general nokia bss parameters.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
26th of March 2003 - Jeddah
GENERAL NOKIA BSS GENERAL NOKIA BSS PARAMETERSPARAMETERS
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
RADIO NETWORK BSS PARAMETERS
BSC Parameters (BSC)
BCF Parameters (BCF)
BTS Parameters (BTS)
Handover Control Parameters (HOC)
Power Control Parameters (POC)
Adjacency Parameters (ADJE)
Transceiver Parameters (TRX)
BA List (BAL)
MA List (MAL)
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
0 7
ts0=bcch/pch/agchts1=sdcch/8
0 7
ts0=bch/sdcch/4/pch/agch
Combined Configuration Time slot 0 contains 1 BCCH, 3 CCCH and 4 SDCCH
0 7
ts0=bcch/pch/agch/sdcch/4
ts1=sdcch/8
Non-Combined Configuration Time slot 0 contains 1 BCCH, 9 CCCH Time Slot x (<>0 of BCCH TRX) contains 8 SDCCH
Hybrid Configuration Time slot 0 contains 1 BCCH, 3 CCCH, and 4 SDCCHTime Slot x (<>0 of BCCH TRX) contains additional 8 SDCCH
Configuration of Signalling Channels
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
r r rr r r r fr rr r r r r r rr r r rr fr r r r r rr r r r fr r r r rr r r rr fr r r r rr r rr
Uplink
f s bb bb c fc fc sc c c c cc c c fc fsc c c c cc c c f fc c cc cc c c fs fc c cc cc c cs
Downlink 51 TDMA frames = 235ms
r
Time Slot 0
CHANNELS f = FCCH b = BCCH r = RACH s = SCH/SACCH c = CCCH t = SDCCH/4
Non-Combined ConfigurationBCCH/CCCH Multiframe
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
CHANNELS t = SDCCH/8 s = SACCH/8
t t tt t t t ft tt t t t t t tt t t tt ft t t t t tt t t t fs s s s ss s ss fss ss ss
ss ss s ss fs ss s t tt t t ts ft t t t t tt t t t ft t t t tt t t tt ft t t t tt t tt
Downlink
Uplink
t
t
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
s
1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8.4.
Time Slot 1
Non-Combined SDCCH/8 Multiframe
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
CCCH Configuration
• Number of 51 TDMA frame multiframes (2..9) between transmissions of Paging_Request messages to mobiles of the same paging group.
Page / group every (2 ... 9) * 235 ms = 0.47 ... 2.115 s
• If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant =0 then AGCH messages would have priority over PCH messages.
• If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant <> 0 then PCH messages would have priority over AGCH messages .
Capacity can be dynamically shared between PCH and AGCH
numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant Parameter
number of Multiframes Between Paging
• Affects ; • Battery Consumption of the Mobile Station• Speed of Call Setups
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Parameters Related to Signalling
Maximum number of RACH sent by the MS = 1 + maxNumberOfRetransmission
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueAGCH and Paging channels noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging 2 ... 9 4 1 : 1 4
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell / System Access and RACH maxNumberRetransmission 1, 2, 4 or 7 4 1 : 1 4
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 3...12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50 13 13 -> 25 25msMaxDistanceInCallSetup 0 ... 255 255 0..255 (x550m) 255emergencyCallRestricted Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
TRX Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation Value
Logical Channel Combination chType 0 . . . 9 Plan
TCHF (0) TCHH (1) TCHD (2) SDCCH (3) MBCCH (4) MBCCHC (5) MBCCB (7) SDCCB (8)
NotUsed (9) E-RACH (10)
Plan
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Idle Mode Controls
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell access, reselection cellReselectHysteresis 0 ... 14 3 2*(DB value) 6 dB
cellBarred Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NonotAllowedAccessClasses 0...9, 11...15 0 list No ClassesplmnPermittedNCC1…7 Y / N 1 1 : 1 All NCCs per.
Extended Cell Radius radiusExtension 0 ... 67 0 1 : 1 Ordinary cell
plmnPermitted : This parameter is confusing. It’s not used for network selection. It’s used AFTER a network has been selected so that only measurements from one/defined PLMN are reportednotAllowedAccessClasses : Mobile Subscribers are uniformly distributed among 10 "access classes" coded 0 … 9. This information is stored in the SIM. To control the load of the RACH the operator can forbid some classes to access the cell. Additional VIP classes are coded between 11 and 15.radiusExtension : The parameter defines cell radius extension of the Improved solution for Extended cell radius.
