genocide
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GENOCIDEAND RELATED CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY
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Genocide
By “genocide” we mean the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group.
-- Raphael LemkinAxis Rule in Occupied Europe
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A TAXONOMY OF GENOCIDE
GENOCIDE
DEMOCIDE
ETHNIC CLEANSING
POGROMS
GHETTO / SEGREGATION
DISCRIMINATION
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GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME
THE MELIAN DIALOGUE 416 BC
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GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME
“ Carthago delenda est” (“Carthage must be destroyed”)
THIRD PUNIC WAR 146 BCCATO THE ELDER
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GENOCIDE IS AN ANCIENT CRIME
Tamerlane1336-1405
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Before the Holocaust
“Who today speaks of the annihilation of the Armenians?” - Adolf Hitler 1939
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THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
“TURKEY FOR THE TURKS!”
Talaat Pasha
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THE HOLOCAUST1933-1945
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Holocaustburnt offering
First used in And the World was Silent (Wiesel)
Shoah (Hebrew) -- Destruction, complete ruination
by fire.
Porraimos (Romani) – The Devouring10
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Rise of Nazism(1933)
Nazis receive 33% of the vote
Reichstag Fire Reichstag Fire
Decree Enabling Act
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Courtesy Library of Congress
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Censorship
“Un-German” books burned
12Courtesy National Archives
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The Nuremburg Laws(1935)
Defined who was (not) German and held citizenship in the Third Reich
Groups targeted:Disabled (July 14)Jews (Sept 15)Gypsies (Nov 26)*African-Germans (Nov 26)*
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* by decree
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Progressive Denial of Rights
Registration of Jewish Property
Gypsy “Clean-Up Week”
Jews are forbidden from owning businesses
Jews are forbidden from practicing law and medicine
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Courtesy National Archives
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Racial ViolenceKristallnacht
“The Night of Broken Glass”
Thousands of Synagogues and businesses destroyed
30,000 Jews sent to concentration camps
91 people killed Jewish community
fined for damages15
Courtesy Yad Vashem
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Identification
Jewish passports must have a “J” stamp (1938)
Jews in Poland must wear Star of David armband (1939)
16Courtesy USHMM & Holocaust Memorial Center
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Segregation
Jews ordered into ghettos(1939)
17Courtesy USHMM
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Concentration Camps
Dachau (1933)Buchenwald (1937)Auschwitz (1940)
18Courtesy National Archives
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Slave Labor
Concentration camps “labor camps”
19Courtesy USHMM
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Path to ExterminationT4 Program
Euthanasia (1939) Lethal injection Carbon monoxide
gas chamber False death
certificates Secret program
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Emmi G, a 16-year-old schizophrenic, was put to death at Meseritz-Obrawalde
Courtesy USHMM
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Mob Violence
Kovno Lithuania (1941)
21 Courtesy USHMM
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Mass Killings
Einsatzgruppen “execution order” (1941)
22 Courtesy USHMM
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Final Solution(1942)
Jewry must pay for its crime just as our Führer prophesied in his speech in the Reichstag; namely, by the wiping out of the Jewish race in Europe and possibly in the entire world.
-- Joseph Goebbels, Reichsminister for
Propaganda
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Liquidation
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Courtesy USHMM
Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler
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Extermination Camps
25Courtesy USHMM
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Industrialized Murder
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Gas chambers for mass killing
Crematories for body disposal
Courtesy USHMM
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Victims
JewsPolesPolitical OpponentsJehovah's WitnessesAfrican-Germans
Roma (Gypsies)Soviet POWsDisabledHomosexualsAsocials
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Victims 11.5 Million people were killed in the Holocaust
6 Million of them were Jews
1.5 Million of them were children
2 million were Soviet POWs
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What is the effect of turning one’s back on a neighbor?
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What is the effect of turning one’s back on a neighbor?
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http://www.dismalworld.com/violence/khmer_rouge_regime_and_genocide_in_cambodia.php
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What are the ramifications of technology?
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What are the ramification of technology? Deogratias, Stassen
“We ask our brave Hutu brothers not to let this crime go un-punished. Rise up, brothers! Rise up and go to work! Sharpen your tools, pick up your clubs! This race of cockroaches must be eradicated!”
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Why do some people think that in order for their ideas to be right other people’s ideas need to be
wrong?
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Why do some people think that in order for their ideas to be right other people’s ideas
need to be wrong?
http://www.historywiz.com/roma-mm.htm
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What is perfect?
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The University of Virginia was home to supporters of the science of eugenics. Above, Dr. H.E. Jordan who became Dean of the Department of Medicine at the
University in 1939
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What is Perfect?
"This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reichsmark during his lifetime. Fellow Germans, that is your money, too."
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Does the inventor control the invention?
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What does identity identify?
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During the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, ID cards were death warrants for many Tutsi stopped at checkpoints. __________USHMM/Jerry Fowler
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What does identity identify?
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A German passport issued to Siegfried Jacobsberg and stamped with the letter "J" for "Jude." Siegfried used this passport to escape to Shanghai in June 1939. [Photograph #25784] USHMM
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We Wear the Mask Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906)
We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,—
This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,
And mouth with myriad subtleties. Why should the world be over-wise,
In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while
We wear the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries
To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vile
Beneath our feet, and long the mile; But let the world dream otherwise,
We wear the mask!
http://www.potw.org/archive/potw8.html
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Felix Nussbaum, died 1944 Auschwitz
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http://www1.yadvashem.org/exhibitions/nussbaum/home_nussbaum.html