Geographic Information Science

• “Geo-technology, as one of the

three most important emerging

and evolving fields, along with

nanotechnology andnanotechnology and

biotechnology” (2004, Gewin,

Nature)。

Oh no, time to wake upTurn off the alarm clockTurn on the lightListen to some tunesAll the electricity I just used,Was geography and technology.

Geography and technologyWorld of your communityGeography and TechnologySee how the world comes to youGeography and technology

Geography and technologyWorld of your communityGeography and technologySee how the world comes to youGeography and technology

Jump in the car,It’s not so far,Don’t we need some gasTo go a little fast,Did you guess, GISHelped in planning this the best

Hurry up it’s time to eatAll I want is some fruit and meat

Geography and technologyWorld of your community

GEOGRAPHY AND TECHNOLOGYG. Kono, K. Higuchi, and M.F. Higuchi

Hawaii Geographic Alliance 1999

All I want is some fruit and meatFruit comes from trees need water too,Using water true and blue.GIS helped plan this you see,To map and plan our community.

World of your communityGeography and technologySee how the world comes to youGeography and technology

Geography and technologyWorld of your communityGeography and technologySee how the world comes to youGeography and technology

Grab my papers and my booksTextbooks, notebooks, library books.Even other things you use,Pencils, magazines, and newspapers too.The wood that made the paper and goods,Used geography and technology.

Time to go, I’m so full.Let the sing grind the food.It does down the sewer system,To be part of the waste water system.All of this was planned with,Geography and Technology

The world and community you see,See how the world comes to you and me,Through geography and technology.

Copyright © Hawaii Geographic Alliance. All Rights Reserved. July 2002

Imagine yourself flying high into spaceLooking down on the whole Human RaceObserving the clouds! What a wonderful notion.A satellite’s view of each continent and ocean.

We can travel to different lands.Explore the world with a touch of our hands.Technology has taken us far.We can discover the world from right where we are!

The world is a special placeNo matter where you may go.

EXPLORE THE WORLD!GEOGRAPY TAKES YOU PLACES

Ben UyetakeHawaii Geographic Alliance 1997

Billions of people, Billions of yearsWondrous changes with each passing yearIslands that rise from the sea…Birds flying high and whales living free/

Exploring mountains covered with snowDiscovering riches under earth below.Endangered habitats of water and land.Our World is a place that needs a helping hand

The world is an incredible placeeverywhere you go.

The World is special.So unique.Ever giving.So fantastic,So unreal,So exciting…Explore, discover!!

(Chorus) Explore the worldGeography takes you placesExplore the world!Discover the things around you.Explore the world!No matter where you may go.

People of every cultureright outside your door.We share so many thingsthough we may be far apart.So many things in commonin our minds and heart…

(Chorus) Explore the world!Geography takes you placesExplore the world!Discover the things around you.Explore the world!Geography takes you placesExplore the world!Hidden treasures are what you’ll findExplore the world…Discover what’s yours and mine.

everywhere you go.Traveling to distant landsso many things in store.Black, yellow, brown, and whiteare the colors of the world…Places, and every living thing could be exciting,if you…Explore the world!

(Chorus) Geography takes you placesExplore the world!Discover the things around you.Explore the world!Geography takes you placesExplore the world!Hidden treasures are what you’ll findExplore the world…Discover what’s yours and mine.

Explore the world!Geography takes you placesExplore the world!Hidden treasures are what you’ll findExplore the world…Discover what’s yours and mine.

Geography takes you placesGeography takes you placesGeography takes you placesGeography takes you placesGeography takes you placesGeography takes you places

CHORUS:The world of mapsThe world of mapsShows me people, places, and thingsThe world of mapsThe world of mapsShows me people, places, and things

Maps tell a storyAbout the world of which we liveIt shows us location and other important things.

The World of MapsBy Benny Uyetake 2008

CHORUS

Topical maps show me elevationPhysical maps show me areaClimate maps show me precipitationResource maps show me what people do

CHORUS

CHORUSIt shows us location and other important things.It shows us population and where food is grown,It shows us where rivers are and the place we call home.

