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General Risk Management Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy Faculty of Engineering

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Page 1: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

General Risk Management

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Faculty of Engineering

Page 2: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Course outline

Introduction to risk concepts

Different types of risk

Risk estimation

Risk analysis

Remedy and proactive policies

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 3: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

محتوى المقرر

.مقدمة عن مفهوم وإدارة المخاطر

.أنواع المخاطر

.تحليل المخاطر

.تقييم المخاطر

.خطوات إدارة المخاطر

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 4: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you should be able

to:

– Understand and study the objectives of an

organization.

– Identify different risks that may hinder reaching

the objectives.

– Identify the risk categories.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 5: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

– Select from the risk mitigation strategy options to

control risk.

– Set a risk control management plan.

– Evaluate risk controls, and formulate a cost

benefit analysis.

– Maintain risk controls.

– Understand the approach to managing risk.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 6: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

األهداف المرجوة من دراسة المقرر

:ا المقرر يجب أن تكون قادرا عليذفي نهاية ه

. أهداف المؤسسةدراسة وفهم *

تحديد المخاطر المختلفة التي يمكن أن تحول دون*

وصول المؤسسة ألهدافها.

.تصنيف المخاطر*

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 7: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

النظر في إستراتيجيات معالجة المخاطر الختيار العناصر*

. لمناسبة للتحكم في وعالج المخاطرا

. نقوم بإعداد خطة إدارة مخاطر خاصة بالمؤسسةلكذبعد *

. نقوم بتقييم الخطة ونعد دراسة جدوى اقتصادية للخطة*

. ا ثبت جدواهاذإندعم الخطة ونحافظ عليها *

. نوجد فهم عام ألسلوب مواجهة المخاطر بالمؤسسة*

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 8: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

•Since time immemorial, human beings have tried to

manage risks faced in their day to day life.

•Keeping inflammable material away from fire,

saving for possible future needs are all examples of

an attempt at managing risk.

INTRODUCTION

Page 9: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

A risk is ANYTHING that may affect

the achievement of an organization’s

objectives.

Risk is the possibility of the actual

outcome being adverse compared to

expected outcome.

Definitions

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 10: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

It is the expression of the likelihood

and impact of an event with the

potential to influence the achievement

of an organization’s objectives.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 11: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

المخاطر

احتمالبينربطعنعبارةهيالمخاطر,حدوثهعلىالمترتبةواآلثارحدثوقوعدونيحولأنعليالقدرةالحدثولهذا

.ألهدافهاالمؤسسةوصول

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 12: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Threats and opportunities

Threat – a risk that may HINDER the

achievement of objectives.

Opportunities - a risk that may HELP in the

achievement of objectives.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 13: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

بالجوانبارتباطهاأساسعلىالمخاطرإدارةإلىاإلشارةيتمبعينالمعياريأخذولذلكللخطر,والسلبيةاإليجابية

.واإليجابيالسلبيالجانبينحيثمنالمخاطراالعتبار

فياألخذيتمأنهعامةبصفةيالحظالسالمة,مجالفيخطرإدارةتركزلذلكفقط,سلبيةالنتائجأناالعتبار

.الضرروتخفيضمنععلىالسالمة

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 14: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

The only alternative to risk management is crisis

management --- and crisis management is much more

expensive, time consuming and embarrassing.

JAMES LAM, Enterprise Risk Management, Wiley Finance © 2003

Without good risk management practices, government

cannot manage its resources effectively. Risk

management means more than preparing for the

worst; it also means taking advantage of opportunities

to improve services or lower costs.Sheila Fraser, Auditor General of Canada

Why do we need Risk Management?

Page 15: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Why bother with RM?

Increase risk awareness – What could

affect the achievement of objectives?

What could go wrong?

إدارة المخاطر تزيد من الوعي العام بالمخاطر وتحفز التفكير

.فيما قد يحدث ويحول دون تحقيق األهداف

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 16: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Promote a “healthy” risk culture (It’s

safe to talk about risk, open and

transparent).

