GENETIC DISEASES & DISORDERSFEBRUARY 29, 2012

DO NOW…WRITE OUT EACH QUESTION….

1. ______________ is the process that occurs after transcription of the DNA into RNA and the message is read to create proteins.

2. What is the process by which DNA is read and a corresponding strand of RNA is created?

a. Translation

b. Transcription

c. Replication

d. Mutation

3. Write out the corresponding DNA code that would be created during replication of this strand:

ATT CGA TTA CCA GTA CAT GTA

ANNOUNCEMENTS• Turn in your parent letters

• Turn in the Microbiology Test Assignment.

• I am not making you another copy. If you need another one, please use the WIKI (under class documents) and print it from home or write out the answers on a sheet of paper.

• Notebook Check on Friday

• The last notebook check was very eye-opening. Please be prepared for this one.

• Class Poll: Would you like to have a crate in class for the option to leave your notebooks in every day?

• Teacher Assistant Sign-Up on Science Superstars Board

AGENDA FOR TODAY:• Review of Mutations

• What is a mutation? Is it a good thing or a bad thing?

• Benefits to Mutations

• Disorders & Diseases associated with Genetic Mutations

• Three Levels• Notes & Short Videos

• Give one, Take one

• Group Assignments

• Disease Stations:

• Sickle Cell Anemia• Huntington’s Disease• Down’s Syndrome• Klinefelter’s Syndrome

REVIEW FROM FRIDAY• A mutation is any change in the DNA.

• The change can be beneficial, detrimental, or have no effect.

• In other words, the change can be Good or Bad. It may not have any affect

• The mutation may have a small or large effect.

• Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3

MUTATIONS are not what we think of from Sci-Fi/Horror Movies!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqvYOr78THo&feature=related

BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS

Beneficial Mutations:

• Provide Genetic Variation

• Allow species to Adapt to the Environment & Conditions

• Mutations are what have allowed the Earth to have the variety of life we have today

• Part of the “engine” of Evolution—(it’s what drives evolution)

EXAMPLES:

• Mutations have allowed organisms to evolve from unicellular to multicellular organisms

• Development of the Human Thumb

MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE DISEASE

Often a mutation can cause disease.

Genetic Diseases can be classified in three levels.

LEVEL 1 MUTATIONS

Level 1: Single-Gene Disorders

Result when a mutation causes the protein product of a single gene to be altered or missing.

Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, & Huntington’s Disease

LEVEL 2 MUTATIONS

Level 2: Chromosomal Abnormalities

Entire Chromosomes (or large segments of them) are missing, duplicated, or otherwise altered.

Ex: Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome

LEVEL 3 MUTATIONSLevel 3: Multifactorial Disorders

Result from mutations in multiple genes, often coupled with environmental causes

EXAMPLES: Colon Cancer, Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Alzheimer’s

Before we head to our stations, lets watch a video about mutations that cause Ovarian & Breast Cancer:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bGkUQBw1Rs&feature=related

GIVE ONE, GET ONE• This is a new activity I just learned in my training on

MONDAY!!!

• We are going to pass out plan white sheets of paper to create a grid.

• Follow the directions to create a 2 x 4 grid.

• Take 5 minutes to write down AS MANY THINGS as you can about mutations. Place one fact in each box. You may review your notes or the fact station up front.

GIVE ONE, GET ONE• I am going to turn on the music. While the music is

playing, you will get up and rotate the room to collect new facts for your sheet.

• Be sure to take one fact (add it to your sheet) and give one fact away!

• When the music turns off, you are done…return to your seat!

STATIONSWe will be visiting stations today that talk about some of the most well-known Genetic diseases.

There are eight stations covering four different diseases. The class will be split into groups that cover the front wall and back wall. Each group has 2-3 members.

You will read the short article provided and answer the questions posted at each station on your group activity sheet. This will be graded for participation.

You will have approximately 8 minutes at each station. You will move to the station with the next number up.

1 2 3 4 1

3-2-1 EXIT TICKET

You will need to complete this before you will be allowed to leave class.

Three things you learned today

Two things you are still confused about

One thing you would like to know more about