CHORUS

Maps shows us thingsAbout people of the worldAbout different cultures and what languages we speak.About different places, or where people work and playMaps show us many things about this place we call Earth.

http://www.hawaii.edu/hga/Songs/worldmaps.html

Topical maps show me elevationPhysical maps show me areaClimate maps show me precipitationResource maps show me what people do

Maps tell a storyAbout the world of which we liveIt shows us location and other important things.It shows us population and where food is grown,It shows us where rivers are and the place we call home.

The evolution of the Geotechnology Community has broadened its membership in numbers,interests, backgrounds and depth of understanding.

http://www.innovativegis.com/basis/mapanalysis/Topic27/Topic27.htm

Geotechnologies◦ The various hardware and software platforms

and peripherals that make possible theelectronic creation, storage, manipulation, andanalysis of geographic data (e.g., GIS)

Geographic inquiry (Informasi geografis)◦ The process of collecting, organizing, analysing,

and communicating geographic informationand communicating geographic information

Source: The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 9 & 10: Canadian and World Studies, 2005

Geomatikaadalah sebuah istilah ilmiah modern yang berarti pendekatan yang terpadudalam mengukur, menganalisis, dan mengelola deskripsi dan lokasi data-datakebumian, yang sering disebut sebagai data spasial. Data-data ini berasal dariberbagai sumber, antara lain satelit-satelit yang mengorbit bumi, sensor-sensor laut dan udara, dan peralatan ukur di daratan. Data tersebut diolahdengan teknologi informasi mutakhir menggunakan perangkat keras danperangkat lunak komputer.

Geography affects us in many ways:◦ Our natural environment

◦ Our human environment

Geography has become a high tech discipline Geography has become a high tech discipline◦ Earth Observation

◦ Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

◦ Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

◦ Cartography,

◦ Photogrammetry

Teknologi Peranan teknologi dalam rangka peningkatan kemampuan

teknologi GIS

Data Base Management

System (DBMS)

Menyimpan atribut untuk ditampilkan di GIS; Pelacakan data,

penyortiran, penggabungan, penambahan, memperbarui,

restrukturisasi, terkait table dan field-field.

Computer Aided Design

(CAD)

Memperluas geometri data 2D menjadi data GIS 3D

Kemampuan dalam rendering.

Land Information System Memperluas kemampuan GIS untuk survei tanah danLand Information System

(LIS)

Memperluas kemampuan GIS untuk survei tanah dan

perekamannya dalam aspek legal/hukum, administrasi dan untuk

tujuan perencanaan dan pembangunan.

Automated

Mapping/Facilities

Mapping (AM/FM)

Meningkatkan fungsi GIS dalam pemetaan automatis dan

peta pemeliharaan utilitas untuk umum seperti : air, drainase, gas

dan listrik.

GPS Meningkatkan akurasi lokasi dan obyek

memverifikasi akurasi atribut dalam SIG;

Kemampuan dalam navigasi dan tracking/pelacakan.

Teknologi Peranan teknologi dalam rangka peningkatan kemampuan

teknologi GIS

Remote sensing and

Photogrammetry (RSP)

Integrasi fungsi-fungsi SIG dan analisis dan hasil pengolahan data dan

analisis data. Sumber data Raster

Statistical Software (SS) Integrasi GIS dan prosedur statistik

Spatial Decision Support

Systems (SDSS)

Memperluas fungsi GIS untuk pengambilan keputusan

Spatial Expert Systems Mengintegrasikan kemampuan Expert Systems dan fungsi GISSpatial Expert Systems

(SES)

Mengintegrasikan kemampuan Expert Systems dan fungsi GIS

Planning Support Systems

(PSS)

Memperluas fungsi GIS untuk perencanaan

Multimedia Systems

(MS)

Meningkatkan visualisasi dari informasi geografi dengan penggunaan

suara, video, gambar, hypertext dan hotlink

Internet-based Systems (IS) Meningkatkan komunikasi, berbagi data (data sharing), joint task

operation dan layanan online GIS

Groupware Systems

(GW)

Mengaktifkan beberapa pengguna (multiple users) di lokasi yang

berbeda untuk melakukan tugas-tugas yang terkait dengan

perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan

Students are stronger in many skill areas◦ Critical thinking◦ Pattern recognition◦ Design

Technical expertise higherTechnical expertise higher◦ Programming◦ Database management◦ File management

Geographically literate◦ Increased awareness about GIS

Knowledge areas:

Spatial analysis

Image processing

Digital elevation model

Remote Sensing Remote Sensing

Geographic Database

• Desktop mapping. “Business Geographics.”