تشجع علي وجود مناخ صحي يتيح الحديث عن المخاطر *

.بشفافية

Why bother with RM?

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 17: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Develop a common and consistent

approach to risk across the

organization.

.تنشئ إسلوب موحد للتعامل مع المخاطر بالمؤسسة*

Why bother with RM?

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 18: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Is proactive action not a reaction –

Prepare for risks before they happen.

Identify risks and develop appropriate

risk mitigating strategies.

تجهز لمنع أو , إدارة المخاطر هي خطة إستباقية*

.للتعامل مع المخاطر حال حدوثها

Why bother with RM?

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 19: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Improve outcomes – achievement of objectives.

Enables accountability, transparency and

responsibility.

And maybe even mean survival.

Why bother with RM?

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 20: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

تساعدفهي.األهدافتحقيقمنتمكنالمخاطرإدارة*

لكلالمحتملةوالسلبيةاإليجابيةالجوانبفهمعلي

احتمالمنفتزيدالمنظمة,عليتؤثرقدالتيالمخاطر

منالتأكدوعدمالفشلاحتمالمنكالوتخفضالنجاح

. للمؤسسةالعامةاألهدافتحقيق

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 21: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

إدارة المخاطر تساعد علي األعتماد علي النفس و الشفافية*

.وتحمل المسؤلية بالمؤسسة

.إدارة المخاطر تنقذ أرواح في كثير من األحيان*

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 22: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Definition of ERM

“ERM is a process, effected by an organization's

management and other personnel, applied in

strategy setting and across the enterprise,

designed to identify potential events that may

affect the organization, and manage risks to be

within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable

assurance regarding the achievement of entity’s

objectives.”

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 23: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

هي عملية تفعل عن طريق مجلس إدارة المؤسسة وتكون مهمتها هي التعرف المنظمة جزء أساسي في إستراتيجية

اإلجراءات التيعلي األحداث التي قد تؤدي لمخاطر وتحدد بشكل منتظم لمواجهة األخطار ةتتبعها المنظميجب أن

المصاحبة ألنشطتها, بهدف تحقيق المزايا المستدامة من كل .األنشطة

التركيز األساسي إلدارة المخاطر الجيدة هو التعرف على .ومعالجة األخطار التي قد تواجه المؤسسة

خطة إدارة مخاطر المؤسسات

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 24: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

علىمحصورةوسيلةليستالمخاطرإدارةأيضا ولكنهافقط,العامةوالمنظماتالمؤسسات

لكلووالصغيرةالكبيرةالخاصةالمؤسساتلكلدللفوائالنظرويجب.األمدوقصيرةطويلةاألنشطةبأطرافعالقتهافيالمخاطرإدارةمنوالفرصهاعالقتفيفقطوليسالمتأثرةالمختلفةالمصالح

.المنظمةبنشاط

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 25: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Slide 25

Categorizing Risk

1. Political or Reputational Risk

2. Financial Risk

3. Operational Risk

4. People / HR Risk

5. Knowledge Risk

6. Environmental Risk

7. Stakeholder Satisfaction / Public Perception Risk

8. Legal / Compliance Risk

9. Technology Risk

10. Security Risk

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 26: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

منظمةأيتواجهالتيالمخاطرتنتجأنيمكنويمكن.وداخليةخارجيةعواملمنوأنشطتهاسياسيةمثلاألخطارمنأنواعإلىأكثرتقسيمها

,عاملون,تشغيلية,مالية,إستراتيجية,,أمنية,تكنولوجية,,قانونيةبيئية,معلوماتية

.الخ...سالمة

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 27: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Slide 27

Residual Risk

Residual risk is the level of risk afterevaluating the effectiveness of controls.

Acceptance or action should be based onresidual risk levels.

ATTACHED

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 28: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

المخاطر المتبقية

المخاطر المتبقية هي المخاطر التي مازالت باقية بعد*

تطبيق خطة التحكم بالمخاطر بالمؤسسة.