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Cell Selection in idle mode
• Radio Criteria
C1 = (A - Max(B,0))
• A = Received Level Average - p1
• B = p2 - Maximum RF Output Power of the Mobile Station
• p1 = rxLevelAccessMin Min. received level at the MS required for access to the system
• p2 = msTxPowerMaxCCH Max. Tx power level an MS may use when accessing the system
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell Selection rxLevAccessMin -110 ... -47 8 (DB value) -110 -102 dBm
msTxPwrMaxCCH *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value) 33 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCCH *DCS* 0 ... 30 0 30 -2*(DB value) 30 dBm
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Cell Re-Selection in idle mode
Normally the cell re-selection is harmless in terms of signalling from the point of view of the Network.
However when the process involves a change in the Location Area the MS will recognize the need for
Location Update. To avoid ping pong effects on the border of a Location Area, an hysteresis is introduced.
A = 4 dB
B = 6 dB
C = 8 dB• A B C • 1 2
1
2
MS Moving
A B C
LA1 LA2
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell access, reselection cellReselectHysteresis 0 ... 14 3 2*(DB value) 6 dB
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
BCCH
BCCH
fast moving mobile
slow moving mobile
time
microcell
macrocell
cell attractiveness
Cell Reselection with C2 - 1
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Cell Reselection with C2 - 2
cellReselectParamInd Y C2 reselection parameters are broadcast N C2 reselection parameters are not broadcast
C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T) <= penaltyTime < 640
C2 =C1 - cellReselectOffset ………………………………………….. <= penaltyTime = 640
1 when T < = penaltyTime H(x) =
0 when T > penaltyTime
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueC2 Reselection cellReselectParamInd Y / N 0 Yes (1), No (0) N
cellReselectOffset 0 ... 126 0 2*(DB value) 0 dBpenaltyTime 20 ... 640 1 20*(DB value) 20 sectemporaryOffset 0 ... 70 0 10*(DB value) 0
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Cell Reselection with C2 - 3
timepenaltyTime
C1
cellReselectOffset
cellReselectOffset
C2
C2
temporaryOffset
dBC2 when penaltyTime = 640C2 when penaltyTime < 640
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Location Update
• MS => MSC / VLR
• Mobile Station switched ON• No IMSI Attach / Detach• Same Location Area => No Location Update• Different Location Area => Location Update
• Change of the Location Area• Location Area under the same MSC / VLR• Location Area under another MSC /VLR => HLR will be updated
• Time Periodic (MS -> MSC/VLR)
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueLocation updates allowIMSIAttachDetach Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) Yes
timerPeriodicUpdateMS 0 / 0.1 ... 25.5 40 (DB value / 10) 4 hours
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
0 7-110-105-100-95-90
-47
1 2 3 4 5 6
rxLevUL = -75 dBm B5
B0
B4B3
B1B2
Idle Channel Interference • The BTS measures and reports on the uplink interference of the radio channels which have been idle during the whole measurement period. • Idle TCH’s are classified into five interference classes• RR Management algorithm assigns a channel from the lowest possible interference class
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueInterference processing interferenceAveragingProcess 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
boundary0 -110 … FIXED 0 (DB value) -110 -110 dBmboundary1 -110 ... -47 8 (DB value) -110 -102 dBmboundary2 -110 ... -47 13 (DB value) -110 -97 dBmboundary3 -110 ... -47 18 (DB value) -110 -92 dBmboundary4 -110 ... -47 25 (DB value) -110 -85 dBmboundary5 -47 … FIXED 63 (DB value) -110 -47 dBmcnThreshold 0 ... 63 0 1 : 1 Disabled
=> TS4 will be selected!
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
TRX Prioritization in TCH Allocation• Normal practice
• TCHs in the lowest Interference Band are considered• TCH is selected from the TRX with lowest traffic load• Rotation of resources in TCH allocation
• TRX Prioritisation in TCH Allocation• BTS Parameter trxPriorityInTCHAlloc
• 0 No prioritization is determined between TRXs • 1 Traffic channel shall be allocated primarily from the BCCH TRX • 2 Traffic channel shall be allocated primarily beyond the BCCH TRX
• The advantages of using the BCCH carrier :• It would not increase interference in the network• BCCH channels are planned to be the least interfered one
• The advantage of using the TCH TRX :• The hopping gain
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation Value
BCCH TRX Channel Allocation trxPriorityInTCHAlloc 0 ... 2 01-BCCH, 2-
beyond BCCH No Priority
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Frequency Hopping Parameters - 1
btsIsHopping BB (BaseBand Hopping) HoppingMode RF (Radio Frequency Hopping) N (No Hopping)
MA = Mobile AllocationMAIO = Mobile Allocation Index OffsetHSN = Hopping Sequence Number
General Parameters
Baseband Hopping
hoppingSequenceNumber1 (HSN1) (TS 0) 0 ... 63 (0 = cyclic, 1 ... 63 = pseudorandom)
hoppingSequenceNumber2 (HSN2) (TS 1 ... 7) 0 ... 63 (0 = cyclic, 1 ... 63 = pseudorandom)
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 72 TS
TRX 4
B f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
HSN1 HSN2
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
RF ( Synthesized Hopping)
mobileAllocationList (MA) (E)GSM: 1..124 and 975..1023 GSM 1800: 512..885 GSM 1900: 512..810
Note! Max. 63 Frequencies
mobileAllocationId usedMobileAllocation hoppingSequenceNumber1 (HSN1) 0 … 63 (0 = cyclic, 1 ... 63 = pseudorandom)
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 72 TS
TRX 4
B f 1
MA
L(f
3,f
4..