• Real high end power.

• GIS/GPS integration.

• IVNS (in-vahicle navigation system)• IVNS (in-vahicle navigation system)

• Rapidly maturing market with broad publicacceptance and knowledge

• The Web. More than data delivery.

Access distributed data and processingsystems

Publish data and knowledge between users

From monolithic desktop systems todistributed GI-ServicesFrom monolithic desktop systems todistributed GI-Services

“Server GIS” “Cloud GIS”

Geography is still very important incyberspace

County map w/pie chart of election results

Google Map with sunrise/sunset calculator

Google Map with line generalizer so lineswith GPS points load more quickly

Maps with tags, comments, Maps with tags, comments,personalization, etc.

Javascript APIs

ArcGIS Javascript API for ArcGIS server

Hardware price: performance continues toimprove

Hardware diversity increases

Software functionality continues to improve

GIScience becomes the norm GIScience becomes the norm

More GI is created and accessible

GIS plays a pivotal role in New Science

Geographic measurement technologiesbecome all-pervasive

GIS Cloud is the first purely web based GIS powered by cloudcomputing. It provides full desktop GIS features enriched bythe web. GIS Cloud offers easy and efficient visualization,analysis and exploration of geographic information.

The primary goals of the GIS Cloud platform are as follows; toThe primary goals of the GIS Cloud platform are as follows; tosimplify exchange of geographical information between usersand offer an easy way to analyze this information regardlessof the location of its users. By using GIS Cloud our usersaccess the full power of desktop GIS, allowing for suchactivities as geospatial analysis, spatial intelligence, thecreation of customized mapping reports and publishinggeographic analysis on the Web.

Area

Buffer analysis

Two Layer Comparison analysis

HotSpot analysis HotSpot analysis

Radius Coverage analysis

ArcGIS Explorer Online(http://www.arcgisonline.com_

ArcGIS Server

Google Earth

Bing Maps

Google MapsGoogle Maps

Geospasial Untuk Negeri (TUGAS : http://ina-sdi.or.id)

geoportal name geoportal URLGeobasisdatenportal http://www.geoportal.nrw.deUNEP/DEWA/GRID-Europewebsite

http://www.grid.unep.ch

geocat.ch http://www.geocat.chGeoserver.nl http://www.geoserver.nlWaarneming.nl http://waarneming.nlESIP Website-Earth InformationExchange

http://www.esipfed.org

DNR Data Deli http://deli.dnr.state.mn.usGeoportale - Infrastruttura per http://www.cartografia.regione.lombardia.it/gGeoportale - Infrastruttura perl'Informazione Territoriale dellaLombardia

http://www.cartografia.regione.lombardia.it/geoportale

ZüriPlan http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/zueriplanConservation GeoPortal http://www.conservationmaps.orgSNIG - Sistema Nacional deInformação Geográfica

http://snig.igeo.pt/Portal/

Infraestructura de DatosEspaciales de España

http://www.idee.es

SANBI Biodiversity GIS http://bgis.sanbi.orgGeoData Gateway http://www.geogateway.epa.gov (intranet

only)

geoportal name geoportal URLGeographic Data Clearinghouse http://www.lmic.state.mn.us/chouseAGILE website http://www.agile-online.orgAustralian Spatial Data Directory http://asdd.ga.gov.au/asdd/FAO GeoNetwork http://www.fao.org/geonetworkKarst Information Portal http://www.karstportal.orgMetroGIS DataFinder http://www.datafinder.orgGeoPortal Basel-Stadt http://www.geo.bs.chgeoNorge.no http://www.geonorge.noEarth Information System http://eie.cos.gmu.eduGeospatial One-Stop http://gos2.geodata.gov/wps/portal/gosGeospatial One-Stop(geodata.gov)