قبول المخاطر المتبقية أو إتخاذ إجراءات تحكم *

.يةإضافية يعتمد علي حجم ومدي تأثيرالمخاطر المتبق

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 29: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Risk Prioritization – likelihood and impact

Likelihood of a risk event occurring

Very High: Is almost certain to occur

High: Is likely to occur

Medium: Is as likely as not to occur

Low: May occur occasionally

Very Low: Unlikely to occur

Risk Impact: Level of damage that can occur when a risk event occurs

Very High: Threatens the success of the project

High: Substantial impact on time, cost or quality

Medium: Notable impact on time, cost or quality

Low: Minor impact on time, cost or quality

Very Low: Negligible impact

Page 30: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

تقدير المخاطر

يمكن تقدير المخاطر بأسلوب كمي ونوعي من

:حيث احتمال التحقق والنتائج المحتملة

االحتماالت قد تكون مرتفعة جدا أو مرتفعة أو *

.متوسطة أو منخفضة أو منخفضة جدا

ا النتائج من حيث التهديدات قد تكون مرتفعة جد*

أو مرتفعة أو متوسطة أو منخفضة أو منخفضة

.جداDr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 31: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Third dimension for rating risks - proximity

Immediate – now

Less than 6 months

Between 6-12 months

Between 12 – 24 months

Between 24 – 36 months

More than 36 months

Page 32: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

البعد الثالث في تقييم المخاطر هو مدي قربها الزمنى

في الحال*

بعد أقل من ستة أشهر*

شهرا12-6بعد مدة تتراوح بين *

شهرا 24-12بعد مدة تتراوح بين *

شهرا36-24بعد مدة تتراوح بين *

شهرا 36بعد أكثر من *

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 33: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Slide 33

Risk rating

Combining impact and likelihood

LIKELIHOOD

IMP

AC

T

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

RISK

I x L

RISK

I x L

RISK

I x L

RISK PRIORITIZATION MATRIX

Page 34: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

In the risk matrix, the risk level determines which

risks should be tackled first. However, it does

require expertise and experience to judge the

likelihood and impact of harm accurately. Getting

this wrong could result in applying unnecessary

control measures or failing to take important ones.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 35: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

األخطارلوحةطريقعنباإلهتماماألولياألخطارتحديديتم

تقديربلوحةالعمليسندأنإلياألنتباهيجب.كالسابقة

وقوعإحتمالتقديرفيكبيرةخبرةويذألشخاصاألخطار

يسيؤدالتقديروالترتيبفيالخطأألن,األخطارتأثيروشدة

.األهتمامتستحقأخطاروإغفاللهاالداعيمعاييرتطبيقإلي

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 36: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Risk Management Process

Risk management needs to be looked at as an

organizational approach, as risks may result from

various activities in the firm, and the personnel

responsible for the activities do not always

understand the risk attached to them.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 37: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Risk Management Process

Determining Objectives

Identify risks

Evaluate risks

Select risk management techniques

Implement and review decisions

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 38: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

خطوات عملية إدارة المخاطر

.تحديد األهداف

.التعرف على المخاطر وتحديدها

.تقدير وتقييم المخاطر

.إعداد خطة إدارة المخاطر

.إعداد إستراتيجية معالجة المخاطر

.تطبيق مع مراقبة ومراجعة عمليات إدارة المخاطر

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 39: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

A) Determining Objectives:

Determination of objectives is the first step in the

risk management function. The objective may be

to protect profits or to develop competitive

advantage. The objective of risk management

needs to be decided upon by the management, so

that the risk manager may fulfill his

responsibilities in accordance with the set

objectives.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 40: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

تحديد األهداف

خطواتمنخطوةأولهواألهدافتحديد

مناألهدافتتبابين.مخاطرإدارةخطةإعداد

عليوالحفاظالماديالربحعليالحفاظ

منالحمايةإليللمؤسسةتنافسيةمميزات

أهداف.البيئيةواألخطارالتشغيلأخطار

حتياألدارةبواسطةتحددأنيجبالمؤسسة

.بمهامهاالقياممنالمخاطرإدارةتتمكنDr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 41: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

B) Identifying Risks:

Every organization face different risks, based on its

business, the economic, social and political factors,

the degree of competition, the strengths and

weaknesses of its competitors, availability of raw

material, dependence on foreign markets for inputs,

sales, or finances, capabilities of its staff and so on.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 42: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

•Each corporate needs to identify the

possible sources of risks and the kinds of

risks faced by it.

