194, 198, 206, 210, 211, 213, 217

Śrīvijaya, 29, 30, 41, 46, 113, 118, 129, 159, 180, 181, 198, 199, 210, 211, 298, 304, 306

Stambhatīrtha, 201Stockholm, 265Suez, 358Suez Canal, 250, 256, 344Suhar, 350, 351Sumatra, 23, 45, 108, 111, 113, 129,

149, 160, 181, 198, 199, 211, 213, 228

Surat, 344, 358, 359, 370Suratthani, 47Swahili Coast, 80, 356, 358, 360, 372,

373Swiss Confederation, 272Sylhet, 214Syria, 64, 205, 352

TTabrīz, 242, 244–246, 248, 257Taishan 台山, 48Taiwan 臺灣, 108, 319, 320, 323–

326, 328, 329, 332–334, 339Takua-pa, 211Tal-i Sabz, 148Tamil Nadu, 197, 210

Tāmralipta, 198, 199, 214Tanzania, 153Ta’izz, 85, 88, 94Tehran, 244–246, 251, 253, 348,

366Tellicherry, 358Telugu, 208Ternate, 335Thailand, 41, 47, 106, 122, 125, 146,

157, 198, 211Thana, 202, 220, 222Tianzhu 天竺 (i.e. India), 30Tibet, 216Tientsin, 274Timor, 111Tōbō 唐坊, 42Torkamānchāi, 244Trabzon, 245–248, 257Transcaucasia, 241Trebizond, 245Trieste, 266Tripura, 216Tuman, 157Tungtuk, 47Tunisia, 203

UUbulla, 35Unguja Ukuu, 153United Kingdom, 370United States, 239, 240, 250, 251,

254, 256, 275, 276, 279, 285, 359, 371, 372

U Thong, 157, 158

VValabhi, 196Valaippanduru, 211Varochu, 211

434 PLACE INDEX

Vengi, 212Vienna, 243Vietnam, 22, 23, 26, 41, 48, 108,

146, 151Vijayadurg, 371Viśākhapaṭṭanam, 212, 213

WWarangal, 214

XXiamen 廈門, 332, 337, 339, 341Xinghua 興化, 30Xi’an 西安, 139, 144, 145, 157Xuwen 徐聞, 22

YYangzhou 揚州, 5, 33, 34, 41, 42, 45,

122, 131, 135, 138, 144, 145, 295–297, 306

Yemen, 7, 12, 80, 85, 87–89, 94, 128, 347, 348, 352, 354, 355, 357, 359, 369

Yokohama 横浜, 260, 272, 283Yue 越, 47Yuegang 月港, 332Yunnan 雲南, 110, 122

ZZanzibar, 5, 44, 153, 176, 189, 201,

347, 355, 359–361, 371Zhanbei 占卑, 29Zhancheng 占城, 41Zhangzhou 漳州, 332, 334Zhejiang, 47, 49, 66, 122, 130Zhigu 直沽, 65Zhunian 注辇, 31Zimbabwe, 174Ẓufār, 80, 81, 91, 92


SuBject index

A‘Abbāsid Caliphate (750–1258), 27,

28, 200, 296, 298Arab and Persian communities, 40Arabic sources, 80–82, 88, 90, 95,

124, 145Arab merchants, 4, 13, 28, 48, 185, 369archaeological evidence, 11–13, 22,

25, 42, 45, 50, 54, 112, 114, 193archaeology, 4, 32, 51, 101, 103, 117,

120arms manufacturers, 240, 250, 253, 255Austrian East Indian Company, 266Ayyavole merchant guild, 210

BBank of Hindustan, China and Japan,

283British East India Company, 15, 17,

193, 228, 231, 234, 259, 266, 279, 359, 363, 364, 366, 368

British Empire, 10, 11, 17, 282, 345, 361

British Navigation Acts, 264, 281, 282Buddhism, 24, 29, 40, 216, 305Byzantine Empire (395–1453), 221.