fn)
HSN1
Frequency Hopping Parameters - 2
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Frequency Hopping Parameters - 3MAIO
-
0
1
2
-
3
4
5
-
6
7
8
BTS-3
BTS-2
BTS-1
(sect
or
3)
(sect
or
2)
(sect
or
1) f1
f2
f3
f4f5f6f7f8f9f10f11f12
MAIO offset
0
3
6
HSN
3
3
3
TRX-1 BCCH
TRX-2 TCH
TRX-3 TCH
TRX-4 TCH
TRX-5 BCCH
TRX-6 TCH
TRX-7 TCH
TRX-8 TCH
TRX-9 BCCH
TRX-10 TCH
TRX-11 TCH
TRX-12 TCH
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Directed Retry (DR) - 1
Time
AssignmentRequest
minTimeLimitDR
maxTimeLimitDR
DR not allowed : improves the reliability of the measurements of adjacent cells and gives the queuing process timeDR allowed
• DR used to avoid the loss of a call in call-setup if the accessed cell is congested• When no TCH is available in serving cell, TCH can be allocated in an adjacent cell (SDCCH TCH HO)• Mobile Originated (MOC) and Mobile Terminated (MTC) Calls• Target cell entry based on DR Method;
• Method 0 - RxLevAccessMin• Method 1 - drThreshold
•Imperative Handover• Candidates ranked based on radio properties.• Steps through candidates (if congested) until MaxTimeLimitDR expires
• Queuing can take place in source cell, not in target cell.
SDCCHTCH
congested
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Directed Retry (DR) – 2
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueDR and Intelligent DR drInUse Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) Yes
maxTimeLimitDirectedRetry 1 ... 15 5 1 : 1 5 secminTimeLimitDirectedRetry 0 ... 14 3 1 : 1 3 sec
drMethod 0 … 1 10-basic
1-threshold evaluated
Threshold Evaluated Method
BSC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueDirected Retry disableExtDr Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) Yes
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueDirected Retry drThreshold -47 ... -110 20 (DB value) -110 -90 dBm
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Dropped Call Control
Radio Link Timeout
• A counter is initialized at the value of the radioLinkTimeout
• When SACCH is not correctly received
• Counter decremented by 1
• When SACCH correctly received Counter incremented by 2
• When counter reaches 0 call is released
• Same behaviour UL and DL
Radio Link Timeout
• A counter is initialized at the value of the radioLinkTimeout
• When SACCH is not correctly received
• Counter decremented by 1
• When SACCH correctly received Counter incremented by 2
• When counter reaches 0 call is released
• Same behaviour UL and DL
Call re-establishment
• In case of a Radio Link Failure (radioLinkTimeout) within 20 seconds.
• Measurements averaged over 5 seconds for
serving Cell BCCHadjacent Cell BCCHs
• Strongest is consideredBCCH data decoded (cell selection param.)
If C1 greater than 0, Cell not barredCell belong to selected PLMN, Call re-establishment allowed
• Call re-establishment attempted
Call re-establishment
• In case of a Radio Link Failure (radioLinkTimeout) within 20 seconds.
• Measurements averaged over 5 seconds for
serving Cell BCCHadjacent Cell BCCHs
• Strongest is consideredBCCH data decoded (cell selection param.)