•For this, the risk manager needs to develop a

fundamental understanding of all the firm's

activities and the external factors that

contribute to risk.

•The risk manager needs to identify the

sources of risks that are not so obvious.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 43: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

التعرف علي المخاطر

للحالةطبقامختلفةمخاطرمؤسسةكلتواجه

عليتأثيرهاومديوالسياسيةواألجتماعيةاألقتصادية

الضعفوعواملالمنافسةفدرجة.المؤسسةعملمجال

الخامالموادتوافرمدىوأيضاالمنافسينلديوالقوة

وخبرةومقدرةالمتاحةواألسواقالصعبةوالعملة

مخاطرمصدرتكونأنيمكنأموركلهاالعمالة

.للمؤسسة

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 44: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

C) Risk Evaluation:

•Once the risks are identified, they need to be

evaluated for determining their significance.

•The significance of a particular risk depends upon

the size of the loss that it may result in, and the

probability of the occurrence of such loss.

•On the basis of these factors, the various risks

faced by the corporate need to be classified as

critical risks, important risks and not-soimportant

risks.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 45: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

تقدير المخاطر.بعد تحديد المخاطر يجب تقديرحجمهم لتحديد مدي أهميتهم

أهمية خطر معين تعتمد علي حجم الخسائر التي قد يسببها حال

.حدوثة ومدي إحتمالية حدوثة

:بناءا علي ماسبق يجب تصنيف المخاطر المحتملة للمؤسسة إلي

.مخاطر حرجة*

.مخاطر هامة*

. مخاطر ليست شديدة األهمية*

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 46: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

•Critical risks are those that may result in

bankruptcy of the firm.

•Important risks are those that may not result in

bankruptcy, but may cause severe financial stress.

•The not-soimportant risks are those that may result

in losses which the firm may easily bear in the

normal course of business.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 47: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

. المخاطر الحرجة هي المخاطر التي يمكن أن تتسبب في إفالس المؤسسة*

المخاطر الهامة هي التي ال ينتج عنها إفالس المؤسسة ولكنها تتسبب في *

ضغط مادي شديد.

المخاطر الغير شديدة األهمية هي المخاطر التي يمكن للمؤسسة أن تتحملها*

خالل برنامج عملها العادي

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 48: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

D) Development of Policy:

•Based on the risk tolerance level of the firm, the

risk management policy needs to be developed.

•The time frame of the policy should be

comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively

stable.

•A policy generally takes the form of a declaration

as to how much risk should be covered, or in other

words, how much risk the firm is ready to bear.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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إستحداث سياسة عامة إلدارة المخاطر

يتمالمخاطربعضتحملعليالمؤسسةقدرةعليبناءا

.المخاطردارةإسياسةإستحداث

لهاققليتحنسبيااألمدطويلةتكونيجبالمخاطرإدارةسياسة

.اإلستقراربعض

عنإعالنشكلتأخذماغالباالمخاطرإلدارةالعامةالسياسة

يمكنالذيالخطرحجموماهومواجهتهاالالزمالمخاطر

.تتحملةأنللمؤسسة

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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•The policy may specify that a specific percentage,

say 20%, of all risks are to be covered or that not

more than a specific sum can be at risk at any point

of time. The development of Value at Risk (VaR)

model provides a solution.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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E) Development of Strategy:

• Based on the policy, the firm then needs to develop

the strategy to be followed for managing risk.