See also Eastern Roman Empire

CCairo Geniza documents, 195, 200,

202–204, 206, 207, 217, 222Chartered Mercantile Bank of India,

London & China, 283Chinese communities, 321, 323, 325,

328–330, 338, 339Chineseness, 313, 314coastal trading, 280colonial products, 263commercial and urban development, 24commercial connections, 12, 58, 77, 336commodities

agate, 184aloe, 44amber, 92ambergris, 45, 172aromatics, 12, 14, 28, 52

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97667-9

436 SUBJECT INDEX

brass, 49, 176bronze, 51, 109, 137camphor, 44, 151, 208, 211, 303celadon, 46, 167ceramics, 13, 14, 28, 43, 45–47,

49–51, 108, 116, 124, 129, 131, 132, 137, 146, 149, 151, 155, 161, 162, 201

cinnamon, 44, 206, 217copper, 50–52, 178, 217cotton, 106, 107, 235, 344, 359,

368, 369dates, 351, 365elephant tusks, 171, 172, 176, 189gems, 92glass, 47, 108, 109, 115gold, 49, 50, 91, 116, 139–141,

144, 154, 173–176, 207, 217, 304, 321

grain, 65, 91, 310, 349, 351, 356horses, 8, 92, 123, 208, 217, 218,

253, 351incense, 12, 30, 51, 80, 88, 92,

178, 351iron, 49, 51, 91, 176, 207ivory, 14, 45, 146, 151, 172–174,

178, 184, 369, 371jade, 33, 92, 176lead, 145medicinals, 12, 28, 68, 176musk, 44, 91, 303opium, 14, 15, 227–238, 359pearls, 33, 92, 123, 176, 184pepper, 91, 107, 184, 205, 206,

219, 359, 371porcelains, 46, 49, 68, 91, 167,

176, 264pottery, 47, 108, 320precious stones, 60, 108, 219rhinoceros horns, 172, 176, 178,

184, 189, 214rice, 75, 91, 215, 341, 348, 349sheep, 355, 365

silk, 28, 44, 51, 91, 124, 161, 176, 179, 217, 219, 272, 283, 319, 320

silver, 47, 50, 52, 72, 91, 139, 141, 142, 144, 176, 217, 304, 319–322, 331, 334, 341

slaves, 14, 40, 44, 45, 177–185, 187–189, 301, 349, 355, 359, 360, 367

spices, 12, 14, 28, 60, 68, 110, 111, 116, 161, 173, 174, 176, 205, 219, 320, 321

stoneware, 46, 47, 129, 137, 147, 157textiles, 43, 51, 91, 93, 107, 116,

206, 215, 360, 369, 372tin, 108, 110, 116tobacco, 360, 365tortoise-shells, 45, 178, 184

commodity exchange, 12, 80, 90country trade, 17, 362–364currency

bronze coins, 49, 52coins, 25, 46, 47, 50, 167, 189,

196, 197, 208copper coins, 51cowry shells, 215gold coins, 218lead coins, 47, 148Maria Theresa Thaler, 359silver coins, 72, 216silver ingots, 46, 47, 50, 138, 161

DDanish East India Company, 265diaspora, 16, 39, 45, 296, 300, 319,

320, 323, 324, 326, 328, 332, 333, 339

disease-environments, 349Dutch East India Company, 193, 230,

324, 329, 339duties, 9, 213, 276, 279, 280, 282,

292, 364

SUBJECT INDEX 437

Eepidemics, 349

FFamen Temple, 140Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171), 200,

203fleets, 7, 13, 23, 80, 82, 85, 87, 89,

95, 100, 210, 211, 220–222, 246, 332, 334, 336, 339, 344, 367, 369

foreign countries, 10, 30–32, 37, 49, 61, 65, 67–69

foreign maritime merchants, 16, 295

French East India Company, 193

GGerman and Swiss trading companies,

271, 272, 291German merchants, 259–261, 267,

268, 272, 274, 280global economy, vi, 1, 3governmental policies,

64, 69, 70

HHamburg merchants, 264, 265, 269,

277Han 漢 dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE),

22, 50Hanseatic merchants, 263, 264human movements, 11

IIl-Khanate, 55, 58, 66Imperial Bank of Persia, 252, 255Imperial Ostend Company, 265

Indianization, 101, 102, 104, 105, 117, 119

Indian Ocean macro-region, 3inscriptions, 49, 51, 102, 103, 119,

155, 195–197, 201, 202, 210, 212, 213

Arabic, 148, 222, 305Balinese, 115Bangladeshi, 208Chinese, 81, 155, 315Gaṇapatii, 213Indic, 195Jiangxin, 138Kanarese, 204Konkan, 202Old Malay, 118Old Mon, 114Pahlavi, 156, 157Sanskrit, 104, 118, 202, 216,

