LANSDIAMETERMELDffie no rem momIMMO QUALITY

PQM*STYIMAGE QUALITY

CAMERA WPC

ANGULARRESOLUTION

L!!

GENERAL STUDY OP CAMERA SYSTEMSrut P110TOGRAPHIC AERIAL RECONNAISSANCEPIPPCSE

INVESTIGATE TRADE-OFFS AMONG THE MANY PARAMETERS.OPTIMIZE THE PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTPUTDETERMINE THE RESUIREIKONDMONS 10 ATTAIN A SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE LEVEL.

PARAMETER. Sr CONDITIONS..

comma by NATURAL LNIIS SOLAR RADIATIONATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION•9anta110SCENE REFLECTANCE 11-CIONTRASTorrotrom OF US KT

SrucirliD ALTITUDEEpTIOUHD RESOLUTION.

COMMA a MISSIONVELOCITYMO UT LIMTT

•

Istmulumnio SY STATE -OP -/ma-ARTISPECTRAL IMINONIMAGE SWEAR

CAMERA SYSTEMVEHICLE ANGULAR MOTION •- POSITION

ALTITUDE

°al VIII

i 111

SUSTE4NEDALTITUDE •

(n.ni) INSUFFICIENT um'

no —

samainame MA Hein11011110 7110AULINCIL

It; : :....*:.- .•,. ...4%n•44t-Ilit.

COWEN"!

SATELLITEi LAMS*

1 . • t-.• ..\..

I

:

I. 4111"1DRESOLUT/ONium,

1

: .: . 1I.:-...

11'

VNN ALUMRADIATION

I

•

•

OPTIMUM SPECTRAL REGIONFOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

C140101 OM= ON

SOLAR IRIMINANCIE • CNPPRACTIONxnaosperite •reAwsmessiow LENS TRANSMITTANCE

III

wo 'SCENE REFLECTANCE

LOW 'mmomemc cowmenTRANSMOSION (venue)

LOW SOLAR

vaN6Y

MIDTRANININION

MO COLOR COMIRCTION

SCENE CONTRAST °mum • RIM MOM. SENSITIVITY

CONTRAST

INFRARED FORSPECIAL USES LOW FILM 11/

. 411101111111Y

MAXIMUM AVAILAIN.E.SNOWY AT GOODCONTRAST

LOW SOLARENSIGN

1.0WAVELENGTH —MICRONS

RESOLUTION vis. FIELD ANGLE

, E. • 200-

2 • 1 CONTRAST'!

. usr •

E0 c

I/ 4 1SCH. Xgm. 1

e sco: i coa

FiftlerLI4

AT CENTE R

§..-i4 10 • 30I-<

8 so

m 20

fp

5 • ,

IItwo C 7E

./.s /

RESOLUTION AT116C w 411EU:t

Rest:m.011M

5P

i(

.p aesoLuTiow no

DIPPRACTICNLIMITSO

I== ..S. ••= : sO 4no) I

i

I• b

6

20 30 SO 100 2.00

So -132. FILM

1Z. I- .4)

/ — • •0 PANORAMICSYSTEMS OLtu - • .

2 • / twoES 9

PANORAMIC

lawS ss,/

/ Ell/STEM S

.5;

6

A

.3 n••n

1 WOW COPeEIZA6E FROM 100 mai ALTITUDE — n

1° 1 3 Kr 20. 30' 50•FULL FIELD ANGLE OF LENS 1- PAN AN&LE

.52o.iT7%

X FLOWtaleCTION) Y

6.1.17%

MIN0411•1 x ERRoltea ioo nets

Y/H s.05 RAD/SEC.

SIRP CAMERA

11111 PANORAMCLA CAMERA

exit0.57.

. son

.1

4%

4%

2.2

111111111111100

.5

r ':*. ► •• •

• :1 1

IDEAL CORRECTION Of IMAGE SMEAR

TERRAIN ALTITUDE

ATTITUDE

RATE, EACH AXIS

CAMERA VIBRATION

‘914 semsoft NO CAMERADRIVE

INEXACT ]MC °ELME STRIPCONJEREPENT PAN

LENS orsurtioNFOZAL 101176114 ERROR

TOTAL tesQ

EXAMPLES OFRESIDUAL SMEAR RATE

RATE ERROR-MILLIRADANS/SECOND

El .7600 ea • • • •

SG 2.64

0 I .57

sSS

AGENA I ao ATTITUDE s-ALTITUDE

PROBAISLELIMIT

SNORT FCCIleSNORT EirOSSRESMALL NOM

II \

-4 tam um

pi,

QUALITYSETTER

ur La.