•The tenure of a strategy is shorter than a policy, as it

needs to factor in various variables that keep

changing.

• A strategy is essentially an action plan, which

specifies the nature of risk to be managed, the tools

to be used and the timing.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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إستحداث إستراتيجية إلدارة المخاطر

حداثإستيتمللمؤسسةالمخاطردارةإسياسةعليبناءا

اتيجيةلإلسترالزمنيةالمدة.المخاطرإلدارةإستراتيجية

تعتمدةاإلستراتيجيألنالعامةالسياسةمدةمنأقلتكون

تيجيةاإلستراتكونأنويجبمتغيرةكثيرةعواملعلي

تحددتفصيليةعملخطةهياإلستراتيجية.مرنة

.بدقةواألوقاتمعهاالتعاملوطرقالمخاطر

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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F) Implementation:

Once the policy and strategy in place, they are to be

implemented for actually managing the risks. This

is the operational part of risk management. It

includes taking care of the details in the operational

part.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 54: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

سة تبدأ عملية التطبيق الفعلي إلدارة المخاطر فور إقرار سيا

فاإلستراتيجية هي الجزء . دارة المخاطر واإلستراتيجيةإ

العملي إلدارة المخاطر والتي تهتم بكافة تفاصيل خطة إدارة

.المخاطر

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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G) Review:

The function of risk management need to be

reviewed periodically. Sometimes, the decisions

taken earlier may not prove to be correct, or the

changing circumstances may make some other

option more effective.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 56: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

A periodic review ensures whether the risk

management function is achieving the set objectives

or not, and to find an alternative course of action if

the results are not in accordance with expectations.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 57: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

ةالمراجعتلزمالمخاطردارةإإستراتيجيةتطبيقبعد

صممتالتياألهدافتحققأنهامنللتأكدالدورية

أنيثبتفقدالقراراتكافةمراجعةويلزم.أجلهامن

ولمصائبةتكنلماتخذتالتيالقراراتبعض

.تغييرهاويلزممالئمةتعدلمأومنهاالمرجوتحقق

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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Risk Control Strategies

An organization must choose one of four basic

strategies to control risks :

Avoidance: applying safeguards that eliminate or

reduce risks.

Transference: shifting the risk to other areas or

to outside entities.

Mitigation: reducing the impact should the

vulnerability be exploited.

Acceptance: understanding the consequences and

accept the risk without control or mitigation.

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معالجة المخاطر

تعتبر معالجة المخاطر بمثابة عملية اختيار وتطبيق إجراءات

وتتضمن معالجة المخاطر تجنب . بغرض التغيير في المخاطر

كأحد ( التحكم في المخاطر)التخفيض , نقل المخاطر, المخاطر

.أهم عناصرها أوقبول المخاطر

:ما يلي( كحد أدنى)يجب أن يقدم أي نظام لمعالجة المخاطر

.التشغيل الفعال والكفء للمنظمة*

الرقابة الداخلية الفعالة*

.أتباع القوانين والتشريعات*

تكلفة ترتبط عملية فعالية تكلفة إجراءات التحكم في المخاطر بمقارنة

.تطبيق تلك اإلجراءات بالمزايا المتوقعة من تخفيض المخاطر

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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طرق التعامل مع المخاطرعها بعد أن تتم عملية التعرف على المخاطر وتقييمها فإن جميع التقنيات المستخدمة للتعامل م

:تقع ضمن مجموعات رئيسية هي

ومثال على . وتعني محاولة تجنب النشاطات التي تؤدي إلى حدوث خطر ما:التجنبإن التجنب . ذلك عدم شراء ملكية ما أو الدخول في عمل ما لتجنب تحمل المسؤولية

يبدو حال لجميع المخاطر ولكنه في الوقت ذاته قد يؤدي إلى الحرمان من الفوائد .واألرباح التي كان من الممكن الحصول عليها من النشاط الذي تم تجنبه

