genetic resources studies, breeding and pre breeding for ......international workshop on...

International Workshop Public‐Private Partnerships on Pre‐Breeding2‐4 February 2014, Agropolis, Montpellier, France

Genetic resources studies, breedingand pre‐breeding for bananas:

an integrated approach

Jean‐Pierre HorryGenetic improvement and adaptation

of Mediterranean and tropical plants research unit

International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015

Pre‐breeding

“Pre‐breeding refers to all activities designed to identify desirable characteristics and/or genes from unadapted materials that cannot be used directly in breeding populations and to transfer these traits to an intermediate set of materials that breeders can use further in producing new varieties for farmers. It is a necessary first step in the use of diversity arising from wild relatives and other unimproved materials…”

(Pre‐breeding for Effective Use of Plant Genetic Resources, GIPB e‐learning course)


Pre‐breeding at CIRAD : two exemples

Breeding for dessert banana: towards the development of hybrid varieties to substitute Cavendish export varieties, based on the evolutionary patterns of banana cultivars. UE supported program « Sustainable banana plan », a partnership with the

growers associations of F.W.I.

Breeding for interspecific varieties for local consumption and domestic markets: the integrated DNA sequences of Banana Streak badnavirusproblem. « Program for improved plantain for Sub‐Saharan Africa (PIP‐SSA) ‐ ‐A global

partnership », issued from the Multi‐center planning on banana / plantain improvement workshop supported by BMG fundation and CRP‐RTB


BorneoSumatra

Java

Papoua

Molluques

malaccencis

burma/siamea

banksii

microcarpa?

errans ?

zebrina

The first sub‐speciations

M.balbisianaM.balbisiana

M.balbisianaM.balbisiana

Evolution of the bananas

M.acuminataM.acuminata


Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana

Intra‐subspecific and inter‐specific crossesDomestication (parthenocarpy, sterility)

Reduced (n=1x) and unreduced (n=2x) gametesED x ED or ED x WR crosses

AA w BB

Wild relatives (WR)Wild relatives (WR)

Edible diploids (ED)Edible diploids (ED)

Triploid cultivarsTriploid cultivars

AAcv AB

ABBAABAAA

Somaclonal variations, mutations, selection

Sub‐speciation



Breeding for export dessert bananas


Breeding for export dessert bananas

Diploid parent2n = 2x = 22

diploid parent2n = 2x = 22

doubled diploid2n = 4x = 44

mainly triploid progeny2n = 33

Hybride 3x

chromosomes doubling

« reconstrutive breeding »CIRAD strategy

Native genetic resources (diploid cultivars with plural sources of resistance, good agronomic and fruit qualities

AND good fertility)

Improved triploid hybrids

Biological resource centre ‐Tropical plants (Guadeloupe)

Satisfying but not really substitutes for Cavendish

export banana

Back to genetic resources studies

CIRAD 925


Diploid ancestors of triploidexport bananas

Buaya

Mlali

Figue

Khai

Mala

Beram

Galéo

Bagul

Spiral

Vudu Beo

Katual

SSR 131 AA cv

Rose/IDN 110

Akondro Mainty

Bebek

Beram

Bie Yeng

Colatina Ouro

Datil

Dibit

Fu Des

Gabah Gabah

Garunga

Gobusik

Gu Nin Chiao

Hom

IDN 077

Igua

Inori

Katual #2

Khai Nai On

Kirun

Kumburgh

Kungor

Mala

Meleng

Mjenga

N° 110/Tha 52

NBA 14 / SF 215

Niyarma Yik

Nzumoheli I

OnatoPaika

Paka

P. Bangkahulu

P. Jaran

P. Jari Buaya (Idn)

P. Madu

P. Oli

P. Pipit

P. Rojo Uter

P.Tongat

Sa

SN2

Sowmuk

Ta

Thong Det

To'o

'Adina'Agul 'Aivip

'Avalira

'Awondaeke

'Bagul'Bega

'Bogia Mun

'Bud'Gebi

'Gilasalasa

'Gorop

'Hung Tu

'Ivi Ivi

'Japaraka no.2

'Kasaska

'Katual Vunalir

'Kekiau

'Kenar

'Kokopo

'Kuspaka

'Kwaro

'Kwosriake

'Loibwa

'Mah

'Mai'a hapai

'Maka

'Maleb

'Mamakila

'Manameg Red

'Mossmum

'Mpiajhap'Navaradam

'Odwa

'Papat

'Papat Wung

'P. Lilin

'Sena

'Sepi

'Sihir

'Somani

'Spiral

'Tainga'Tapatuput

'Te'engi

'Udiwasi

'Vudu Beo

'Yapu Yapu

'Yenai

'Yendisi

"Trumay

"Too

"No 110

"S.F. 265

"M. acuminata hy (302)