222Silahara, 202Tamil, 211Vietnamese, 151

Islamic world, 12, 41, 59, 60, 68

KKhitan 契丹 Liao Dynasty 遼 (907–

1125), 38Korean communities, 39, 295

Llegal and illegal (contraband) private

and official exchanges, 11

MMamlūk Sultanate (1250–1517),

218Manila Galleon, 319, 321, 331, 341maps, 30, 32, 59, 60, 73, 135

438 SUBJECT INDEX

maritime commerce, 1, 3, 26–29, 35, 37, 50, 54, 64, 207, 221, 298

maritime trade, 4, 8, 9, 12, 24, 31–35, 38–40, 42, 46, 48, 51, 52, 54–58, 60–62, 64, 65, 67, 70, 71, 75, 77, 100, 104, 108, 193, 200, 201, 206, 207, 210, 220, 240, 284, 297–299, 306, 310, 320, 321, 324, 365, 366

Maritime Trade Office, 38, 39Maritime Trade Superintendencies, 38,

297, 298mercantile networks, 1, 191, 333merchant communities, 16, 40, 296,

306, 310, 314, 319, 324merchant networks, 39, 42, 63, 333migratory population, 355migratory process, 319, 320, 328, 333military

arms technologies, 239, 240, 250, 254, 256

arms transfer, 15, 240, 241, 243, 248, 249, 251, 256, 257

Martini-Peabody rifles, 241, 251, 252, 254

Qājār military system, 255Mongol Empire (c. 1206–1368), 55,

57, 72, 77monopoly, 7, 15, 34, 229–231,

233–238, 326, 332monsoon, vi, 82, 85, 89, 166, 191,

192, 194, 321, 358Mughal Empire (1526–1540; 1555–

1857), 345Muslim communities, 63, 299, 300

NNalanda Monastery, 216Nan Han 南漢 (917–971), 46Nanzhao 南詔 Kingdom (738–937),

36, 38national and international markets, 228naval expeditions, 9, 169

OOriental Bank Corporation, 283Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–

1922/1923), 221, 243, 255, 360, 365, 369, 373

PPandyan Empire (300 BCE–1650

CE), 217piracy, 8, 213, 278, 326, 331, 367Portuguese Empire (c. 1415–

1808/1999), 323Prussian East Asian Expedition, 260,

270, 277, 278

RRoman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE;

395–476/480, Western; 395–1453, Eastern, also Byzantine Empire), 22, 193, 197

Royal Prussian Asian Trading Company, 266

Russian Empire (1721–1917), 241

SSafavid Dynasty (1501–1736), 347,

352Safavid Empire, 360. See also Safavid

DynastySaidaiji 西大寺 temple, 149seafaring, vi, 22, 28, 100, 166, 177,

191, 194, 195, 203, 208, 222shipping

Arab dhow, 39, 45, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129, 157, 163

Arab shipbuilding tradition, 129Belitung shipwreck, 14, 45,

128–131, 134, 137, 145, 146, 148, 149, 161, 162, 201

Châu Thành shipwreck, 14, 47merchant junks, 25

SUBJECT INDEX 439

Phanom Surin shipwreck, 125, 126, 128, 146, 152, 154, 157, 159–162

shipmasters, 13, 118, 119ship-owners, 195, 204, 207, 211,

355shipwreck archaeology, 6, 195

shrines, 210–212Sino-Islamic maritime contacts, 12Somapuravihāra Monastery, 216Southern Han, 297. See also Nan HanSpanish Empire (1492–1808/1975),

323spread of religions, 1, 11staple commodities, 107, 175staple markets, 351Swedish East India Company, 265

TTangut Xixia 西夏 Dynasty (1038–

1227), 36, 38technological transfers, 11, 109, 112,

114, 115temples, 102, 104, 209, 357Tianfei 天妃 temples, 81Tientsin Treaty, 270, 273, 274, 276tombstones, 42tribute system, 9, 70, 90, 161

UUmayyad Caliphate (660–750), 181

VVikramasīla Monastery, 216

Wwars

American Civil War, 344Arrow War, 268Franco-Prussian War, 285Omani Civil War, 347, 348, 355,

369Opium Wars, 10, 14, 16, 74–76,

268, 269, 275, 281, 283Russo-Iranian War, 241, 243Russo-Turkish War, 254Seven Years’ War, 267War of Spanish Succession, 265World War I, 365

WuYue 吳越 (907–978), 47

YYuan 元 dynasty (1279–1367), 12, 55,

56, 59, 60, 63, 66, 68–70, 74, 76, 77, 168, 173