LONG, FocusLONG raFOSURELARea omixea

t•

JOIAMETER

t•

GI

COIIANI4FOCALLENCON

sc

•a.. 1 • • •• •

ANGUI.AR ANp GROUND RESOLUTIONFOR FIXED INPUT TO. CAMERA LENS

1F IX

LENS DIAMETERLie.NT EMMYDwriorrioN(LENS WEIGHT)

ANGULAR RATE OF SMEAR

VARYFOCAL LENGTH AND /ND.FILMEXPOSURE(10 moat FILM AND filik)

ANGULAR RESOLUTION

GROUND RESOLUTION

se

av0

FOCAL LENGTH—}

••

•• •

: I I% •iv •.

•

•

n411. ****•% n•n •••

r''S •; 10.01.02Ciu .

I •

••• •

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4'.50132. :•••••0 L/NM

ANGULAR RESOLUTION vs. FOUL LENGTH'•• FOR VARIOUS FILMS .

PIKED INPUT10 INCH LENS DIAMETER •

. 5 •.•• • •• 2 mr/sec. WEAR RA-re

'4

••

1!.•,•-• •

. • ••

•

2.8 . . 4 • SG• e• 11 16

fiNO• ..•. .* Loss Due TO ABERRATIONS

OF VERY PAST LENSES.

1.07

70

56

5.

2

.92

40

110

11

8 1

COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS (PAM DIFFERENT FILMSFIXED LENS DIAMETER s- SMEAR RATE

SO•• IS2 SO-106 SO • ISO

RELATNE GROUND ANDANGULAR RESOLUTION I. 0

IMAGE RESOLUTION 11 0

OPTIMUM FOCAL LENGTH 40

OPTIMUM 1/03. 4RELATIVE FILM WEISHT

1

RADIATION SUSCEPTIbILnY

SO•206

50- 130

EFFECT OF IMAGE SMEAR ANGULAR RESOLUTION va010. AND FOCAL LENGTH

II

4

AMMAR RESOLUTION 4 .(Aft sac)

.

a•i

i

OMAR ROMarms. ,

. 1. ' loom , Er LENS DIAMETER

:wayaic

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I

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........SO-132

:

1.Ti I

FOCAL Ual001— MSS....: V-s nr .-

•

0:1 0

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um.Ott /** FOCAL Loom rat(MUM ANGULAR 111110LUTION

2. La 4 w—iii 0 II I i i I i

10 le 40 16 00 110

••

. • ••• •

• .s-

••

•*:‘:. • •

•

ANGULARRESOLUTION(him sec)

•

•

. •

71

•

• ••1: " . • ••• • ;•.‘• • • ::;n••:•••'• ...:. • 410. 1•et i; • .; • • • • • • 4. •••••; • •

I.

10 • 30 .a. .. %up .6 ;

4! '..%to

I5N

34N v fifirisser 6 •-.N..

2./ 6 .4N- - • •

..• •-4 g .gi.

1.:3 li JI , z mr/sec.

.6-1423.. ...I .

! is in irs/sec..'.4.41 E I ..,,,

. . i %

S L - r -r- 1 1 -----, i • 1 I - :4 ' r. •

5 6 6i

10 • .20 ! 30 40 60 ao iooLENS DIAMrfER—INCNES

.t

INDEPENDENT OF FILM

••

•.••••

•••

•

•

•

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•

.......: .

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•

! I ••• •r •

t

: . •

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GR4UND RESOLUTION VS. APERTUREFORA GIVEN SMEAR RATE

•

• •

•

V.v., .4•

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) .

1.•,. Z's .1 1 • 11%

•

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e.

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ANGULAR

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•

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.

RESOLUTION(ARC sr.c) • •

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V*•

..i IP' • -- .. . .*. • DUSAN t r t . •

C41Y. ... .

I .. . • ..

. • . .. A 60ALSOP ...• . 2 WiS4C. •

VAINOUS • • 'N •. -. .!• • :

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SYSTEMS a-StrE-', . ; ••

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3 7

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REQUIRED CORRECTION OF IMAGE MOTION• •

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.

•

.:. • . •

s • - • • . — .•.. i•••.. .. r ' • LENS DIAMETER — INCHES:. . • 0 • • •

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•

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OPTIMUM DIAMETER, 0140., FOCAL LENGTHFOR A GIVEN RESOLUTION AND SMEAR RATE 40-131 FILM

•

: •

•

•

31 %"8•%k.

RESOLUTION

(Mc sac) Iors g ,

Oat • • \.40-i 1. rig . \ r4k. •- •%. .....:‘,,,,\ecrip,.6- a a .. . • • .....,..Nicrepe— n .

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•

60-tints. •

•••

LENS DIAMETER—INCHES •

•

•

•

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. . 1:`• •

. .