If C1 greater than 0, Cell not barredCell belong to selected PLMN, Call re-establishment allowed
• Call re-establishment attemptedBTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueDropped Call Control radioLinkTimeout 4 ... 64 4 4* (DB value + 1) 20 SACCH
callReestablishmentAllowed Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Indoor
Elevator
5. floor
1. floor
MS
radioLinkTimeout = 30 ?
radioLinkTimeout (default) = 20
Outdoor
MS
Tunnel (short)
Radio Link Timeout, Call Re-establishment
MS
Tunnel (long)
BTS A
BTS B
Unsuccessfull Handover=> Call Re-Establishment
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
MEASUREMENT PROCESSING
Measurements Measurements
BtsMeasAverage
AveragingWindow SizeAdjCellAllAdjacentCellsAveragedNumberOfZeroResults
AveragingAveraging
AveragingAveraging
BookkeepingBookkeeping
ho/pc_Averaging_Lev/Qual_UL/DLWindowSize
WeightmsDistanceAveragingParameter
WIndowSize
DTXMode
Measurements Measurements
Handover ?
EnaFastAveCallSetupEnaFastAvePCEnaFastAveHO
MS + BTS
MS
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Pre-processing in BTS
• For MS and BTS measurements
• Average measurements over 1, 2, 3 or 4 SACCH-period
• Cause a delay (btsMeasAver-1) x 480 ms
• Reduce a transmission load and a processing load in BSC
• Needed in Abis interface when 16 kbit signalling is used with half rate . !
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueAveraging btsMeasAver 1 ... 4 1 1 : 1 No Averaging
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Averaging and Sampling
HoThresholdLevDL = 33 (= -77 dBm) WindowSize = 5, Weighting = 1Px = 3, Nx = 4btsMeasAver = 1 (no pre-processing in BTS)
30 2550 3545 40 1520 10
480 ms AVERAGE=40, P=0
AVERAGE=35, P=0
AVERAGE=30, P=1
AVERAGE=25, P=2
AVERAGE=20, P=3
Handover attempt
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueAveraging windows and weighting values hoAveragingLevDL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4
weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingLevUL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingQualDL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingQualUL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1weighting 1 ... 3 2 1 : 1 2msDistanceAveragingParam 1 ... 32 10 1 : 1 10msSpeedAveraging 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
AV_RXLEV_UL_PC = 2x35 + 1x42 + ... + 2x35 2+1+2+2+1+1+1+2
= 36
DTX and Weighting
• DTX is allowed just on TCH
• “SUB”- measurement results are reported when DTX is used
Sample: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DTX used:0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
uplink level: 35 42 33 36 39 40 39 35
Example
pcAveragingLevUL
windowSize= 8
weighting=2
BTS Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation Value
dtxMode 0 ... 2 10-May use DTX 1- Shall use DTX 2-Not use DTX
Shall use DTX
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Example
allAdjacentCellsAveraged = NonumberOfZeroResults = 2AveragingWindowSizeAdjCell = 8
Measurement Processing
• BSC is able to maintain up to 32 last measurement results of 32 adjacent cells
• Mobile reports to BSC 6 best results and the rest are 0 (= -110 dBm)
• Zero Results can be eliminated from averaging ( up to 7 )
• All adjacent cells can be averaged or just 6 best ( reported by the mobile )
Sample: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 -65 -67 -71 -69 -72 -70 -73 -712 -73 -75 -74 -75 -76 -77 -75 -773 -77 0 -80 -79 -81 -79 0 -804 -85 -83 -87 -88 -84 0 -86 -875 -90 -94 -91 -90 -95 -93 -92 -906 -97 -99 -98 -99 -96 -97 0 0
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueAveraging adjacent cells averagingWindowSizeAdjCell 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
numberOfZeroResults 0 ... 7 2 1 : 1 2allAdjacentCellsAveraged Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover Causes
Timing Advance
Adjacent Cells
Downlink Quality
Uplink Quality AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO
Downlink Level
Uplink Level AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RANGE_HO
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
QUALITY&
INTERFERENCE
QUALITY&
INTERFERENCE
LEVELLEVEL
DISTANCEDISTANCE
PERIODICCHECKS
UMBRELLAUMBRELLA
POWER BUDGETPOWER BUDGET
IMPERATIVE HOCHANNEL ADMINISTRATIONCHANNEL ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTED RETRYDIRECTED RETRY
THRESHOLD COMPARISON
RAPID FIELD DROPRAPID FIELD DROP
Others:
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Traffic Reason
……….
