GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT

SELECTION OF LANDFILL SITES FOR SOLID WASTE IN DAMATURU TOWN

-USING GIS TECHNIQUESAyo babalola,Ibrahim busu

ABIN BABU C8 A8103

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MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTEGreatest threat to any townshipCan be

◦Biodegradable waste◦Recyclable waste◦Inert waste◦Electrical and electronic waste◦Hazardous waste◦Toxic waste

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YOU KNOW…America generates 140 million

tons of solid wasteJapan and germany close to 50

million tonsIndia generates 500 -700 gm per

head per day

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Landfills Cheapest form of final disposal of

muncipal solid wasteConfined to smaller areaCompacted to reduce volumeSELECTION OF SITE is a complex task

◦ SOCIAL◦ GEOGRAPHICAL ◦ POLITICAL ◦ ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

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DAMATURU TOWNLocal government area in YOBE

state,NIGERIAPopulation is mainly muslimTemp range 30 -42Rainfall 400 -800 mmPopulation 2,55 ,895(2011)NE and SW maritime airmasses

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Factors considered while selection of landfill

Sitting criteria• Administrative,agricultural,co

mmercial,educational• Settlement,waterbody ,recreat

ion

Road network • National highways and other

major roads• Accessibility

Infiltration• Potential risk of contamination

of GWT• not important in nigeria

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elevation •Elevation is an important parameter•Too much steep is not suitable for landfill

groundwater table •Risk of contamination•15-20 most suitable•5 -15 less suitable

wind •direction of wind•Flat terrain is least preffered

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Distance (residential) •Increased distance reduce public opposition•500 m away is taken suitable•Residential areas are classified as high medium and low density

Distance(road network) •Neither too close or too long•But it should be within 300 m or so

surfacewater •Not sited near rivers ,lakes, ponds and swamps•As away (atleast 100 m) is suitable

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Sensitive areas •Areas of cultural and historic importance•Churches ,conventional centres graveyards

Precipitation •Higher precipitation is not suitable

slope •High slopes and flats are not prefered•Medium slope of not more than 20

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GISIt is a computer system designed to capturestoremanipulateanalyse manage and presentall type of spacial and geographical

data

CaptureData

GIS Process

RegisterMap Base

InterpretData

Convert Datato DigitalFormat

Store Datain Computer

ProcessData

DisplayResults

GIS System

CARTOGRAPHICDISPLAY SYSTEM

GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM

MAP DIGITIZINGSYSTEM

IMAGEPROCESSINGSYSTEM

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM

DATABASEMANAGEMENTSYSTEM

IMAGES

MAPS

MAPS

STATISTICALREPORTS

STATISTICSTABULAR DATA

Vector and Raster Representation of Point Map Features

Map Feature GIS VectorFormat GIS Raster

Format

(X,Y)Coordinate in space

Cell Locatedin an Array

Vector and Raster Representation of Line Map Features

GIS VectorFormat

GIS RasterFormat

Vector and Raster Representation of Area Map Features

Map Feature GIS VectorFormat

GIS RasterFormat

Comparison of Raster and Vector Formats

Raster formats are efficient when comparing information among arrays with the same cell size.

Raster files are generally very large because each cell occupies a separate line of data, only one attribute can be assigned to each cell, and cell sizes are relatively small.

Vector formats are efficient when comparing information whose geographical shapes and sizes are different.

Vector files are much smaller because a relatively small number of vectors can precisely describe large areas and a many attributes can be ascribed to these areas.

Raster Vector

Comparison of Raster and Vector Formats

Raster representations are relatively coarse and imprecise

Vector representations of shapes can be very precise.

Raster Vector

Most GIS software can display both raster and vector data. Only a limited number of programs can analyze both types of data or make raster type analyses in vector formats.

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Different attributes have different weightage

Weight was obtained from Analytical Network Process(ANP)

for example ◦Landuse -0.168◦road-.06◦Waterbody .10

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conclusionMulti criteria analysis suggested

14 sites Among them 7 met land

requirement crieria of 20 hec