. . • •... • • •

•

•

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••

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• •• • .•OPTIMUM DIAMETER AND •f/NO. 17.

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FOR LENSES WITH EXPECTED AlIERRA TIOUS . SO --13.2.46:4

key • .•:•}•*./1•• .1 • •

• I ••'`vf • •1.• •t•• L •

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1 el.r ...L.:4 */ - I •" 4. 1.• a -* • • *. '.... • • .•

. . . •

•

Lin QUALITY 0101IASESTO THE MONT GEMS bOUNDARY

3.4 .•

.•

ANCAILAR ra • .. • •... .•.

RESOLUTION : .

. (ARC SEC)2.44

4 . 7.. 141* \ N

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........-•i ...3.: ..,..........:

I • •• - •

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..

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g •1

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LENS DiAMETIEF-•INCNES • ' •

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•

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V.•

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•

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\41.411?1/4

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LIMITATION OF LENS QUALITYON OPTIMUM DIAMETER•

112 rso LENS__ItUALITY bOUNDMIty•

• -132

. FOR Niasous FILMSzo

6-; • - • 90 No• • •

\ S0-206• /SO-ISO

.:\‘%%•.\\

AI 1 c . _6-1

4.5 a•

!

• 4JI

ANGULAR laRSSOLLIT1014. a4(ARC S!C) I

. •

•

••

: •

•

•

••

•

WIDTH OF GROUND COVERAGEvs. GROUND RESOLUTION

ZOO.

I00•

SO -

30-

20-

10 -

S-

i3-

GROUND RESOLUTIONFROM Kenai -- FEET

Do I

20 •S

DIAMETER 20

3 ; SS

2C.

17 °1.6 El

E5

P111611111110RAMveltleis

I

1a

WEIGHT OF OPTICS vs. LENS APERTURE

twaLE:s)101

•LENS

•

tans mWi 0 11

tf

5

.2

0 A — nN• • •••••••• •••••••nn•

al .1 3 J 1 3 1 1 NI 11 20 20 IN In 10 N0 0502100' MONT— POUNDS

•

0'

Ia

•.r

•• :

61101114Du111

(FINT)

wmnlim n1101n11.41 asem. I I%j.

COMM,

••

"3 r 1n10% •I

FILM WEIGHT vs. GROUND RESOLUTION

100% 10 MOO 14000 loct00010Z 1 10 100 WOO tct000

. 0.1 1 10 100 I000--•- • - •-

FILM wesoOttreurips01811110 03vatme, b UNdNC i. tasuse)(MAR 'DM PILM)

• I . •L.)

•

MINN CONVERGENT PANORAMIC CAMERAS100 owl ALTrTuou

N•/sec. SMEAR egreIx KO

• '1-. 1 • .14.! I

1

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAYLOAD WEIGHTVS. GROUND aRESOLUTION

CirROUNDRESOLUTION

(pas?)

.....................- •-.-- • .. .---.....SO-130* 100‹

so-kos* '11:4 woof.

L.

•

pNotooku^plac 2.0 sea mo SoN Reoo • SoLoco tock000PAYLOAD WENperr 24000 100.000

UDR ATLAS TITAN XMENA A•ENA

J. •

142-11

••$

ITEMS CONSIDERED

FILM

RESOLUTIONSPEED

MASS

TYPE

LENS

APERTURE.NO. .

T- STOP

SPECTRAL TRANSMISSION

FOCAL LENGTH

ANGULAR FIELD

M AS% CONFIGURATION

EXPOSURE TIME

SMEAR RATEATTITUDEALTITUDEYlbRATIONIMPERFECT I MC

CAMERA TYPE

SYSTEMMASS, SIZETARGET ACQUISITIONINFORMATION PACKINGP DENSITY

REPRODUCTION

•

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS•

1) SPECTRAL REGIONSVISIbLE, LIMITED EN LENS CORRECTION.1R FOR SPECIAL USES ONLY.

1. SMEAR RATEDIFFICULT TO IMPROVE UPON h alr/Sec ERR.

S. FILMGROuND RESOLUTION INDEPENDENT OF CURRENT RUA FOR PIEDLENS DIAMETER AND SMEAR RATE..PINE GRAIN FM molooM M6117 AND RADIATION SUSCEPTIDILITY•

4• LENS DIAMETERDEPENDS am ON SMEPR RATE AND ANGULAR REsoLuTioN.

FOCAL LENGTHOPTIMUM MUSTS TOR A RANGE OP 91/EAR RATE NO ILLUMINATION.

4..;. GROUND RESOLUTION CR 1 To 1 PEET REWIRES FAIN, FILMS g- MORE valOHT.1/44

Of RESOLUTION LIMIT OP MOUT 2 FEET WITH TITAN IC •