MS SPEEDMS SPEED
MS Speed AV_MS_SPEED
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover Decision & Priority
Handover priority
1. Uplink and downlink Interference2. Uplink quality3. Downlink quality4. Uplink level 5. Downlink level6. Distance7. Rapid Field Drop8. Slow moving MS9. Better cell i.e. Periodic check (Power Budget HO or Umbrella HO)10. PC: Lower quality/level thresholds (UL/DL)11. PC: Upper quality/level thresholds (UL/DL)
Handover process may be triggered by
• Quality, field strength or distance values fall below/exceed their threshold• Periodic checks
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Power Budget Handover
• Trigger
• Periodic Check ( hoPeriodPBGT )
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValuePeriodic Handovers hoPeriodPBGT 0 ... 63 2 1 : 1 2 SACCH HO types allowed enablePwrBudgetHandover Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) Yes
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueMargins hoMarginPBGT -24 ... 63 6 1 : 1 6 dB
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell area definition rxLevMinCell -110 ... -47 10 (DB value) -110 -100 dBm
msTxPwrMaxCell *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value) 33 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCell *DCS* 0 ... 36 0 30 -2*(DB value) 30 dBm
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover due to Level
• Trigger • Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsLevUL/DL (px - nx) )
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueThresholds hoThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 20 (DB value) -110 -90 dBm
px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1hoThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 17 (DB value) -110 -93 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueMargins hoMarginLev -24 ... 24 3 1 : 1 3 dB
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell area definition rxLevMinCell -110 ... -47 10 (DB value) -110 -100 dBm
msTxPwrMaxCell *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value) 33 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCell *DCS* 0 ... 36 0 30 -2*(DB value) 30 dBm
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover due to Quality• Trigger
• Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) )
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueHopping cells hoThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 5 1 : 1 5
px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Hopping cells hoThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 5 1 : 1 5px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Non-hopping cells hoThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 4 1 : 1 4px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Non-hopping cells hoThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 4 1 : 1 4px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueMargins hoMarginQual -24 ... 24 0 1 : 1 0 dB
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell area definition rxLevMinCell -110 ... -47 10 (DB value) -110 -100 dBm
msTxPwrMaxCell *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value) 33 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCell *DCS* 0 ... 36 0 30 -2*(DB value) 30 dBm
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover due to Interference (1)
• Trigger : Threshold Comparison • Threshold Comparison for Quality ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px - nx) )• Threshold Comparison for Level ( hoThresholdsInterferenceUL/DL (px -
nx) )
• Candidate Selection• Priority InterCell / Intracell selected at BSC independently UL / DL • Priority Inter
• Quality HO if Any Target • Otherwise Intra Cell HO
• Priority Inter• Intra Cell HO
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueHO types allowed enableIntraHoInterfUL Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
enableIntraHoInterfDL Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
BSC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueHandover hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL INTER / INTRA 0 Inter(0), Intra (1) INTER
hoPreferenceOrderInterfUL INTER / INTRA 0 Inter(0), Intra (1) INTER
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Handover due to Interference (2)
hoThresholdQualDL = 4hoThresholdInterferenceDL = -75 dBmhoPreferenceOrderInterfDL = intra
Handover Attempt
A
B
- Field strength higher than threshold- Bad quality=> interference=> intra cell handover !!
Threshold (Lev) -75 dBm
5
0
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValuehoThresholdsInterferenceDL -110 ... -47 35 (DB value) -110 -75 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1hoThresholdsInterferenceUL -110 ... -47 35 (DB value) -110 -75 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
Fast Moving MS Handling in Macro Cell
Adjacent cell layer definition
upper layer (macro)
same layer (serving layer)
lower layer (micro)
N (not in use)
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueFast Moving MS in macro cell hoLevelUmbrella -110 ... -47 Plan (DB value) -110 Plan
fastMovingThreshold 0 ... 255 Plan 1 : 1, 0: Not in use Plan
adjCellLayer N/SAME/LOWER/UPPER Plan
Not used (0) Same layer (1) Upper layer (2) Lower layer (3)
Plan
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
