genetic diversity of stream fish populations in the mid-atlantic region suzanne christ, mark bagley,...
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![Page 1: Genetic Diversity of Stream Fish Populations in the Mid-Atlantic Region Suzanne Christ, Mark Bagley, Frank McCormick US Environmental Protection Agency,](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d2a5503460f949ffb6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Genetic Diversity of Stream Fish
Populations in the Mid-Atlantic Region
Suzanne Christ, Mark Bagley, Frank McCormick
US Environmental Protection Agency,National Exposure Research Laboratory
Cincinnati OH
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What does genetic diversity have to do with
vulnerability assessments?
ReVA Endpoints:– Resource Productivity– Clean Drinking Water– Biodiversity
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What does genetic diversity have to do with
vulnerability assessments?
ReVA Endpoints:– Resource Productivity– Clean Drinking Water– Biodiversity
![Page 4: Genetic Diversity of Stream Fish Populations in the Mid-Atlantic Region Suzanne Christ, Mark Bagley, Frank McCormick US Environmental Protection Agency,](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110322/56649d2a5503460f949ffb6c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biodiversity
Genes
Species
Ecosystem
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Genetic Diversity
• Variation in the heritable portion of measurable traits that exists among individuals within a species.– Genetic diversity within populations – Genetic diversity among populations
• Examples: eye color, height, blood type, HIV resistance
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Gilpin and Soule’s (1987) Extinction Vortex Model (Adaptation and inbreeding vortices)
Δ Environment Δ Genetic Diversity Δ Vulnerability
Ne
Demographic randomness
EXTINCTION
Genetic Drift Inbreeding
Heterozygosity
Inbreeding depression
Adaptation( Environment tracking)
Population size Density Replacement rate variability
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Spatial distribution of genetically distinct resource populations (ESUs)
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Spatial distribution of genetically distinct resource populations (ESUs)• Unique resources
• Biodiversity “Hotspots”
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Spatial distribution of stressors
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Relative vulnerabilities of populations
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What does genetic diversity have to do with
vulnerability assessments?
• Indicator of population’s future “environmental buffering” ability
• Reflective of past population stressor history• Defines the fundamental biological unit that
we wish to assess (the population)– Prioritization based on uniqueness and
vulnerability
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Genetics of Creek Chubs in a Coal Mining Region of the Mid-
Atlantic
Photo courtesy of Ohio Dept. Natural Resources
Semotilus atromaculatus
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• Are there distinct population resources in the MAIA region?
• Do watershed boundaries (HUCs) predict stream population boundaries?
• Do levels of genetic diversity differ among sites?
• What is the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental condition?
Study Questions
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• Five watersheds assessed in MAIA pilot
• 10 sample sites• Part of EMAP-MAIA
97-98 sampling• Wadeable streams
(second and third order)
Study Area
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Major Environmental Concerns
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• 10-28 fish sampled per site
• 590 bp of mitochondrial Cyt-B gene sequenced
• AFLP fingerprints based on 109 polymorphic markers
• Genetic differences within and among sites assessed by Analysis of Molecular Variance
Genetic Analyses
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Population genetic structure
Mitochondrial DNA
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Nuclear DNA
Population genetic structure
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Among Regions64.8%
Within Sites
27.8%
Among SitesWithin Regions
7.4%
Partitioning of Genetic Variance: Mitochondrial DNA
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Partitioning of Genetic Variance: Nuclear DNA
8.0%
86.6%
Among Regions
5.4%
Within Sites
Among SitesWithin Regions
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• Are there distinct population resources in the MAIA region? YES
• Do watershed boundaries (HUCs) predict stream population boundaries? NOT 1:1
• Do levels of genetic diversity differ among sites?
• What is the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental condition?
Study Questions
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0.74
0.76
0.78
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.8
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
Average Genetic Similarity
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Conductivity (uS)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Conductivity (uS)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Sulfate (ueq/ L)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Sulfate (ueq/ L)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Nitrogen (ug/ L)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Nitrogen (ug/ L)
6.56.76.97.17.37.57.77.98.18.38.5
pH
6.56.76.97.17.37.57.77.98.18.38.5
pH
Each site characterized with 25 environmental measures
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Principal Components Analysis
Principal component
Variation explained
Variables
1 (Geochemistry) 37.4%Conductivity, aluminum, calcium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulfate
2 (N/P/C) 24.3%Nitrate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon
3 (Latitudinal clines) 14.1%Latitude, elevation, channel slope, silica, zinc
4 (Spatial scale) 11.8%Watershed area, stream width, stream depth
5 (pH-Ammonium) 6.7%pH, Ammonium
6 (Substrate condition)
6.3%Pebble size, embededness, percent riffle
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Stepwise multiple regression nuclear DNA diversity
PCA FactorPartial
r2 Model r2 F P>F
PCA 3 (Latitudinal clines)
0.433 0.433 6.10 0.039
PCA 2 (N/P/C) 0.349 0.792 12.06 0.010
PCA 5 (pH/Ammonium)
0.184 0.976 45.6 0.005
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• Are there distinct population resources in the MAIA region? YES
• Do watershed boundaries (HUCs) predict stream population boundaries? NOT 1:1
• Do levels of genetic diversity differ among sites? YES
• What is the relationship between genetic diversity and environmental condition? APPEARS TO BE STRONG
Study Questions
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Complete Study • 3 stream minnows• MAIA and WAP• To be completed later this year
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Acknowledgements
Betsy Smith (ReVA)Tony Leonard (Sobran, Univ. of Cincinnati)EMAP program
More info: [email protected] 569 7455