http://gos2.geodata.gov/wps/portal/gos

GEOPORTAL IDEC http://www.geoportal-idec.catGéoclip http://www.geoclip.netPIV http://172.20.20.202/midr/index.phpINSPIRE-X http://www.inspire-x.sebestelloket en basiskaart online http://www.gbkn.nlMIDAS http://gis.vsb.cz/midas

geoportal name geoportal URLMIDAS http://gis.vsb.cz/midasInfraestructura de DatosEspaciales de Andalucía (SpatialData Infraestructure of Andalusia)

http://andaluciajunta.es/IDEAndalucia/IDEA.shtml

Groene omgeving; Duin portaal;GeoDesk Data Catalog

http://www.groene-omgeving.nl/Portal/index.jsp;http://duin.natuurgegevens.nl/Portal/;http://datacatalog.wurnet.nl/Portal/ptk

Nationaal Geoportaal http://geonovum.nitg.tno.nl:8080/geonetworkGEOPortail vaudois http://www.asitvd.chGEOPortail vaudois http://www.asitvd.chGéoportail du SIT neuchâtelois http://www.ne.ch/sitnWeoGeo http://www.weogeo.comMetroGIS DataFinder http://www.datafinder.orggigateway http://www.gigateway.org.uk

The origins of geoportals can be traced to the early growth of the Internet. Websites like MapQuest (http://www.mapquest.com) and MapBlast (http://www.map-blast.com) are examples of portals that capitalized on the advent of the Internetand the interest of the public to locate places and map them.

http://maps.ina-sdi.or.id/home/webmap/viewer.html?useExisting=1

http://geospasial.bnpb.go.id/mapviewer/

Longley et al. text

Longley et al. text

Understanding GIS requires consideration ofscience, systems and studies

GIS provides a framework to manage theworld

The real value of GIS is its problem solvingcapabilityThe real value of GIS is its problem solvingcapability

The future of GIS and GISci is bright

Hardware price: performance continues toimprove

Hardware diversity increases

Software functionality continues to improve

GIScience becomes the norm GIScience becomes the norm

More GI is created and accessible

GIS plays a pivotal role in New Science

Geographic measurement technologiesbecome all-pervasive

Services now the 4th “S” in GIS (GIScience, GISystems and GIStudies)

Location Based Services

for organization for individual

Map facilities where I am

Geocode customers where I want to go

Route deliveries how I get there

Analyze the market what is there

Content tailored for current location, not the desktop

Mobile

Handheld

Interactive

Evolution involves

Past Future

◦ Few applications -> many and varied

◦ Few users -> many

◦ Standalone -> web

◦ Fixed -> mobile

?

InformationManagement

1970 1980 1990 2000

Internet

EraKomputer/

GIS

EVOLUSI PEMANFAATAN DATA SPASIALEVOLUSI PEMANFAATAN DATA SPASIAL

SDI 2

1970 1980

SIG SDI 1

SistemmenggunakanPeta Cetak

Spatial InformationManagement

1970 1980 1990 2000

Era ICT

Pemetaan DigitalSeamless/Scalable/Multi-dimensional

1970 1980

PemetaanKonvensional

1:25K

1:100K1:250K

"The Model-driven Approach to Geographic Information System Standardisation- Lessons Learned - "Dr. Arne J. Berre SINTEF, Oslo, Norway, SINTEF

Technologies that know where they are– and provide information accordingly– move with the user– the cellphone, PDA, laptop, …

Major applicationsMajor applications– emergency calls– commercial uses

Major concerns– privacy, surveillance

Michael F. GoodchildUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

Location Based Services (LBS). Geo Research Centre inPostdam, Germany, has established German-IndonesianTsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS). This system couldgenerate tsunami early warning via internet, e-mail andmobile text message (see Deustche Welle, 2006). Earlywarning system is one of the most important application onwarning system is one of the most important application onpro-activeness stage of disaster anagement in order tominimise the fatality;

• Scientific visualization and computergraphics will be increasingly integrated withGIS capabilities

• Animated maps

• Interactive maps

• Augmented reality