• 0 : Release immediately• 1 - 60 : Release after certain time 1 - 60 s, try handover during that time• 255 : No release, only imperative Handover attempt
Imperative Handover (Distance)
• The Handover is considered to be imperative:• Handover due to Distance• Order to empty a cell ( from O&M )• Directed Retry and IDR
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueenableMSDistanceProcess Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
HOC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValuemsDistanceHoThresholdParam 0 ... 63 63 1 : 1 63px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1
BSC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValuemsDistanceBehaviour 0 ... 60, 255 255 0, 1-60 sec., 255 No release
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
POWER CONTROL-1
Uplink Level
Uplink Quality AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC
AV_RXLEV_UL_PC
Downlink Level
Downlink Quality AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
AV_RXLEV_DL_PC
POWER CONTROL
UPLINK
POWER CONTROL
UPLINK
THRESHOLD COMPARISON
Separate Averaging Parameters
For Handover and for Power Control
POWER CONTROL
DOWNLINK
POWER CONTROL
DOWNLINK
PCINTERVAL
POC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueBTS power control powerCtrlEnabled Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) YesInterval powerControlInterval 0 ... 31 1 1 : 1 1 secStep sizes powerIncrStepsize 2,4 or 6 2 2 dB (0), 4dB (1), 6dB (2) 6 dB
powerRedStepsize 2 or 4 0 2dB (0), 4dB (1) 2 dB
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
POWER CONTROL-2POC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueThresholds pcLowerThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 23 DB value -110 -87 dBm
px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 20 DB value -110 -90 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcUpperThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 40 DB value -110 -70 dBmpx 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 3nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4pcUpperThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 40 DB value -110 -70 dBmpx 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 3nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4pcUpperThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 0 1 : 1 0px 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 32nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 32pcUpperThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 0 1 : 1 0px 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 32nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 32
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
POWER CONTROL-3
POC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueAveraging windows pcAveragingLevDL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4 SACCH
weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingLevUL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingQualDL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingQualUL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1
POC Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueBase station power range bsTxPwrMin 0 ... 30 7/Plan -2*(DB value) -14 dB
bsTxPwrMax 0 ... 30 0/Plan -2*(DB value) - 0 dB
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
State Diagram for HO and PC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7-102 -95 -90 -85 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50
PcUpperThresholdQualUL/DL (0)
HoThresholdQualUL/DL (4/5)
Power decreaseNoactionneeded
Interference HoQuality Ho
LevHo
PcLevUpperThresholdLevUL/DL(-70dBm)
HoThresholdLevDL(-90dBm)
PcLowerThresholdLevUL/DL(-87 / -90dBm)
HoThresholdInterferenceUL/DL(-75dBm)
PcLowerThresholdQualUL/DL (3)
HoThresholdLevUL (-93dBm)RxLevMinCell(n) (-100 dBm)
RxLevAccMin (-102 dBm)
Power increase
-100
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
BSC PARAMETERS
Group Explanation Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueCell Defination for gsmMacrocellThreshold 5 ... 43 2 43 - 2*(DB value) 39 dBmmultilayer network gsmMicrocellThreshold 5 ... 43 2 43 - 2*(DB value) 39 dBm dcsMacrocellThreshold 0 ... 36 2 30 - 2*(DB value) 26 dBm dcsMicrocellThreshold 0 ... 36 3 30 - 2*(DB value) 24 dBmMSC Ho Disable internal ho disableIntHo Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Number of preferred cells genHandoverRequestMessage 1 ... 16 6 1 : 1 6Directed Retry Disable external directed retry disableExtDr Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) YesHandover Ho Preference order Interference DL/UL hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL INTER / INTRA 0 Inter(0), Intra (1) INTER
hoPreferenceOrderInterfUL INTER / INTRA 0 Inter(0), Intra (1) INTERmsDistanceBehaviour 0 ... 60, 255 255 0, 1-60 sn., 255 No release
Uplink interference level calculations rxLevBalance 0 … 20 5 1 : 1 5 dBAdvanced Mulilayer Handling BSC TRHO, upper threshold for BTS load amhUpperLoadThreshold 0 … 100 80 1 : 1 80%
Dual Band/micro, lower thresh. for BTS load amhLowerLoadThreshold 0 … 100 20 1 : 1 20%BSC TRHO, max traffic load of an adj cell amhMaxLoadOfTargetCell 0 … 100 70 1 : 1 70%BSC TRHO, guard time for going back to org. cell amhTrhoGuardTime 0 … 120 30 1 : 1 30 sec.
