Genetic Genetic ScreeningScreeningGenetic Genetic

ScreeningScreening

By: MullaniumBy: Mullanium

GLIDES 2010GLIDES 2010

By: MullaniumBy: Mullanium

GLIDES 2010GLIDES 2010

What is Genetic What is Genetic Screening?Screening?

What is Genetic What is Genetic Screening?Screening?

►Genetic screening is the study of the Genetic screening is the study of the formation of DNA. This form of formation of DNA. This form of engineering helps to detect inherited engineering helps to detect inherited diseases, such as sickle-cell disease, diseases, such as sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, and more. hemophilia, and more.

HistoryHistory In 1665, the cell was found inside In 1665, the cell was found inside

plants and animal tissue. The plants and animal tissue. The nucleus of cells were seen as the nucleus of cells were seen as the building blocks of life. In 1902, the building blocks of life. In 1902, the discovery of chromosomes having a discovery of chromosomes having a connection to diseases was connection to diseases was discovered. discovered.

ProsPros ProsPros

►There are many benefits to genetic There are many benefits to genetic screening. It can help with diagnosing screening. It can help with diagnosing diseases that the patient may not diseases that the patient may not even be aware about. It assists even be aware about. It assists mothers before they give birth to mothers before they give birth to diagnose a condition of her child. It diagnose a condition of her child. It can also help diagnose diseases for can also help diagnose diseases for older people, such as sickle-cell older people, such as sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, and others. disease, hemophilia, and others.

ConsConsConsCons► If an insurance company discovers If an insurance company discovers

that you have a rare disease, it is less that you have a rare disease, it is less likely that they will pay for the likely that they will pay for the treatment. This makes the patient pay treatment. This makes the patient pay more expenses. more expenses.

How is it Used How is it Used Today?Today?

How is it Used How is it Used Today?Today?

► Newborn screening is used just after birth to identify Newborn screening is used just after birth to identify genetic disorders that can be treated early in life. genetic disorders that can be treated early in life.

► Parental testing used to detect changes in fetus Parental testing used to detect changes in fetus genes or chromosomes before birth.genes or chromosomes before birth.

► Predictive and presymptomatic types of testing are Predictive and presymptomatic types of testing are used to detect gene mutations associated with used to detect gene mutations associated with disorders that appear after birth of later on in life.disorders that appear after birth of later on in life.

► Forensic testing uses DNA sequences to identify an Forensic testing uses DNA sequences to identify an individual for legal purposes.individual for legal purposes.

► Pharmacogenomics type of genetic testing that Pharmacogenomics type of genetic testing that determines the influence of genetic varition on determines the influence of genetic varition on drugs. drugs. 

How Will it be Used in How Will it be Used in the Future?the Future?

How Will it be Used in How Will it be Used in the Future?the Future?

►A device called DNA chip is currently A device called DNA chip is currently being manufactured. This one-and-a-being manufactured. This one-and-a-quarter by one-and-a-quarter quarter by one-and-a-quarter millimeter device could be used to millimeter device could be used to scan multiple of genes simultaneously. scan multiple of genes simultaneously. This DNA chip can help scientists This DNA chip can help scientists discover much more about the human discover much more about the human gene.gene.

IssuesIssuesIssuesIssues►People and scientists continue to People and scientists continue to

wonder if genetic screening should be wonder if genetic screening should be used for a common disease.used for a common disease.

►When a patient is found to have a When a patient is found to have a specific disease, they could be denied specific disease, they could be denied job opportunities and insurance job opportunities and insurance benefits.benefits.

CostsCostsCostsCosts►Genetic screening tests can range in Genetic screening tests can range in

price, anywhere from $100 to over price, anywhere from $100 to over $2000. If more than one test is $2000. If more than one test is necessary, the the price will increase.necessary, the the price will increase.

Our OpinionOur OpinionOur OpinionOur Opinion►We believe that genetic screening is We believe that genetic screening is

useful for our society. It helps keep useful for our society. It helps keep our citizens safe from contagious our citizens safe from contagious diseases and helps us discover more diseases and helps us discover more about the human gene. Also, it assists about the human gene. Also, it assists with diagnosing possibly fatal with diagnosing possibly fatal conditions.conditions.

CreditsCreditsCreditsCreditsGroup Members:Group Members:►Brunelda AristildeBrunelda Aristilde►Kahleel BanksKahleel Banks►Hannah CharlesHannah Charles► Jeanelie FrancoisJeanelie Francois

CreditsCredits►Thank you to:Thank you to:►Mrs. BarbicMrs. Barbic►Mrs. BarthMrs. Barth►Mrs. DutcherMrs. Dutcher►Mr. PetroMr. Petro►Mrs. SalazarMrs. Salazar

BibliographyBibliography► Althoff, Lisa: DNA Chip-Genetic Testing of the Future, Available:

http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431 /students99/althoff.htm

► Toland, Amanda Ewart, PhD., Genetic Testing: The Cost of Genetic Toland, Amanda Ewart, PhD., Genetic Testing: The Cost of Genetic Testing, Available: Testing, Available: http://www.genetichealth.com/gt_genetic_testing_costs_of_genetic_tehttp://www.genetichealth.com/gt_genetic_testing_costs_of_genetic_testing.shtmlsting.shtml

► Sagredo, Boris, Genetic Screening: The Social Impact of Genetic Sagredo, Boris, Genetic Screening: The Social Impact of Genetic Knowledge, Available: Knowledge, Available: http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students/boris.htmhttp://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~mcclean/plsc431/students/boris.htm

► Devore, David, Genetic Screening and Ethics Overview, Available: Devore, David, Genetic Screening and Ethics Overview, Available: http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/bi/1992/gen_screen1.htmlhttp://www.woodrow.org/teachers/bi/1992/gen_screen1.html

► Author: Unknown, Genetic Testing and Screening in the Age of Author: Unknown, Genetic Testing and Screening in the Age of Genomic Medicine, Available: Genomic Medicine, Available: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/taskfce/screening.htm http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/taskfce/screening.htm