Generic User Modeling Systems

Personalizing the User Experience

Emre Göynügür Advisor: Matthieu Deru

Introduction

•  User Modeling – HCI – Customization and Adaptation – Amazon, Google, Ebay, Facebook …

•  Generic User Modeling Systems – User Modeling Shell Systems – User Modeling Servers

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 2

Amazon

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 3

Amazon (cont’d)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 4

Introduction (User Model)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 5

•  User Model –  Goal –  Knowledge –  Static, Dynamic, Stereotype

based

•  Black: Insufficient knowledge •  Nested: Conflict!

Introduction (Stereotype)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 6

Stereotype Example: Users

Outline

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 7

•  Introduction •  GUM Systems •  UM Trends •  Novel Approach (TUMS) •  Conclusion

Outline (GUM Systems)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 8

•  GUM Systems –  User Modeling Shells

»  Historical Development »  Examples

–  User Modeling Servers »  Characteristics »  Issues »  Requirements »  Examples

User Modeling Shell

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 9

•  Part of an application system •  Software component

– Maintainable –  Reusable

Historical Development

•  Inherited from User Adaptive Systems •  General User Modeling System ’86 •  Term: “User Modeling Shell”

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 10

UM Shell Examples

•  UMT (User Modeling Technology) – Hierarchical stereotypes

•  PROTUM (A Prolog based tool for UM) –  UM is a list of constants – More sophisticated retraction than UMT

•  TAGUS – Diagnosis of unexpected behavior

•  um

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 11

um

•  Toolkit for user modeling •  Stores attribute-value pairs •  Stores evidence and its source •  Infers from the evidence

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 12

Outline (GUM Systems)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 13

•  GUM Systems –  User Modeling Shells

»  Historical Development »  Examples

–  User Modeling Servers »  Characteristics »  Issues »  Requirements »  Examples

User Modeling Servers

•  Similar to user modeling shells •  Serves many applications • Not part of an application system

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 14

Characteristics

•  Information maintained in a repository •  Information is not redundant •  Information is gathered from many app.s • Methods for security can be applied (e.g. encryption)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 15

Issues

• Design: Central vs Distributed •  Performance •  Scalability •  Availability

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 16

Required Services

•  Assumptions about types of user characteristics •  Common characteristics of sub-groups •  Classification of users •  Recording user behavior

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 17

Required Characteristics

•  Support for quick adaptation •  Extensibility •  Import user-related information • Management of distributed information

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 18

Required Characteristics (cont’d)

•  Support for open standards •  Scalability •  Privacy •  Failover strategies •  Transactional consistency

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 19

Academic Examples

•  BGP-MS • DOPPELGANGER •  CUMULATE •  PERSONIS

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 20

BGP-MS

•  Represents assumptions in first-order predicate logic •  Subset of assumptions stored in terminological logic •  Inferences among different types •  Can be used as a nw server with multi-user

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 21

BGP-MS Internal View

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 22

BGP-MS Communication

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 23

DOPPELGANGER

•  Collects information from HW and SW •  Extrapolates the collected data

– Linear prediction – Markov models – Clustering

•  Users can inspect and modify

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 24

Commercial Examples

•  Group Lens •  ATG Adaptive Scenario Engine •  enQuire Identity Server

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 25

Group Lens

•  Applies collaborative filtering algorithms •  Stores user ratings in database •  Stores a correlation matrix in main memory •  Collects data from forms and by monitoring

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 26

ATG Adaptive Scenario Engine

•  Users are assigned to groups –  Demographics, system usage, SW, HW, NW

•  Inferring rules can be defined •  External data can be integrated

–  SQL, XML, and Web Services •  Acquired by ORACLE

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 27

Why ORACLE acquired ATG?

•  Unified CRM – Same brand experience with

» Mobile, online, in store channels etc.. – Personalized experience

• ORACLE – Data management

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 28

ORACLE - ATG

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 29

enQuire Identity Server

•  Multi-functional server –  Security policies, access control –  Federates and filters information

•  Embedded virtual directory engine –  LDAP, ODBC or an API

•  Static and dynamic binding

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 30

Outline

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 31

•  Introduction •  GUM Systems •  UM Trends •  Novel Approach (TUMS) •  Conclusion

User Modeling Trends

• Mobile User Models •  User Models for Smart Appliances •  Agent-Based User Modeling Systems • Multiple-Purpose Usage • Diverse GUM Systems

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 32

Mobile User Models

•  Increasing usage of mobile devices • HCI in a sensor equipped environment •  Limited computation power •  Limited bandwidth •  Example: Mobile recommender systems

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 33

UM for Smart Appliance Examples

•  Car radios •  Electronic car keys •  Ford Microsoft Sync

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 34

Microsoft – Ford Sync

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 35

Pandora (Radio Recommender)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 36

Agent-Based UM Systems

•  Automation of UM servers – Ubiquitious computing – Communities of computer users

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 37

Multiple-Purpose Usage

•  Organizational directory services •  Skill inventory systems •  Global expert-finding

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 38

Outline

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 39

•  Introduction •  GUM Systems •  UM Trends •  Novel Approach (TUMS) •  Conclusion

TUMS: Twitter-based User Modeling Service

•  Public web application •  Topic detection •  Entity extraction •  Structured

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 40

TUMS (cont’d)

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 41

Overview of a User Profile

Conclusion

25/05/2012 Generic User Models 42

•  User Modeling – User models, stereotypes

•  GUM Systems •  Smart Appliances of UM

Questions

25/05/2012 43 Generic User Models

References

25/05/2012 44 Generic User Models

1.  Domik, G.: User Modelling in Human Computer Interaction 2.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_modeling 3.  http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/Acquisitions/atg/index.html 4.  Kay, J.: The um toolkit for cooperative user modelling. 5.  Kobsa, A.: Generic User Modeling Systems. 6.  Kobsa, A.; Pohl, W.: The User Modeling Shell System BGP-MS. 7.  Tao, K.; Abel, F.; Gao, Q.; Houben, G.: TUMS: Twitter-based User

Modeling Service