genetic variation. genetics genetics is the study of inheritance. the passing on of...
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Genetic Variation
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of inheritance.The passing on of characteristics/traits
from the birth mother & father to their offspring
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Most life begins as a fertilised ovule called a zygote or embryo.
Animals:
Male gamete
Female gamete
Formed in:
Sperm Egg/OvuleZygote/embryo+
testes ovary
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Plants:
Male gamete
Female gamete
Formed in:
Pollen Ovule Zygote+
anther ovary
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Questions
Does growth and development stop at fertilisation?
… at birth?
How does the one cell zygote know what to do to become a mature member of its species?
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Genetic Code
The genetic code is the instructions for how a zygote grows and develops into a mature organism. The genetic code is found in the nucleus of cells.
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Chromosomes
From Advanced Biology for You
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes are found in nucleus of cellsThey come in pairs of similar shape and size
called homologous pairs.Exception – sex chromosomes, X & Y differ in
size and shapeFemales: XX Males: XY
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Each species has a unique number of chromosomes e.g. humans – 46 chromosomes
Scientists arrange the chromosomes in pairs from longest to shortest. They call this pattern a karyotype.
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What does this tell us about human chromosomes?
The human karyotype
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Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes found in the body cell. One from each homologous pair
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Complete the Table
Species Body Cell Male gamete
Female gamete
Human 23
Rat 19
Pea 14
Fruit Fly 4
Horse 66