Half Rate "Opt." Lower limit for FR TCH resources btsLoadDepTCHRate 0 ... 100 100 1 : 1 100%Upper limit for FR TCH resources btsLoadDepTCHRate 0 ... 100 0 1 : 1 0%Target cell and channel type selection tchRateInternalHO 1 .. 5 1 1 to 5 Actual Rate
General BSC Parameters
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General BTS Parameters-1 BTS PARAMETERS
Group Explanation Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation
BCCH TRX Channel Allocation TRX Priority in TCH Allocation trxPriorityInTCHAlloc 0 ... 2 01-BCCH, 2-beyond
BCCHnotAllowedAccessClasses 0...9, 11...15 0 list
Short Message Service Cell Broadcast smsCBUsed Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0)
Discontinuous Transmission dtxMode 0 ... 2 10-May use, 2-Not
use DTXDropped Call Control cellBarred Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0)
radioLinkTimeout 4 ... 64 4 4* (DB value + 1)Averaging btsMeasAver 1 ... 4 1 1 : 1AGCH and Paging channels Blocks for access grant, separated noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1
Number of multiframes between paging noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging 2 ... 9 4 1 : 1Location updates allowIMSIAttachDetach Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0)
Periodic MS location update timerPeriodicUpdateMS 0 / 0.1 ... 25.5 40 (DB value / 10)HO control process BTS load threshold btsLoadThreshold 0 ... 100 70 1 : 1
# of physical info messages during ho maxNumberOfRepetitions 5 ... 35 5 1 : 1Cell / System Access Rach controlling maxNumberRetransmission 1, 2, 4 or 7 4 1 : 1and RACH numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 3...12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 50 13 13 -> 25
msMaxDistanceInCallSetup 0 ... 255 255 0..255 (x550m)emergencyCallRestricted Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0)
Cell selection cellReselectHysteresis 0 ... 14 3 2*(DB value)and Reselection rxLevAccessMin -110 ... -47 8 (DB value) -110
callReestablishmentAllowed Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0)max transmit power msTxPwrMaxCCH *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value)
msTxPwrMaxCCH *DCS* 0 ... 30 0 30 -2*(DB value)max. transmit pwr for class III mobile powerOffset *DCS only* 0 ... 6 0 2*(DB value)
C2 Reselection cellReselectParamInd Y / N 0 Yes (1), No (0)cellReselectOffset 0 ... 126 0 2*(DB value)penaltyTime 20 ... 640 1 20*(DB value)temporaryOffset 0 ... 70 0 10*(DB value)cellBarQualify Y / N 0 Yes (1), No (0)
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General BTS Parameters-2
BTS PARAMETERS
Group Explanation Parameter Name Range DB Default EquationMS power range max pwr in serving cell minMSTxPower *GSM* 5 ... 43 15 43 -2*(DB value)
minMSTxPower *DCS* 0 ... 36 15 30 -2*(DB value)msTxPwrMax *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value)msTxPwrMax *DCS* 0 ... 36 0 30 -2*(DB value)
Interference processing Averaging Period interferenceAveragingProcess 1 ... 32 6 1 : 15 Interference bands for the unallocated TSs boundary0 -110 … FIXED 0 (DB value) -110
boundary1 -110 ... -47 8 (DB value) -110boundary2 -110 ... -47 13 (DB value) -110boundary3 -110 ... -47 18 (DB value) -110boundary4 -110 ... -47 25 (DB value) -110boundary5 -47 … FIXED 63 (DB value) -110
Min. C/N when allocating a TS cnThreshold 0 ... 63 20 1 : 1DR and Intelligent DR Directed Retry drInUse Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0)
target cell evaluation is allowed maxTimeLimitDirectedRetry 1 ... 15 5 1 : 1target cell evaluation is not allowed minTimeLimitDirectedRetry 0 ... 14 3 1 : 1Directed Retry Method drMethod 0 … 1 1 0-basic, 1-thres.
Frequency Hopping Hopping Mode hoppingMode NN / BB / RF Plan NN/BB/RFhoppingSequenceNumber1&2 0 ... 63 Plan 1 : 1maioOffset 0 ... 62 Plan 1 : 1measurementBCCHAllocation ADJ / IDLE 1 1-ADJ, 0-IDLE
Extended Cell Radius BTS type DE21/DF12 radiusExtension 0 ... 67 0 1 : 1Dual Band multiBandCell Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0)
earlySendingIndication Y / N 1 Yes (1), No (0)# of adjacent cells from other freq. band multiBandCellReporting 0 ... 3 3 1 : 1
Half Rate Lower limit for FR TCH resources btsLoadDepTCHRate 0 ... 100 100 1 : 1FR/HR channel allocation method Higher limit for FR TCH resources btsLoadDepTCHRate 0 ... 100 0 1 : 1
Target cell and channel type selection tchrateIntraCellHo 0 .. 4 0 List
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General HOC Parameters-1Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation Value
Averaging adjacent cells averagingWindowSizeAdjCell 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6numberOfZeroResults 0 ... 7 2 1 : 1 2allAdjacentCellsAveraged Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Ho Measurement Averaging Method enaFastAveCallSetup Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenaFastAveHo Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenaFastAvePC Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Minimum Intervals minIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt 0 ... 30 3 1 : 1 3 intervalminIntBetweenHoReq 0 ... 30 5 1 : 1 5 interval
Periodic Handovers hoPeriodPBGT 0 ... 63 2 1 : 1 2 SACCH HoPeriodUmbrella 0 ... 63 63 1 : 1 63 SACCH