وهي وسائل تساعد على قبول الخطر من قبل طرف آخر وعادة ما تكون عن :النقل. التأمين هو مثال على نقل الخطر عن طريق العقود. طريق العقود أو الوقاية المالية

وقد يتضمن العقد صيغة تضمن نقل الخطر إلى جهة أخرى دون االلتزام بدفع أقساط .التأمين

ر ومثال على ذلك شركات تطوي. وتشمل طرق للتقليل من حدة الخسائر الناتجة:التقليصالبرمجيات التي تتبع منهجيات للتقليل من المخاطر وذلك عن طريق تطوير البرامج

.بشكل تدريجي

ة في إن هذه الطريقة تعتبر إستراتيجية مقبول. وتعني قبول الخسائر عند حدوثها:القبول حالة المخاطر الصغيرة والتي تكون فيها تكلفة التأمين ضد الخطر على مدى الزمن

. أكبر من إجمالي الخسائر

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AvoidanceAvoidance is the risk control strategy that

attempts to prevent the exploitation of the

vulnerability

Avoidance is accomplished through:

– Application of policy

– Application of training and education

– Countering threats

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 62: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Transference

Transference is the control approach that attempts

to shift the risk to other assets, other processes,

or other organizations

May be accomplished by:

– Rethinking how services are offered

– Outsourcing to other organizations

– Purchasing insurance

– Implementing service contracts with providers

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 63: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Mitigation

Mitigation is the control approach that attempts to

reduce, by means of planning and preparation,

the damage caused by the exploitation of

vulnerability

This approach includes three types of plans:

Disaster recovery plan

Incident response plan

Business continuity plan

Mitigation depends upon the ability to detect and

respond to an attack as quickly as possibleDr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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Acceptance

Acceptance is the choice to do nothing to protect

an asset and to accept the loss when it occurs.

This control, or lack of control, assumes that it may

be a prudent business decision to:

Examine alternatives.

Conclude the cost of protecting an asset does

not justify the security expenditure.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Acceptance (Continued)

Only valid use of acceptance strategy occurs when

organization has:

– Determined level of risk to its assets

– Assessed probability of attack and likelihood of a

successful exploitation of vulnerability

– Estimated potential loss from attacks

– Performed a thorough-out cost benefit analysis

– Evaluated controls using each appropriate type of

feasibility

– Decided that the assets did not justify the cost of

protection

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Thank You

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TO NOTE

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Meet with current staff to determine causes for turnover (e.g., poor working conditions, low pay, competitive job market)

Mitigate those causes that are under our control before the project starts

Once the project commences, assume turnover will occur and develop techniques to ensure continuity when people leave

Organize project teams so that information about each development activity is widely dispersed

Define documentation standards and establish mechanisms to ensure that documents are developed in a timely manner

Conduct peer reviews of all work (so that more than one person is "up to speed")

Assign a backup staff member for every critical technologist

Example: Strategy for Reducing Staff

Turnover

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Common goal of risk management and

financial management:

•The overall goal of financial management is to

create shareholder wealth.

•Shareholder's wealth is created by undertaking

projects which generate a positive Net Present

Value. Thus, the final goal of risk management

should be to make sure that funds for such

investments are available at the appropriate time.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

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Proper mix of risk management techniques:

No risk management can be complete or fool proof

in itself. A firm has to ensure that it employs the

most optimum mix of risk control, risk prevention,

risk transfer and risk retention, as also that of various

internal and external hedging techniques.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 71: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Though it is not possible to accurately predict the

movement of many variables, the risk manager

needs to make an attempt to forecast the same.

These forecasts should be used for management of

risks. Risk management cannot be done after the

happening of an event, it has to be done in its

anticipation.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy

Page 72: General Risk Management - Delta Univ · 2016. 3. 14. · •The time frame of the policy should be comparatively long, so that the policy is relatively stable. •A policy generally

Flexibility:

The risk management strategies should not be too

rigid. They should be flexible enough to allow the

risk manager to make the most appropriate decision

according to the circumstances.

Dr. Hesham R. Lotfy