"P. Madu

"Djum metek

"Pa (Patthalong)

"Tjau lagada

P. Jari Buaya/BS312

"Undu jamau

P. Mas / Figue Sucrée

"Gwanhour

Paka

"P. buntal

"Monjet

"Uwati

"P. Berlin

"False madang

"P. Gigi buaya

"Heva

"S.F. 248

"Morong princesa

"Figue sucree (BS 107)

"Galeo"Pitu

"P.Tongat

"Guyod (11‐33)

"Tuu gia

"Saing todloh"Manang

"P. Mulik

"Padri"Wh‐O‐Gu

"Tamai

2N

N

N

Cavendish

Gros Michel

ChicameSamba

Raboin et al, 2005 (RFLP)Perrier et al, 2009 (SSR)

Guyod



M. balbisiana

ABB

ABB

others

Pome

othersAAACav.

AAA

AAB

AAB

east

west

Mlali

burmanica/siamea

microcarpa

zebrina

malaccensis

AAA

M. balbisiana

Mutika

AABPlantain

AABPopoulou

« Recent » triploids- parents can be identified- still presents in their origin area- limited migration- limited secondary diversification

« Ancient » triploids- direct parents are lost- are absent in their origin areamigrated far away- very large secondary diversification through vegetative reproduction

Diploid cultivars- emerged in contact areasbetween wild acuminata

errans

truncata

banksii

Reconstruction of the evolutionary story of present day cultivars


Mlalis, Mshale, Muraru: the « 3M group »

Muraru

Mlali

Mshale

Ndyali

mhalihali

Ngazidja(Grande Comore)

Maore(Mayotte)

Nzwani(Anjouan)

Mwali(Moheli)


The 3M group from the breeder point of view

Highly desirable for reconstructive breeding Favourable genetic background (quality) Possible source of resistance for Fusarium wilt Highly susceptible to Sigatoka diseases Poor fertility

Next steps Need for pre‐breeding

• Resistance introgression• Pyramiding resistance genes• Fertility upgrade (CWR)

Increase genetic resources stocks• 3M diploid cultivars• RelatedM.acuminata wild relatives

Cavendish ’Poyo like’ hybrid


Breeding for interspecific (A/B) varieties: the eBSVdilemma



M. balbisiana (BB) hosts silent integrated DNA sequences of the Banana Streak Virus‐ activable in AAB genomes by hybridization & abiotic stresses (low temperatures,

tissue culture)‐ leading to lethal episomal virus particles‐ hampering the use of M. balbisiana accessions in interspecific breeding

Integrated eBSV infectious sequences

Banana streak viral particules

© J. Vo, QAA

FI

stress

Hohn T., Richert‐Pöggeler K., Staginnus C., Harper G., Schwartzacher T., Teo C.‐H., Teycheney P.‐Y., Iskra‐CaruanaML, Hull R. (2008). M. Roossinck ed. Plant virus evolution. Heidelberg, Germany : Springer, 53‐82.



In 2009, M.L. Iskra‐Caruana team (CIRAD, UMR BGPI) discovers thatM. balbisiana PKW genome hosts eBSV sequences of 3 distinct viralspecies in allelic states: for two of the species, only 1 allele isinfectious

eBSGFVGoldfinger

infectious allele GF7 non‐infectious allele GF9

eBSOLVObino l’Ewaï

infectious allele OL1 non‐infectious allele OL2

eBSIMVImové One single infectious allele IM

Gayral P, Noa‐Carrazana JC, Lescot M, Lheureux F, Lockhart BE, Matsumoto T, Piffanelli P, Iskra‐CaruanaML. (2008) J Virol. 82: 6697‐710.Gayral P, Iskra‐Caruana ML. (2009) J Mol Evol. 69 :65‐80Gayral P, Blondin L, Guidolin O, Carreel F, Hippolyte I, Perrier X, Iskra‐CaruanaML (2010) J. Virol 84: 7346‐59



Characterization of eBSV allelic profiles of B containing genotypes Development of 1 BB derivative free of infectious integrated sequences

The team developped PCR screening tools to characterize the eBSVallelic patterns :

Non

infectoo

usallele

1 kb

ladd

er

prob

e

Pisang

Batu

BAF I‐1

BAF I‐4

BAF V‐5

BAF V‐2

BAF VI‐6

Self pollinated

Infectious

allele

Next steps Pre‐breeding for non‐infectious eBSV balbisiana

stocks (intercrosses, selfing, haplodiploidization)

Collection and characterization of new balbisiana genetic stocks


Genebanks, breeding and pre‐breeding

Geneticresourcesstudies

Breeding

Geneticresourcesstudies

Pre‐breeding

Geneticresources

Geneticstocks

Geneticresourcesneeds

genetic resources studies, breeding and pre breeding for ......international workshop on...

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