HO types allowed enableIntraHoInterfUL Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenableIntraHoInterfDL Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenablePwrBudgetHandover Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) YesenableUmbrellaHandover Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenableMSDistanceProcess Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) NoenableSDCCHHandover Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Averaging windows and weighting values hoAveragingLevDL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingLevUL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingQualDL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1weighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1hoAveragingQualUL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1weighting 1 ... 3 2 1 : 1 2msDistanceAveragingParam 1 ... 32 10 1 : 1 10msSpeedAveraging 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General HOC Parameters-2Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation Value
Thresholds hoThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 20 (DB value) -110 -90 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1hoThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 17 (DB value) -110 -93 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1
Hopping cells hoThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 5 1 : 1 5px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Hopping cells hoThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 5 1 : 1 5px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Non-hopping cells hoThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 4 1 : 1 4px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6
Non-hopping cells hoThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 4 1 : 1 4px 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4nx 1 ... 32 6 1 : 1 6hoThresholdsInterferenceDL -110 ... -47 35 (DB value) -110 -75 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1hoThresholdsInterferenceUL -110 ... -47 35 (DB value) -110 -75 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1msDistanceHoThresholdParam 0 ... 63 63 1 : 1 63px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General POC Parameters-1
Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueBTS power control powerCtrlEnabled Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) YesInterval powerControlInterval 0 ... 31 1 1 : 1 1 secStep sizes powerIncrStepsize 2,4 or 6 2 2 dB (0), 4dB (1), 6dB (2) 6 dB
powerRedStepsize 2 or 4 0 2dB (0), 4dB (1) 2 dBrfMaxPowerReduction 0 ... 12 0 2*(DB value) 0 dB
UL signal quality bands pwrDecrLimitBand0 0 ... 38 19 2*(DB value) 38 dBpwrDecrLimitBand1 0 ... 38 19 2*(DB value) 38 dBpwrDecrLimitBand2 0 ... 38 19 2*(DB value) 38 dBpwrDecrQualFactor 0 / 1 1 1 : 1 1
Base station power range bsTxPwrMin 0 ... 30 7/Plan -2*(DB value) -14 dBbsTxPwrMax 0 ... 30 0/Plan -2*(DB value) - 0 dB
Averaging windows pcAveragingLevDL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingLevUL 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingQualDL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1pcAveragingQualUL 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1 SACCHweighting 1 ... 3 1 1 : 1 1
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General POC Parameters-2
Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueThresholds pcLowerThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 23 DB value -110 -87 dBm
px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 20 DB value -110 -90 dBmpx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcLowerThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3px 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1nx 1 ... 32 1 1 : 1 1pcUpperThresholdsLevDL -110 ... -47 40 DB value -110 -70 dBmpx 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 3nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4pcUpperThresholdsLevUL -110 ... -47 40 DB value -110 -70 dBmpx 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 3nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 4pcUpperThresholdsQualDL 0 ... 7 0 1 : 1 0px 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 32nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 32pcUpperThresholdsQualUL 0 ... 7 0 1 : 1 0px 1 ... 32 3 1 : 1 32nx 1 ... 32 4 1 : 1 32
Murat.Topcu / 26-03-2003 / General Nokia BSS Parameters
General ADJE Parameters
ADJE Parameter - Group Parameter Name Range DB Default Equation ValueenableHoMarginLevQual Yes / No 1 Yes (1), No (0) YestrhoTargetLevel -109 ... -47/ N Plan (DB value) -110 Plansyncronised Yes / No 0 Yes (1), No (0) No
Fast Moving MS in macro cell hoLevelUmbrella -110 ... -47 Plan (DB value) -110 PlanfastMovingThreshold 0 ... 255 Plan 1 : 1, 0: Not in use Plan
adjCellLayer N/SAME/LOWER/UPPER Plan
Not used (0) Same layer (1) Upper layer (2) Lower layer (3)
Plan
Cell area definition rxLevMinCell -110 ... -47 10 (DB value) -110 -100 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCell *GSM* 5 ... 43 5 43 -2*(DB value) 33 dBmmsTxPwrMaxCell *DCS* 0 ... 36 0 30 -2*(DB value) 30 dBm
Priority of the adjacent cell hoPriorityLevel 0 ... 7 3 1 : 1 3
hoLoadFactor 0 ... 7 2 1 : 1 1Margins hoMarginPBGT -24 ... 63 6 1 : 1 6 dB
hoMarginLev -24 ... 24 3 1 : 1 3 dBhoMarginQual -24 ... 24 0 1 : 1 0 dB